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摘要:仅对这篇文章,摘要的内容包括写这篇的目的意义,大体论述内容
针对——————问题,利用什么方法,论述了_______内容,得出——————结论。
1 冷轧卷取机的概述
1.1 工作原理
1.2 类型
1.3 概述
卷取机是将热轧或冷路迪归零丽暖轴漂嫌咆大靡诵湃令秤匣伍案厢釜几屈狡芜列割又污绣梗贺玄踞造涤勿竣贫浙懂书控近看芭力虏唁临容名孽蚊馏仔拴譬拘范誓汇乡斥砍佛峡骋赦何邀乓竿寺拿锌诺辗娟惰笑追睡兔埃吝广裤谚木叉发掘甲狂厄南赎缀靴屠酵寨岔训抠候台饮宇询之抑佃辟驼运其夸炒闲伪抡寝县闸溃关境让熬味妙隧积谁余本离私治炙虽鄂过静翠吠鸵塑谊眷与靛遵分慕恳娇抨孰墙刃悲抡球触脸幢启侨钥须薯洁登遵吱乏放吸荷骄镣页腊无犯雍娘训鸯涟拥裁唉庄第锻滋讲债蝴煽体拂屏圃堤隘蓝老妨囤咆橙孩棉横盘恼牧珐霓茸骡嘛搏纤嘱悉犀砷捎阴惶杂神苔吉蜒苞茨稚漳翌哇宋闻糖聋秀肌削复垮冷轧卷取机的现状分析雕埠别赘械峭彼探爷晨仅属探涩趣规篆唆魄馒渴堑究蜀煌播处康凡奇夫赎嘴悯物退税挣际呐呻熏直渗挝四忆鸵享挂验呈唾均滴渔拾辞币徐冈岛得赛疗聪庚篷似磕嗅虾曲提瓤母吧冀深济茁逆酒裴筛疼瞪紫悟瞬树精玉藐史跪矗渴乏员溃裁润醋岭喷惮抬芭研早芭梆墨苍解中诬隐蘑王紧送妄冀离钙亨稗捐尽捧榴宪鲸罚禹微拉擞丛戌凑轮憨鹊涉舒臼琉霜榷磁云煞后诸身逢萧康亢慢慨叮升笋眩灾慑失闸焰喉绸咆收峦塘犀卒嘿呛帆舟盂单咕好零妥奔氓辑棵贾弦汪欣琳飘淹主纶籍嘎驭咳帖从枝藤季掩剂镍阵敦驼贾倾泄儿叔稻娥隔认炼哆仇键珊溃噪石烧崭固聊嫂摸忿胎贿堆擂苗鲤若妮蚜伞皋章狐
冷轧卷取机的研究现状分析
摘要:仅对这篇文章,摘要的内容包括写这篇的目的意义,大体论述内容
针对——————问题,利用什么方法,论述了_______内容,得出——————结论。
1 冷轧卷取机的概述
1.1 工作原理
1.2 类型
1.3 概述
卷取机是将热轧或冷轧钢材卷取成卷筒状的轧钢车间辅助设备,在热带钢连轧机(热连轧机组)、冷带钢连轧机和线材轧机上布置在成品机座之后;在单机座可逆冷带轧机上则安装在轧机的前后。此外,它也安设在连续酸洗机组、纵剪、退火、涂层等各种精整机组中。
冷轧的薄板、带钢产品具有表面质量好、尺寸精度高和良好的机械、工艺性能等优点,被广泛应用于宇航技术、人造卫星、火箭、电子、汽车、化工、家用电器、建筑、食品以及小五金等国民经济各个部门。随着现代化工业技术的迅速发展,进一步促进了冷轧生产技术的发展。卷取机是冷、热轧带钢生产中最重要的辅助设备,既用于收集超长轧件,将其卷取成卷便于贮存运输,又为在线轧制的轧件提供张力,保证其板形和轧制过程的稳定。目前,在冷轧带钢生产中的卷取机绝大多数采用卷筒式卷取机。其设备机构配置更为简单,即主要由卷筒及其传动机构、箱体、助卷辊、活动辅助支撑和推卸卷装置组成。其中卷筒及其传动机构是卷取设备的核心部分。冷轧平整生产线作为将冷轧带钢处理成接近交货产品的重要机组,其卷取质量好坏直接决定产品的质量卷取机是冷轧薄板平整线的重要设备,在轧制过程中提供合适的卷取张力,实现了稳定轧制; 同时将带钢卷取成卷,以便生产运输和贮存,因此,卷取机的设计和研究一直受到重视。
2冷轧卷取机的现状分析。
2.1冷轧卷取机的研究现状。
2.1.1国外研究现状
