(试题附答案)高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识汇总笔记.pdf

(每日一练每日一练)（精选试题附答案）高中英语必修一（精选试题附答案）高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 知识知识汇总笔记汇总笔记 单选题 1、We should do all _ is useful to people.AwhoBthatCitDwhich 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A.who 谁；B.that 那个，引导从句；C.it 它；D.which 哪个。根据句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是 all，排除 D。引导词用 that，在从句中作主语。故选 B。2、The exact year _ Lucia and her family spent together in China was _ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.Awhich;whereBwhen;when Cwhich;whenDwhen;that 答案：C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是 year，指物，从句中的 spent 缺少宾语，应用关系代词 which/that 引导；第二空引导表语从句，从句需要时间状语，应用 when 引导。综上，故选 C。小提示：3、During the pandemic,all patients and their families,without _,must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.ApermissionBeffortCexceptionDaccess 答案：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在疾病大流行期间，所有患者及其家属，无一例外，在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A.permission 许可；B.effort 努力；C.exception 例外；D.access 通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知，句中强调的是所有患者及其家属，无一例外，“exception”意为“例外”，名词词性，“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选 C 项。4、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,_ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.AbecauseBas ifCalthoughDin case 答案：A 考查连词辨析。句意：回收能减少碳排放，因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A.because 因为；B.as if 好像；C.although 尽管；D.in case 以防。由语意可知，后面一个分句是前面分句的原因，用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选 A 项。5、The nurse will be _ when needed,so its unnecessary to worry about the patient.Ain the open airBon handCin shockDnow and then 答案：B 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：需要时护士会在旁边，所以不必担心病人。A.in the open air 在户外；B.on hand在场，在旁边；C.in shock 处于震惊之中；D.now and then 时而，有时。根据句意可知，不必担心病人，因为如果病人有需要，护士会在旁边，“on hand”意为“在跟前，在旁边”，符合句意。故选 B 项。6、Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.AwhoBof whomCwhoseDthat 答案：C 考查关系词。句意：不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知，此处为连词 whose 引导的限制性定语从句，先行词 Children 在从句中作定语成分，和从句中的主语 diet 为所属关系。故选 C 项。7、We study in a classroom _ windows face to the south.AwhoseBwhichCwhereDthat 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：我们在一间窗户朝南的教室里学习。本句考查定语从句，先行词为 a classroom，关系词在从句中充当定语成分，表示 the classrooms，应用 whose。故选 A 项。8、Some regional and international passenger flights remain _ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.AcrashedBconductedCsuspendedDsustained 答案：C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，直到另行通知。A.crashed 撞车；B.conducted 实施；C.suspended 暂停；D.sustained 维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧，一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停，应用 suspend。故选 C。9、Try to avoid such things _will do you harm,unless you dont care about the rumors from all directions.AthatBasCwhichDas that 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言，否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词 things 被 such 修饰，所以应用关系代词 as。故选 B。10、For many older people,especially those _health issues,poor eyesight makes_ almost impossible on small screens,and their leathery fingers makes _to use touch-screens.Asuffering,reading,it hardBsuffering from,reading,it hard Csuffering from,to read,hardDsuffering,to read,hard 答案：B 考查非谓语动词，代词 it，形容词和短语。句意：对于许多老年人，尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说，视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读，而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知，“_health issues”作定语，修饰 those，suffer from“患病”，suffer“遭受”，由 health issue“健康问题”可知，用 suffer from，与主语 those 是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语；“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法，作宾语用动名词 reading，不定式一般置后；空make 后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”，用形式宾语 it，接形容词hard 作宾语补足语，综上，故选 B。11、The Beatles,_ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.AwhatBthat ChowDas 答案：D 考查关系代词 as 引导的定语从句。句意：The Beatles，你们很多人都记得，来自利物浦。此处 as 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作 remember 的宾语，意为“正如”，表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what 用于引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that 引导限制性定语从句。