2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld重难点归纳.pdf

(每日一练每日一练)2023)2023 年人教版高中英语必修一年人教版高中英语必修一 Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldUnit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld重难点归纳重难点归纳 单选题 1、In our mind,Professor Wang is a learned and kind man,so we showed our _for him.AattentionBrespectCstruggleDrequest 答案：B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。A.attention 注意；B.respect 尊敬；C.struggle 斗争；D.request 请求。根据“Professor Wang is a learned and kind man”可知，在我们心目中，王教授是一个博学的，和蔼的人，因此，我们对他很尊敬。show our respect for（向某人表敬意）可知，选 B。2、He wrote a letter _he explained what had happened in the accident.AwhichBthatChowDwhere 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信里解释了事故中发生了什么。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“letter”，在从句中作地点状语，即“he explained what had happened in the accident in the letter”，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故选 D 项。3、The man _ you shook hands just now is our new English teacher.Awith whomBwhomCwith whichDwhich 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：你刚才和他握手的那个人是我们的新英语老师。分析句子结构可知，_ you shook hands just now 为定语从句，shake hands with sb.为固定用法，先行词 the man，指人，在定语从句中作介词 with 的宾语，需用关系代词 whom 引导。故选 A。4、The man took out a knife and made a mark _ his sword was dropped,confusing the passengers on board.Afrom whereBwhatCon whichDwhere 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：这名男子拿出一把刀，在剑掉的地方做了个记号，让舟上的乘客迷惑不解。分析句子可知，先行词为 mark 在，_ his sword was dropped 在句中作地点状语，所以关系副词用 where 引导。故选 D。5、The reason _ he has been such a success is_he never gives up.Awhy,becauseBthat,whatCthat,thatDwhy,that 答案：D 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他如此成功的原因是他从不放弃。分析句子结构可知，“he has been such a success”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词 reason 是原因，因此第一空用关系副词 why，“he never gives up”是表语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此第二空用 that 引导表语从句，故选 D。6、The reason _Im here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.AwhyBbecauseCthatDwhich 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：我之所以在这里讲述这个故事是因为我做出了正确的决定。此处为定语从句修饰先行词reason，先行词在从句中作原因状语，故用 why。故选 A。7、The island _ he lived with his children is far from the town.AwhichBfor whichCwhoDon which 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：他和孩子们居住的岛离城镇很远。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“island”，句中涉及固定短语“live on”，意为“住在上”，先行词“island”作介词“on”的宾语，指物，故应用“介词 on+关系代词 which”引导从句，故空格处应填“on which”。故选 D 项。8、That is the very book_ I am looking for.AthatBwhichCwhatDas 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：那正是我要找的书。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 book，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，且被 the very 修饰，只能用关系代词 that 引导。故选 A。9、She is going through a difficult phase _ she will not only complete her college course but also look after her sick father.AwhereBwhatCwhichDwhy 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：她正在经历一个困难的阶段，她不仅要完成大学课程，还要照顾生病的父亲。空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 phase，表示“阶段，时期”，表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where 引导，故选 A 项。10、Because of COVD-19,days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 5,000 yuan for one night.AifBwhenCwhichDsince 答案：B 考查连词。句意：受新冠肺炎疫情影响，当地 5 星级酒店一晚 5000 元的日子已经一去不复返了。