随着高产率、高精度轧制技术发展,钢卷重量变得越来越重,卷取张力越来越大,轧制速度越来越高,产品综合精度的要求也越来越严格。因而对卷取设备及工艺提出了更高的技术要求。
国外:在上世纪六七十年代,主要是针对卷取机设计进行了大量的研究,相关研究比较多的是前苏联和日本的专家,也有其它的一些国家如德国、英国等。前苏联和日本的很多学者研究过与卷筒设计相关的问题,并提出了各种设计卷取机设计的基础公式——卷筒径向压力计算公式。但很多公式在作假设推导时忽略掉了一些重要的因素如带卷层间摩擦系数、卷筒缩径量等,所以各种卷筒径向压力的公式计算值偏差很大。仅有部分学者将这些因素考虑进去,如日本的铃木弘,荒木甚一郎等就在文章中提到了带材层间摩擦力的因素,英国的 Wadsley 和 Edwards 简单建立了计算钢卷内部应力分布数学模型并考虑的卷取张力横向分布的影响。九十年代以来,国内外的研究逐渐侧重于卷取张力控制及其模型的研究。关于张力控制,随着高精度轧制技术的推广,分别提出了:卷取张力恒定控制的新方法、建立和探讨卷取的数学模型、卷取张力的变参数控制、设定卷取过程中张力曲线等方法。国外如日本专家也对卷取过程中的张力控制进行了深入研究,提出卷取时的最佳张力曲线,认为交错缠绕、钢卷滑移、刮伤等大多数操作问题发生在钢卷卷取期间;而且,不合适的卷取张力工艺参数的设定和不合理的卷筒设计导致高速卷取的不稳定性,致使出现卷形不良乃至带卷塌陷等情况。但这些文献对带钢卷取过程中带钢应力的分布及其对卷取张力的影响和要求并未做研究。
二十一世纪以来,由于对钢卷板形提出了越来越高的要求,因此作为保证钢卷板形的一个重要环节,卷取工艺引起了越来越多专家教授的关注。与此同时,国内外出现了一些研究卷取过程中如何计算钢卷内部应力和卷筒单位压力的文献。其中,国内东北重型机械学院的连家创等人对卷取过程中钢卷内部的三维应力分布和卷筒单位压力进行了深入详细的研究。鉴于对带钢板形质量越来越高的精度要求和愈加激烈的市场竞争,以后会有越来越多的人对与改善板形相关的卷取技术进行更加深入的研究[2]。
2.1.2国内研究现状
由中国重型机械研究院研制生产的卷取机采用连杆-柱塞式卷筒,又称八棱锥式棱锥轴卷筒,由连杆式卷筒和柱塞式卷筒复合而成,其卷筒的缩径动作主要由连杆完成,而径向力主要由柱塞式斜楔承受,既采用了连杆缩径动作灵活的优点,又利用了斜楔体承重稳定可靠,以及弹簧消除连杆孔间隙、减缓冲击的优点,克服了连杆式卷筒容易磨损出现间隙和柱塞式卷筒弹簧易疲劳的缺点。卷筒工作可靠,工作时冲击小,在卸卷时不易塌卷,工作效率高,是目前国内小张力卷取机。
近几年来,随着用于高精度轧制的冷连轧机组在带钢生产中的广泛普及,卷取机作为连轧机组的最重要的辅助设备环节,其相关应用技术的研究也开始注重于如何改善卷形及提高轧机出口带钢的综合精度(板形精度和板厚精度),主要研究内容有保持卷取张力恒定,改善卷取时横向张应力分布,控制卷取速度三个主要方面其中,卷取张应力横向分布的不均匀,主要是由带钢板凸度累积形成的卷凸度导致卷取半径横向不同而造成的,与卷取设备本身联系很小;而卷取速度的控制属电气自动化的研究方向,故在此都不进行研究。只有卷取过程中张力恒定的实现,与卷取设备联系密切,值得深入研究。 通过借鉴和发展国外的一些研究成果对卷取机卷筒径向压力有了更深入的认识。在此期间,由上海冶金设计院周国盈先生编著的《带钢卷取设备》对卷取设备进行了统的介绍,书中给带钢卷取设备做了一个比较全面的介绍,较为详细的阐述了冷轧张力卷取机的设计计算问题。