how 引导名词性从句，意为“如何”。故选D。12、It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Black _ they did the experiment.Athat;whereBwhich;that Cwhom;thatDwhich;where 答案：B 考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：他们是在 Black 教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知，第一空引导定语从句，先行词是 lab，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 that 或 which 引导；第二空和句首的 It was 构成强调句型，被强调部分是地点状语 in the lab，故此处用 that。故选 B 项。13、The novel published last month,_ author was a 15-year-old girl,is a best-seller.AwhichBwhoCwhenDwhose 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：这本小说上个月出版，作者是一个 15 岁的女孩，是一本畅销书。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词 the novel。故选 D。14、Following the girl,we went into a hall,on _ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.AwhoseBitsCwhichDthat 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅，大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，指代 halls，意为“大厅的”，故使用 whose。故选 A。15、The Battle at Lake Chang jin(长津湖)is the most inspiring movie _ I have ever seen.AwhenBwhichCwhatDthat 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：长津湖是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“movie”，指物，前面有形容词最高级修饰，在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选 D项。16、Ill never forget the persons and places _ I visited yesterday.AthatBwhichCwhereDas 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词 the persons and places 在从句中充当宾语，应用关系代词，又先行词有人又有物，应用关系代词that，故选 A 项。小提示：本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：1.找出先行词：the persons and places 2.分析先行词在从句中充当的成分：先行词 the persons and places 在从句_ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语，应用关系代词 3.考虑特殊情况：先行词有人有物时应用关系代词 that 故选 A 项。17、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique_ into the influence of music on children,so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.AprivilegeBlibertyCinsightDemergency 答案：C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解，所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A.privilege 特权；B.liberty 自由；C.insight 洞察力，见解；D.emergency 紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知，此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选 C。18、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up,one of_purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.AitsBwhoseCwhomDwhich 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：1963 年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知，此处包含一个非限定性定语从句，由句意可知，句中先行词 the World Food Programme 在非限制性定语从句中作名词 purposes 的定语，所以用关系代词 whose 引导从句。故选 B。19、According to the scientists,the little polar bear will be the first _ the extreme cold.Ato surviveBsurvivingCto be survivingDsurvived 答案：A 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据科学家的说法，这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时，常使用不定式作后置定语；根据句意可知，此处陈述事实，应用不定式的一般式。故选 A。20、She took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in.AwhatBwhichCthatDof whom 答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知 she was interested in 为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知，先行词既指人又指物，且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词 that 引导。故选 C 项。21、The war and the suffering _ caused had great effects on him.AthatBwhichCasDit 答案：D 考查代词。句意：战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为the war and the suffering，谓语动词为 had，主谓之间为限定性定语从句，修饰名词 suffering；根据句意分析，是“战争”带来了痛苦，先行词 suffering，为物，在定语从句中作 caused 的宾语，从句可用关系代词 that 或which 引导，也可省略关系代词；但是定语从句还缺少主语 the war，此处选指示代词 it，指代 the war。本句完整的表达为：The war and the suffering(that/which)it caused had great effects on him.故选 D 项。22、The excitement of diving into the sea is hard to explain to _hasnt done it.AanyoneBthose whoCwhoever thatDsomeone who 答案：D 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：潜入大海的兴奋感很难向没有这样做过的人解释。根据句意及所给选项可知，anyone 可作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用 who/that 引导且不能省略，故 A 项错误；those作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在定语从句中作主语，可用 who 引导，who 指代 those，是复数概念，助动词应用have，故 B 项错误；whoever 引导句子作介词 to 的宾语，且在从句中作主语，连词 that 多余，故 C 项错误；someone 作介词 to 的宾语，关系词在从句中作主语，可用 who 引导，who 指代 someone，是单数概念，助动词用 have，故 D 项正确。