分析句子可知，此处引导分割式限制性定语从句，先行词为 days，关系副词 when 引导从句，在从句中作时间状语，相当于 during which，意为“在那时”。故选 B 项。11、Middle School attached to Shanghai Normal university,Minhang campus will reach its _ of over 700 students this September.AtargetBstruggleCbalanceDcontact 答案：A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：上海师范大学附属中学闵行校区将于今年 9 月达到 700 多名学生的目标。A.target目标；B.struggle 奋斗，努力；C.balance 平衡；D.contact 联系。根据句意，设空处应表示“学校的目标”，故填名词 target，作宾语。故选 A。12、The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system_ students were able to choose their own courses of study.Aon whichBabout whichCto whichDby which 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：哈佛大学的校长率先推出了选修课，学生可以选择自己的课程。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词 system，且根据此处表示“学生可以借助系统选择自己的课程”，表示“借助”应用介词by，做介词的宾语且指“系统”应用关系代词 which。故选 D。13、Is it the school _ you once studied for two years _ will be rebuilt with the help of the Hope Project?Awhere;thatBthat;whichCwhen;whichDwhich;that 答案：A 考查定语从句和强调句。句意：在希望工程的帮助下将要重建的是你曾经学习过两年的学校吗？第一空，分析句子结构，此题考查定语从句。先行词为 school，从句中缺少地点状语，应填关系副词 where 引导，第二空，“is it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分”为强调句的疑问句形式，应填 that。故填 A。14、That was the office _ they could look out to the sea.Afrom whichBfrom whereCthatDwhich 答案：A 考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：那就是他们可以眺望大海的办公室。分析句子结构可知“they could look out to the sea”是做定语修饰 office，所以它是定语从句，分析从句结构可知，句子成分完整，所以应用关系副词 where 引导从句，而 where=from which。故选 A 项。15、Sped skating is a competitive form of ice skating_ the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.Ain whichBfrom whichCon whichDat which 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：速滑是滑冰的一种竞技形式，选手们穿溜冰鞋进行一定距离的比赛。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰“a competitive form of ice skating”，指物，in a.form“以形式”，先行词作介词 in 的宾语，指物，用关系代词 which，还原定语从句为：in the competitive form the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates.故选 A。小提示：16、Liberty,equality,and fraternity are the ideals _ human beings have been fighting.Ato whichBagainst whichCwith whichDfor which 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：自由、平等、博爱是人类一直为之奋斗的理想。分析句子，此处考查介词加关系代词时，介词的选择。从句 fight 译为“奋斗”，根据句意译为“为.奋斗”为 fight for，是固定搭配。for 可提至关系代词which 前。故选 D 项。17、Notices in the waiting room requested that you can neither smoke _ shout loudly.AandBorCsoDnor 答案：D 考查并列连词辨析。句意：候车室里的告示要求你不能抽烟，也不能大声喊叫。A.and 和，跟；B.or 或者；C.so 所以；D.nor 也不。由语意可知，告示应要求人们既不能吸烟，也不能大声喊叫。neither nor为固定搭配，表示“既不也不”。故选 D 项。18、If a shopping mall has chairs_ women can park their men,women will spend more time in it.AwhichBthatCwhereDwhen 答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：如果商店有椅子，可供女人们安顿他们的丈夫，女人们在商店就会花更多时间。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词为 chairs，是地点，因此空格处用关系副词where，故选 C。19、That flood has been _ several times to prove that its important to take preventive_.Areferred to,actionsBreferred,measure Creferred,actionDreferred to,measures 答案：D 考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：人们多次提到那次洪水，以证明采取预防措施是很重要的。第一空表示“提到，提及”应用短语 refer to；结合上文“its important to take preventive”指采取预防措施，应用take measures,也可以说成 take action。故选 D。20、We will never forget the days _ I was taken good care of in that village.AthatBwhichCwhenDwhere 答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远不会忘记我在那个村子里受到照顾的日子。A.that 那个，引导从句；B.which 哪个；C.when 在那时；D.where 在哪里。根据句子结构，此句是定语从句。