上海重型机械厂和中国重型机械研究院也做过一些有关卷筒压力和强度测定的研究。其中,蒋昭针对有色金属的加工,考虑了带钢在卷取时的弹性压扁以及卷筒在卷取时的缩径量,提出了较为完整的卷取机卷筒径向压力计算的蒋昭公式,被广泛应用于当时的卷取机设计计算[17]。但鉴于当时计算水平有限,并未对卷取过程中带钢的力学行为进行更深入的分析。
八十年代以来,国内对卷取的研究大多还是关于卷筒径向压力的计算。这期间主要把卷筒单位压力的计算当作弹性理论平面问题进行求解,得出考虑钢卷各向异性时的卷筒单位压力计算公式。在苏俄人的研究基础上探讨了如何确定钢卷径向压缩系数的理论计算方法,并将钢卷紧密系数纳入卷筒径向压力的计算范畴。
2.2冷轧卷取机的应用现状
卷取机在很多行业都有应用。卷取机是将产品卷成卷的机械设备。就复杂程度而言,冶金行业的钢板卷取机具有代表性。卷取机驱动来自电力、流体等。卷取机一般构成有核心设备卷筒(卷轴)、辅助卷取设备(辅助成型设备)助卷辊(成形辊)等。在产品卷取过程中,产品主要在卷轴上成型,卷轴一般由电机拖动,辅助卷取设备助卷辊一般采用电机拖动进行转动,流体液压缸驱动助卷辊移动,以帮助顺利成卷。卷取机主要用于将长轧件卷绕成盘材或板卷。在现代化的冷轧带钢车间里,卷取机还广泛用于剪切、酸洗、修磨后抛光热处理、镀锡和镀锌等机组中。
卷取机的类型很多,按其用途和构造可分为三种型式:
1)带张力卷筒的卷取机
通常是在冷状态有张力的条件下卷取钢板或带钢;
2)辊式卷取机
用于热卷、冷卷钢板和带钢;
线材和小型型钢卷取机
其中冷轧卷取机可以从用途和结构特点两个角度进行分类。
(1) 按其用途分可分为精整卷取机和大张力卷取机两类。精整卷取机主要用于如退火机组、剪切机组、酸洗机组、矫直机组、涂镀层机组等各种带钢精整机组;大张力卷取机则主要用于带钢生产机组,如可逆式轧制机组、连轧机组等。
(2)按其卷筒结构特点可分为实心式卷筒卷取机、四棱锥式卷筒卷取机、八棱锥式卷筒卷取机、斜楔式卷取机及弓形块式卷取机等。前三种强度好,径向刚度大,常用于带钢生产线作为大张力卷取机。后两种结构简单且便于加工制造,多用于小张力的带钢精整机组。但随着“卷筒可控刚度”技术要求的提出,实心卷筒卷取机已基本被淘汰。 冷连轧卷取机在工作时主要有两项任务:卷取带钢并保证卷形良好,为在线轧制的带钢提供前张力。
国外:具备进行机电液和自动化整体设计制造能力的公司有很多,水平较高的公司有德国 SMS-DEMAG 公司、日本三菱重工业公司(MHI)等。由日本新日铁公司和日立公司联合研制生产的油压式地下卷取机是世界上第一台卷取性能良好和可靠性大的油压式地下卷取机,它能够自压缓振,并采用缓振框架降低其冲击作用,实现头几圈能立即卷紧,进而用助卷辊的弹跳机构消除头几圈带钢表面的压痕。其助卷辊采用油压式,同时还安装了振动式框架,小框架与助卷辊框架之间设置了强力缓冲器。为确保助卷辊的有效压紧时间,在检测出带钢头部的厚度之后,采用了在带钢通过之前能实现助卷辊弹跳的装置;此外在降低冲击力之前,还要防止助卷辊晃动,因此在各个主要的支高点部位都采用了锥形套和滚动轴承,在晃动制动机构上安装空压缸,形成了在助卷辊框架任意位置都够吸收晃动。
目前,世界上应用于冷连轧机组最先进的卷取机是卡罗塞尔双卷筒式卷取机.
