2018届高考英语知识点强化训练3.doc

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As a parent, you cant do this, because you and your child arent equals.For example, when youre sitting on your family room floor and your very young child asks you to pass him the blocks, you probably hand them right over. If your child is sitting with a peer and asks the same thing, though, he might not get what he wants.To succeed, your child will need to learn strategies for getting what he wants. For example, he might simply yank (猛拉) the toy out of his friends hand. If he does that, he may learn that its not the best way of getting what he wants because it leads to fighting and timeouts. The successful child will learn that he needs to negotiate a trade, to wait patiently, or to find something else equally fun to play with.Friends also provide emotional support, something that is part of the foundation of healthy adulthood. You cant be with your child on the elementary school playground or at the high school dance. Your childs friends will be the ones to stick_up_for her, to include her in games, and later, to tell her she looks great even if her lousy prom (糟糕的舞会) date wanders off instead of dancing with her.Friends also help your children learn. Friends solve problems together, imitate each other, and pass on knowledge.Some experts believe that the single biggest predictor of your childs success later in life is her ability to make friends. In fact, they claim its even more important than IQ and grades.This doesnt mean that the kids who are most popular in school do the best later on in life. What matters is not the number of friends a child has but rather the quality of the relationships.This is good news for those of us who hate to think that popularity really is the Holy Grail of childhood and adolescence. While its true that popularity has many advantages, and that many popular kids really are nice people and not just the best dressed or best looking its better to have a few good friends than to have the admiration of the masses.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子们会从和朋友的相处中学到许多大人怎么想教都教不会的事，所以真正的好朋友对一个人的成长至关重要。1By giving the example in Paragraph 3, the author wants to show that _.Akids can learn how to deal with the relationships when they stay with their peersBparents should spend more spare time playing with their kidsCkids should learn how to be polite when they ask their parents for helpDparents can teach their kids how to be good members in the modern society in their daily life解析：选A推理判断题。一般而言，在议论文中，举例都是为了证明作者的观点。由此可知，第三段所举例子是为了证明第二段作者的观点，即“Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships.”。故选A。2What does the underlined phrase “stick up for” in the fifth paragraph mean?AEnvy.BOppose.CSupport. DIgnore.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据本段第一句中的“Friends also provide emotional support”可知，此处将家长与同龄朋友进行比较是为了说明同龄朋友会给孩子们以情感上的支持。由此可知，画线词意为“支持”。故答案选C。3In the authors opinion, _ is more important than being popular for kids.Agetting high gradesBhaving some real friendsCdeveloping a good habitDknowing how to dress themselves up解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章最后三段可知，朋友的质量比朋友的数量、智商、分数和外表都重要。故选B。4Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Bridge the Generation GapBWhat It Takes to Be a Good FriendCWhy Friends Are ImportantDHow to Be Popular in School解析：选C标题归纳题。文章的中心段是第一段，由此结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了同龄朋友对孩子成长的重要性。故选C。B(2016山东省日照市校际联合检测)“Friendly doctors are bad for their patients health，” researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like.Blurring (使变得模糊不清) the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects.“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook, and they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names，” regulators have warned. “Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.”It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists (肿瘤学家) under the age of 40, finding 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they like. Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients, it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a persons care.Lesley Fallowfield of Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master the means of dealing with anxious patients who are facing a lifethreatening disease, conveying the true prognosis (预断), discussing the complexity of modern treatments, and explaining the unavailability of some drugs, the side effects of treatments, and likely treatment aims.”But she also said, “Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the Internet world are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients.”She said，“The difficulty, if you hug and kiss patients, if you allow them to call you by your first name, is that quickly the relationship can become confusing as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused, I really like these people, how can I bear to tell them that theyre going to die？ They find it more difficult to be objective.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最新研究表明，医生的态度友善反而对患者的治疗不利，因此医生和患者之间需要保持适当的距离。5Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients health?ABecause they dont like to cheat patients.BBecause they are not good at treating patients.CBecause they find it not easy to be objective to the patients.DBecause they seldom blur the relationship with patients.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like”及最后一段中的“They find it more difficult to be objective.”可知，三分之二的年轻医生很难对他们喜欢的病人讲实话，他们很难客观地对待病人，这样对患者的治疗不利，故选C项。6What should doctors do according to the regulators?AAdd patients as friends on Facebook.BHave a close connection with patients in life.CAlways be cold to patients.DKeep patients at a proper distance.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章的第三段可知，医生应该避免在脸谱网上添加患者为朋友，他们也不应该拥抱病人或让病人直呼他们的名字，即医生应该和病人保持适当的距离，故选D项。7Which opinion will Lesley Fallowfield agree with?AOncology is a rewarding profession without challenges.BThe Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries.CIts not the doctors duty to deal with patients anxiety.DBecoming friends with patients will help them recover soon.