先行词是 the days，缺少关系词，在从句中作时间状语，故用 when 引导。故选 C。21、The U.S.and Russia have clashed over Russias ongoing military invasion of Ukraine,but space remains one area _ the two historic rivals still work together.AwhereBin whereCthatDas 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：美国和俄罗斯就俄罗斯对乌克兰的持续军事入侵发生了冲突，但是太空依旧是这两个历史上的竞争对手所需要合作的一个领域。“_ the two historic rivals still work together.”是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 area(领域)，且从句缺少地点状语 in the area，应用关系副词 where 来引导，故选 A。22、Offered the position of CEO,Mr Smith_,preferring to keep his current job.AstruggledBdeclinedCappliedDcharged 答案：B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在获得首席执行官这一职位后，史密斯拒绝了，他更愿意保持目前的工作。A.struggled 挣扎；B.declined 拒绝；C.applied 申请；D.charged 控诉，收费，充电。根据空格后可知，Mr.Smith 更愿意保持当前的工作，可知他拒绝了 CEO 这个职位。故选 B 项。23、Later in this chapter the case will be introduced to readers _ consumers support became a stream of motivation for improvement of the company.AwhoBwhenCwhichDwhere 答案：D 考查定语从句关系词。句意：之后，在这章中，这种案例将会被介绍给读者，在这种案例中，消费者的支持变成了对于公司提升的一股激励的清泉。A.who 谁，指代人；B.when 什么时候，指代时间；C.which 哪一个，指代物；D.where 什么地方，指代地点。分析从句结构，主语 consumers support 消费者的支持，系动词 became变成，表语 a stream of motivation 一股激励的清泉，结构完整，考虑关系副词。限制性定语从句修饰主句先行词 case，在从句中作状语成分 in the case，表示抽象地点，故选 D。24、There was a time _,if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train,a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer her his seat.AwhileBasCwhenDunless 答案：C 考查关系副词。句意：曾经有一段时间，如果女士上了拥挤的公共汽车或火车，男士会立即站起来给她让座。表示“曾经有一段时间”是 there was a time when，先行词是 time，在定语从句中作时间状语，用 when 引导定语从句。故选 C。25、It is in this very town,_Tom was born 40 years ago,_he will build a new school,_excites everyone in the town.Athat;that;whichBthat;where;thatCwhere;that;whichDwhere;when;that 答案：C 考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在这个 40 年前汤姆出生的小镇上，他将建造一所新学校，这使镇上的每个人都感到兴奋。第一空引导定语从句，先行词是 town，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导；第二空与前文“It is in this very town”构成强调句，强调地点状语“in this very town”，应用 that；第三空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 school，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词 which 引导。故选 C 项。26、We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before.Ain whichBto whichCwhatDwhich 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：我们来到了他们之前从没有参观过的地方。分析句子可知，paid a visit to为固定短语，意为“参观某地”，句中先行词为 place，在从句中作 paid a visit to 的宾语，故用 which，to which 在句中作状语引导定语从句。故选 B 项。27、The man _ you borrowed the camera has left for New York.AwhoBfrom whomCto whoDthat 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：你向他借相机的那个人已经去纽约了。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“man”，句中涉及固定短语“borrow sth.from sb.”，意为“向某人借某物”，先行词“man”在从句中作“from”的宾语，指人，故应用“介词 from+关系代词 whom”引导从句，空格处应填“from whom”。故选 B 项。28、When I said some students were so lazy,I _ to you.Adont referBwasnt referringCdidnt referDhasnt referred 答案：B 考查动词时态。句意：当我说有些学生懒惰的时候，我不是在说你。结合前后文语境可知，指过去的某一个时间点正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语为 I，谓语动词应用 was。故选 B。29、Newcomers can visit the school website _ they can have a vivid description of the after-class activities.AwhereBwhichCthatDwhat 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：新人可以访问学校的网站，在那里他们可以对课外活动有一个生动的描述。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词等于关系词，修饰先行词 the school website，先行词从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where，故选 A。