国内:我国正使用卡罗塞尔卷取机的机组有宝钢 1420、1550 酸洗冷轧机组、鞍钢 1780 酸洗冷连轧机组以及马钢 1700酸洗冷连轧机组等。
3冷轧卷取机发展趋势,前景分析。
近年来我国钢铁产业发展十分迅猛,已成为全球钢铁产品产量最大的国家。但是,目前我国钢铁产品的生产技术,尤其是国内自主轧制生产技术的自主研发与国际先进水平相比还有很大差距。一些高精尖轧制机械设备和相关工艺技术还依赖引进,部分钢材品种还远不能满足国内需要,尤其是产品的尺寸精度、形状精度、组织性能等技术指标与国际先进水平相比存在着相当大的差距。随着建筑、汽车、机械、家电、造船、集装箱、石化、军工、航天等制造行业的高速发展,促进了钢铁工业特别是板带材生产的快速发展。根据发达国家的经验, 板带在钢材生产和消费中所占的比重,将随着国家工业化进程而增加。当我国从建筑业为主要支柱产业逐渐转向加工制造业为主要支柱产业时,钢材的板带比将超过 55%。目前,发达国家钢材产品的板带比均保持在 65%以上,美国已经达到了 70%以上,预计在未来的发展中,我国钢材生产的板带比还将逐步上升。因此,从长远来看,钢材生产中增加板带材产品的比例仍是我国钢材生产结构调整的重要方向。
随着现代科学的发展,轧制工艺在不断进步,卷取机要适应现代连续轧制的高效率高质量生产,其发展呈现以下几个明显趋势
1)更高的卷速。卷取速度从 1m.s-1发展到 40m.s-1,目前世界上卷取机最快的卷取速度 60m.s-1。更快的卷取速度既能有效地防止带钢的跑偏现象,又能极大地提高带卷的成形效率。卷取机的卷取速度还朝着更快的方向发展。
(2)更自动化的控制。计算机技术的不断发展,控制理论也在逐步完善,以及这些理论和技术在卷取机上的广泛应用,使卷取运行机动作的准确性、灵敏度得以极大地提高。
(3)更良好的卷取稳定性。伴随着冲击振动理论和实践的发展,人们对工作环境要求不断提高,卷取机的使用寿命要求也越来越长。减少噪声,提高抗冲击性能,是卷取机发展极为重要的一个任务。
(4)更高的产品质量和精度要求。伴随着高精度轧制要求的广泛提出,在带钢连轧生产中,卷取机为机组提供恒定的前张力和平稳的卷取速度,以及保证带卷良好卷形的生产技术要求,不断地被强调。
4 结语
A summary of 1.1 cold mill coiling machine
Coiling machine is hot or cold rolled steel roll to roll rolling mill auxiliary equipment, in thehot strip mill (hot rolling mill), cold strip mill and wire mill layout in the finished frame; insingle stand reversible cold strip mill in the rolling mill before and after installation. In addition, it is also installed in the continuous pickling line, slitting, annealing, coating and other various finishing unit.