故选 D。23、Playing football is so fun that it _millions of people.AattractsBexploresCremindsDsurvives 答案：A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：踢足球很有趣，它吸引了数百万人。A.attracts 吸引；B.explores 探索；C.reminds 提醒；D.survives 幸存。根据空前“Playing football is so fun”可知，因为踢足球有趣，所以吸引了数百万人。故选 A。24、He bought a new building _top is different from those of the others around.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhose 答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：他买了一幢新楼，它的顶部和周围其他的不同。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 building，_top is different from those of the others around 是定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作 top 的定语，指楼的顶部，用关系代词 whose 引导。故选 D。25、The solider _ arms are missing in the battle has just got a first class merit.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDwhich 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：那个在战斗中失去手臂的士兵刚刚获得一等功勋。分析句子可知，空处引导一个限制性定语从句，代替先行词 solider，指人，在从句中充当定语修饰从句主语 arms，所以应填关系代词 whose。故选A 项。26、It seems _ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.Aas ifBeven ifCin caseDif 答案：A 考查连接词。句意：似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像；B.even if 即使；C.in case 假使；D.if 如果。It seem as if.“看起来好像.，似乎.”，as if 引导表语从句。故选 A。27、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis,and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery _your pet needs a facelift.Ain caseBeven thoughCas ifDever since 答案：A 考查状语从句。句意：商店出售宠物裤和比基尼，如果你的宠物需要整容，医生会给它做整容手术。A.in case假如，如果；B.even though 虽然，即使；C.as if 犹如，好似；D.ever since 从那时起。根据句意，“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件，应用 in case 引导条件状语从句。故选A 项。28、I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.AasBthatCwhichDwhat 答案：A 考查定语从句。句意：我买了一件和她穿的一样的衣服。分析可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词 dress 被the same 修饰，且在从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词 as 引导。故选 A。小提示：29、Understanding the cultural habits of another nation,especially _ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.AwhichBoneCthatDit 答案：B 考查不定代词。句意：要了解一个国家的文化习惯，尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化，是很困难的。A.which 指代物；B.one 一个；C.that 指代人或物；D.it 它。通过句子结构判断，整句话中只有一个谓语动词 is，所以不能使用从句的引导词，排除 A 和 C，同时 it 指代的是同类同物，表示特指，不符合题意。整个句子的主语是 Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，one 作为同位语，泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的 containing as many different cultures as the United States 是对 one 进行修饰，使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选 B。30、This is the first birthday gift _ I received.Ive kept it many years.AwhichBthatCwhoDwhat 答案：B 考查定语从句。句意：这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词 gift 被序数词 first 修饰，所以应用关系代词 that。故选 B。完成句子 31、工作人员为那些家已被毁的幸存者建造住所。Workers built shelters for survivors_.答案：whose homes had been destroyed 考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知，此处涉及定语从句，先行词为 survivors，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为 whose，定语从句为过去完成时的被动语态，主语为 homes，谓语为 had been destroyed。故填whose homes had been destroyed。32、尽管遭受了洪灾，但他决不屈服。Even though he_ _ _,he would never give in.答案：suffered from flood 考查时态和名词。结合句意表示“遭受”可知短语为 suffer from，结合后文 would 可知用一般过去时，后跟名词flood 作宾语。故填 suffered from flood。33、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。This is _ I bought yesterday.答案：the same pen as 考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句 I bought yesterday，被 the same 修饰的先行词 pen，指物，在从句中作宾语，用关系代词 as，构成 the same.as(与一样)结构，表同类事物。故填 the same pen as。34、他写了一本书，我忘记了书的名字。He has written a book _ Ive forgotten.答案：whose name 考查定语从句。表示“书的名字”用 a books name，分析可知，空白及之后的内容为定语从句，先行词为 a book，作 name 的定语，所以关系词用 whose，结合汉语提示，故填 whose name 35、被困的矿工们就要放弃时，救援到了。The trapped miners were about to give up _.答案：when rescue came 考查时态，名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知，此处为 be about to do sth.when.句型，表示“正打算做某事，这时候”，由上文的 were 可知用一般过去时，rescue“救援”不可数名词，come“来”，故填 when rescue came。36、After the terrible earthquake,the homeless need_.可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。答案：not only food and water but also proper shelter 考查并列连词和名词。根据句意，空处应用并列连词“not onlybut also”并列名词“食物和水”food and water（不可数名词）和名词短语“合适的住所”proper shelter（此处 shelter 为抽象名词，不可数）。