30、The doctor _my sister is talking has just come from England.Awith whomBwith whoCwith whichDthat 答案：A 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。句意：和我姐姐谈话的那位医生刚从英国来。分析句子可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是 The doctor，指人，在从句中作 talk with 的宾语，with 可以提到关系代词的前面，即用“介词+关系代词”引导此定语从句，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人，只能用 whom，应用“with whom”引导此定语从句。故选 A 项。完成句子 31、尽管事实是一直在下大雨，但她仍然匆忙地出了门。_that it was raining heavily,she still went out hurriedly.答案：Despite the fact 考查介词。结合句意，“尽管”可用介词 despite 表示，“事实”可用名词 fact 表示，此处特指“一直在下大雨”这个事实，所以 fact 前面需加定冠词 the，表特指。分析句子结构可知，the fact 充当介词 despite 的宾语，that it was raining heavily 是 fact 的同位语从句。句首字母要大写。故填 Despite the fact。32、Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.（现在分词作结果状语）The government has recently introduced more cancer drugs,_ to be cured.政府最近引进了更多的癌症药物，使更多的病人得以治愈。答案：allowing more patients 考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。根据所给汉语提示可知，空处表示“使更多病人得以”，allow 是动词意为“使得以”，句中存在谓语动词 has introduced，这里使用非谓语动词形式，且逻辑主语是主句整句，与 allow 之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词形式作伴随状语，现在分词 allowing 的宾语是 more patients。故填allowing more patients。33、她向我们准确地形容过那房子。She _of the house.答案：gave us an accurate description 考查时态和固定短语。give sb.a description of 向某人描述，表示“准确”可以用形容词 accurate 修饰名词description，accurate 以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an 修饰。句子陈述过去事情，用一般过去时，give 使用过去式 gave。故填 gave us an accurate description。34、我们都知道成功由三个重要的因素组成：天分、勤奋和运气。What is well known to us all is that _.答案：success consists of/is made up of three important factors:talent,diligence and luck 考查名词、固定短语、时态和主谓一致。根据根据汉语意思，“成功”翻译为 success，“由组成”翻译为consist of 或 be made up of，“因素”翻译为 factor，“天分”翻译为 talent，“勤奋”翻译为 diligence，“运气”翻译为luck；根据前面主句的时态是一般现在时，后面表语从句的时态也应该是一般现在时；因为表语从句的主语success 是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数；factor 是可数名词，要用复数形式。故填success consists of/is made up of three important factors:talent,diligence and luck。35、乔治太穷了，满足不了他家人的物质需求。George is too poor to satisfy his familys _ _.答案：material needs/demands 考查固定短语。结合句意表示“物质需求”可知短语为 material needs/demands。故填 material needs/demands。36、尽管他经历了起起伏伏，但是他从未放弃。Though he has gone through _,he never _.答案：ups and downs quits/gives up 考查固定搭配和时态。第一空名词短语 ups and downs(起起伏伏)作宾语，第二空 quit/give up(放弃)做谓语动词，讲述现在的一般情况，时态用一般现在时，主语 he 第三人称，谓语单数形式。故填ups and downs quits/gives up。37、我们将去参观一座可以追溯到十二世纪的旧庙。(date back to)We are going to visit an old temple _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：dating back to the 12th century 考查非谓语动词、固定搭配和名词。分析句子结构空处应填非谓语动词的形式，表示“追溯到”应用 date back to，固定搭配，与 an old temple 之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词表主动，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词 temple，表示“十二世纪”应用名词短语 the12th century。故填 dating back to the12th century。38、良好的学习习惯，有用的技能和积极的态度同等重要。_ _ _are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.答案：Of equal importance 考查形容词，介词短语和倒装句式。通过分析句子结构以及结合句意可知，are 为系动词，good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude 作主语，该句为“表语+系动词+主语”倒装句，用于突出强调表语部分。另外，空格处意为“同等重要”，of+名词是介词短语，相当于名词所有格的作用，意为“.的”，具有形容词性，equal 为形容词，意为“平等的”，修饰名词 importance，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Of equal importance。39、杰克那时没有信心和勇气，这就是他放弃那个计划的原因。Jack had no confidence and courage at that time.That was the reason _ _ _ _ _ _.