解析：选B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Those doctors who have entered . boundaries with patients.”可推知，网络使得医生更容易模糊与病人之间的职业分界线，故选B项。8Young oncologists will face the following challenges EXCEPT _.Adealing with a lot of lifethreatening diseasesBdiscussing difficulties of treatments with patientsCexplaining the unavailability of some medicinesDinforming patients of the possible results of the treatments解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Young oncologists have to master . and likely treatment aims.”可知，B、C、D三项表述正确；年轻的肿瘤学家需要掌握如何对待面临生命威胁的焦虑病人，A项“处理很多威胁生命的疾病”表述错误。故选A项。C (2016华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.Tu shared the prize with Irishborn William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary antiroundworm treatment. 84yearold Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients suffering and promoting mankinds health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tus dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malariafriendly parasites (寄生虫). However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesnt have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “threenoes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and shes never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred Chinas national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tus recordbreaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.语篇解读：中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无”(无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历)获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。9We can know from the text that _.ATu worked at home and abroad to conduct her researchBTu got the Nobel Prize for her antiroundworm treatmentCthe Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her workDher discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“shes never worked overseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行antiroundworm treatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。10The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with_.Aa sense of national prideBrelevant academic knowledgeCa desire to achieve successDenthusiasm for scientific research解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。11In writing the passage, the author intends to_.Ainform readers of the news and make commentsBdiscourage the pursuit of instant success in scienceCremind readers of the principles of scientific researchDpraise the award winner and encourage scientific research 解析：选A写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。D(2016济南一中第一学期期中质量检测)Square dancing is a form of entertainment and physical exercise, which is a good thing. However, a group of senior Chinese ladies dancing in New Yorks Sunset Park were recently faced with noise complaints from nearby residents. The local court even served a summons (传票) related to a certain Ms. Wang. The news soon caused heated discussion across China, with many believing the incident to involve a cultural conflict between the East and West, while others view it as a form of discrimination against Chinese in the United States. The United States is a diverse society, and in many cases, Chinese dancers are tolerated and even appreciated. Meanwhile, the United States is a society based on the rule of law, and due to cultural differences, local regulations seem to be very different from those in China. As a result, some old Chinese ladies dancing in New Yorks Sunset Park found themselves caught in an embarrassing situation. Locals and immigrants from other nations view such noise as a violation of their right to enjoy tranquillity. Calling the police is regarded as the most efficient way to solve such a problem. Before, these ladies probably did not understand local customs and rules. However, since the incident took place, they should perhaps know a little better next time and keep the noise to a minimum. People from different nations are often supposed to reach compromises, respecting and tolerating each other. Whatever your choice of entertainment is, it is important not to affect other peoples lives. Square dancing is only one of many activities during which people should mind their behavior.As for US. police practice, there might still be some room for improvement. Some were said to be rather rude, leading to the socalled “racial discrimination”， which is a sensitive topic in US. society. If the involved parties could be more tolerant, and solve such problems without involving the court, perhaps immigrants would mix more. 语篇解读：人们对于广场舞褒贬不一，本文通过中国大妈在纽约跳广场舞的事例总结出人们应换位思考，相互理解、相互包容。 12The writer mentions the incident in Paragraph 1 to _.Ashow his opinion Bmake complaintsCbring up the topic Dcriticize the local police解析：选C推理判断题。作者提到了中国大妈在纽约广场跳广场舞，其目的是提出话题以引起人们的注意。故选C。13The underlined word “tranquillity” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “_”Aentertainment BquietnessCfreedom Dquality解析：选B词义猜测题。通过画线词所在的句子可知，tranquillity和noise相对，应表示“平静，安静”，故选B。14What will the senior Chinese ladies most probably do after the incident?AGo back to China.BFight for their right. CAsk America to change its law. DKeep the noise the lowest.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“However, since the incident took place, they should perhaps know a little better next time and keep the noise to a minimum.”可知，中国大妈会把音量降到最低。故选D。15Whats the writers attitude towards senior Chinese ladies dancing in New Yorks Sunset Park?AHe thinks all parties involved should be more tolerant.BHe strongly supports the action of the local police.CHe considers it a shame for senior Chinese ladies to do so.DHe suggests such kind of problem should be solved in the court.解析：选A推理判断题。作者在文章的第四段提到了应互相包容(tolerating each other)，在最后一段又提到包容(tolerant)，故选A。 .阅读七选五(2016河南省高考适应性测试)How to Be a Good FriendA good friend, who wouldnt want one? Ever felt yours just not good enough but dont know where to improve? _1_ I used to annoy a lot of my friends before, just for the sake o