故填not only food and water but also proper shelter。37、为了隐藏他的悲伤，他说着笑着，似乎没有发生过任何事。(虚拟语气)In order to _,he talked and laughed _.答案：hide his sadness as if nothing had happened 考查动词原形和虚拟语气。in order to do sth.(为了做某事)，hide(隐藏)用动词原形形式，his sadness 作宾语，as if(似乎、好像)引导方式状语从句，由 talked and laughed 可知，与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词 happen 用过去完成时。故填hide his sadness；as if nothing had happened。38、一句多译 令全世界震惊的是，这架飞机起飞几分钟后就坠毁了。1._ was that the plane crashed just minutes after take-off.（主语从句）2.The plane crashed just minutes after take-off,_.（定语从句）答案：What shocked the world which shocked the world 1.考查主语从句。“令震惊”应该翻译为 shock，根据要求用主语从句翻译“令某人是”，应该用连接代词what 引导这个主语从句；根据后面的 was，主语从句应该用过去时。故翻译为 What shocked the world。2.考查定语从句。“令震惊”应该翻译为 shock，根据要求用定语从句翻译“飞机坠毁”这件事“令世界震惊”，要用一个关系代词代指逗号前的“飞机坠毁”这件事，并且引导非限制性定语从句，只能用 which；根据前面主句的时态是一般过去时，从句应该用一般过去时。故翻译为 which shocked the world。39、每天早晨他在户外散步一个小时。Every morning he walks _ _ _ _ for an hour.答案：in the open air 考查介词短语。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为介词短语 in the open air“在户外”作地点状语，满足句意要求。故分别填 in；the；open；air。40、他一挥手把眼镜碰到地上摔碎了。With a _ of his hand he sent the glasses _ to the floor.答案：sweep crashing 考查名词和现在分词。根据第一空前的冠词 a 可知，设空处应填入名词 sweep，意为“挥动”，作 with 的宾语；“碰撞”是 crash，句中已有谓语动词 sent，所以设空处用非谓语动词作宾补，crash 与 glasses 是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填 sweep;crashing。语法填空 41、Many houses _(destroy)and worse still,many people were injured or some even killed.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：were destroyed 考查动词语态。句意：许多房屋被毁，更糟的是，许多人受伤，甚至一些人死亡。destroy 与主语 Many houses是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由 many people were injured or some even killed 可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语是复数，be 动词用 were。故填 were destroyed。42、I dont know how you all manage to survive _ your small salary.(用适当的词填空)答案：on 考查固定短语。句意：我不知道你们靠那微薄的薪水是怎么活下来的。根据句意表示“靠活下来”短语为survive on。故填 on。43、To our shock,the plane lost track of the airport and then crashed with no one_(survive).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：surviving 考查非谓语动词。句意：令我们震惊的是，飞机与机场失去了联系，然后坠毁了，无人生还。此处是 with 复合结构，no one 与 survive 是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作宾语补足语。故填 surviving。44、What followed was a _(summarise)of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.（所给词的适当形式填空）答案：summary 考查名词。句意：接下来是对这一天的总结，充满了爱或恨等强烈的感觉。根据句意和空格前的冠词 a 以及所给动词 summarize 可知，空格处应该填入可数名词 summary 的单数形式作表语。故填 summary。45、Thirty miners are still trapped _ the mine following yesterdays explosion.(用适当的词填空)答案：in 考查介词。句意：自昨天爆炸以来，仍有三十名矿工被困于矿井中。短语 be trapped in“陷入困境，被困在”符合句意。故填 in。46、He sat down on the floor,_(bury)his face in his hands.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：burying 考查非谓语动词。句意：他坐在地板上，双手掩着脸。空处应填非谓语动词的形式，句子主语 He 与 bury 之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，作伴随状语。故填 burying。47、In the area one out of three residents_(affect)by this quake.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：was affected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在这个地区，三分之一的居民受到了这次地震的影响。分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，句子的主语 one out of three residents 和动词 affect 之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；one of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词和 one 保持数的一致；根据句意，句子应该用一般过去时。故填was affected。48、When fat and salt are removed from food,the food tastes as _ it is missing something.(用适当的词填空)答案：if#though 考查表语从句。句意：当脂肪和盐从食物中去除时，食物尝起来就好像（它）缺少了什么。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用连接词 as if/though，意为“好像”，跟在系动词 taste 之后，引导表语从句。故填 if 或 though。49、The way _my cousin told me proved to be the best one to finish the work on time.（用适当的词填空）答案：that#which 考查定语从句。句意：表姐告诉我的方法被证明是按时完成工作的最好方法。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 way，从句中缺少宾语，指物，应用 that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which。50、In such dry weather,the flowers will be watered if they are_(survive).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案：to survive 考查非谓语动词。句意：在如此干燥的天气里，花要想存活就得浇水。分析句子结构可知，空格处在 if 引导的条件状语从句中作表语，故动词 survive“幸存，活下来”要用非谓语动词的形式。结合句意，此处表示“将要存活下来”，故用不定式形式表将来。故填 to survive。