答案：why he gave up the plan 考查定语从句、时态和动词短语。分析句子结构可知，设空处为定语从句，用来修饰先行词 reason，作原因状语，由关系副词 why 引导；结合汉语提示，从句主语应使用代词 he；“放弃”应使用动词短语 give up，时态为一般过去时，应使用过去式，为 gave up；“那个计划”应使用名词 the plan。故填 why he gave up the plan。40、尽管下了大雨，她还是去购物了。_,she went shopping.（用介词）_,she went shopping.（用同位语从句）答案：Despite/Regardless of/In spite of the heavy rain Despite/In spite of the fact that it rained heavily 1.考查介词（短语）。根据句意及题目要求可知，此处使用介词或介词短语 despite/regardless of/in spite of，表示“尽管”，连接名词 the heavy rain“大雨”，作让步状语。故填 Despite/Regardless of/In spite of the heavy rain。2.考查同位语从句。根据句意及题目要求可知，此处使用介词或介词短语 despite/in spite of，连接名词 the fact，后接同位语从句 that it rained heavily。故填 Despite/In spite of the fact that it rained heavily。语法填空 41、The reason _she was fired was_ the boss was not satisfied with her job.（用适当的词填空）答案：why that 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：她被解雇的理由是因为老板对她的工作不满意。分析句子结构，“_she was fired”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the reason，先行词在从句中做原因状语，故第一个空填 why。“_ the boss was not satisfied with her job”是表语从句，从句中不缺成分，不缺含义，所以第二个空填that。The reason whyis that是惯用句型，译为“做的原因是”。故答案为 why 和 that。42、All the neighbours admire this family _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.(用适当的词填空)答案：where 考查定语从句。句意：邻居们都很欣赏这家人，他们的父母把孩子当朋友看待。定语从句修饰先行词 family，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。43、The news that_(globe)warming has affected the life of animals is rather depressing.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：global 考查形容词。句意：全球变暖影响动物生活的消息令人相当沮丧。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词 warming；globe 对应的形容词为 global“全球的”，global warming 意为“全球变暖”。故填 global。44、Little Tom has been looking forward to the big day _ he can show his talent at school.（用适当的词填空）答案：when 考查定语从句。句意：小汤姆一直盼望着在学校展示自己才能的那一天。句中先行词为 the big day，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词 when 引导。根据句意，故填 when。45、Have you ever read the book _ _ there are many pictures?（用适当的词填空）答案：in which 考查定语从句。句意：你读过那本有很多图片的书吗？设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 book，根据下文可知图片应该是在书上的，“在书上”应用 in the book，所以此处是介词 in+关系代词来引导这个定语从句，先行词是事物，且定语从句缺少介词 in 后面的宾语，所以引导词用 whicn，故填 in；which。46、The days are gone _physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(用适当的词填空)答案：when 考查定语从句。句意：体力是谋生所必需的日子已经一去不复返了。_ physical strength was all you needed to make a living 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the days，先行词是物，在从句中做时间状语，关系词用 when。故填 when。47、The film in _he played the leading role was a great success.(用适当的词填空)答案：which 考查定语从句。句意：他主演的那部电影非常成功。分析句子结构可知，介词 in 与设空处构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为 The film，指物，在从句中作状语，因而用 in which 引导。故填 which。48、In spring,a season _ we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.（用适当的词填空）答案：when 考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生命节奏的季节，我们中的许多人在大自然中找到了安慰。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词 season。故填 when。49、According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe)fertilizer（化肥）consumption.（所给单词适当形式填空）答案：global 考查形容词。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥消费总量的 30%。形容词 global 意为“全球的”，修饰名词 fertilizer 作定语，故填 global。50、The expert suggested that the problem which was referred _ at the meeting should be paid close attention to.(用适当的词填空)答案：to 考查动词短语。句意：这个专家建议会议上提出的这个问题应该得到密切关注。refer to 提到；谈及。故填refer to。