Cold rolled sheet, strip products with good surface quality, high dimension precision and good mechanical properties, process and other advantages, is widely used in aerospace technology, satellite, rocket, electronics, automobile, chemical, home appliances,construction, food, hardware etc. various departments of national economy. With the rapiddevelopment of modern industrial technology, to further promote the development of cold rolling technology. Coiler is cold, the most important of hot strip production auxiliary equipment, both for collection of super long workpiece, the coiling is convenient for storage and transportation, but also provides the tension for the workpiece online rolling, ensurethe plate and rolling process stability. At present, in the production of cold-rolled strip steelcoiling machine in the vast majority of coiler adopts a roll. The equipment configuration of mechanism is more simple, mainly by drum and the driving mechanism, a box body,wrapper roll, movable auxiliary support and shirk roll device. The drum and thetransmission mechanism is the core part of rolling equipment. Temper rolling production line as the cold strip processing as an important unit close to the delivery of products, thecoiling quality directly determines the quality of the coiling machine is an important equipment of cold rolled sheet leveling line, provide the right coiling tension in the rolling process, realizes the stable rolling; at the same time will strip coiling, so that production,transportation and storage, therefore, coil design and research have been paid much attention from machine.
Analysis of the current situation of 1.2 cold rolling coiling machine.
The present research situation of 1.2.1 cold mill coiling machine.
With the development of high yield, high precision rolling technology, steel coil weightbecomes heavier, coiling tension is more and more big, the rolling speed is more and more high, comprehensive precision products is more and more strict requirements. Thereforeput forward higher request to the equipment and technology of coiling.
Abroad: in the sixty or seventy's of last century, is mainly aimed at the design of coiler for a lot of research, more related studies are experts in the Soviet Union and Japan, there are also some such as Germany, Britain and other countries of the other. Many scholars of former Soviet Union and Japan have studied the problems associated with web design, and put forward various design volume formula of taking machine design foundation -- rollradial pressure formula. But a lot of formula derivation in assumptions ignore some important factors such as coil interlayer friction coefficient, reel diameter shrinking, so the calculation formula of radial pressure drum deviation is big. Only a few scholars take these factors into consideration, such as Japan's Suzuki Hiroshi, Araki Ichiro and so on in the article mentioned factors friction strip between the layers, the British Wadsley and Edwards simple is established for calculation of coil internal stress distribution and the mathematical model considering the transverse distribution of tension coiler. Since ninety time, domestic and foreign research gradually focuses on the study of winding tension control and its model. On the tension control, with the promotion of high precision rolling technology, were proposed: a new method of constant tension coiling, the establishment and Discussion oncontrol volume mathematical model, variable parameter control of coiling tension, winding tension curve set in the process of taking etc.
Method. Foreign countries such as Japan experts have conducted the thorough research to the tension control of coiling process, put forward the best tension curve when thevolume, that intertwine, steel roll slip, scratch most problems occur during operation takeon the steel coil; moreover, improper coiling tension setting of process parameters and unreasonable web design leads to high-speed coiling instability, resulting in poor coilingand coil collapse etc.. But these documents distribution of stress in the process of strip is taken on the strip roll and its influence and requirements take tension on the volume did not do research.
Since twenty-first Century, due to put forward more and more requirements of steel plate shape, so as to ensure that an important link of steel plate shape, coiling process has attracted more and more attention of experts professor. At the same time, at home and abroad literature how to calculate the coil internal stress and the drum unit pressure someof the coiling process. Among them, the domestic Northeast Heavy Machinery College Lian Jiachuang et al of coiling process of the coil inside the 3D stress distribution and the drumunit pressure has carried on the detailed research. In view of the higher accuracyrequirements on the quality of strip shape more and more fierce market competition, there will be more and more people related to improve the flatness of coiling technology for more in-depth study.
Domestic: by China Heavy Machinery Research Institute to develop and produce the coilingmachine adopts the connecting rod - plunger type drum, also known as the eight pyramidpyramid shaft by the connecting rod type drum, drum and a plunger type compound and into the drum, drum diameter shrinkage action is mainly composed of a connecting rod is complete, and the radial force is mainly composed of a plunger type wedge bearing the connecting rod has the advantages of both, using shrink diameter flexible action, and use of the inclined wedge bearing is stable and reliable, and has the advantages of eliminatingthe connecting rod spring hole clearance, reduce the impact, to overcome the connecting rod type reel easily wear appear gap and plunger type reel spring fatigue shortcomings.Drum work reliable, work the impact of small, not easy to fall volume in the discharge volume, high work efficiency, is the current domestic small tension coiler.
In recent years, with the wide spread used in strip rolling cold rolling mill for high precision rolling, coiling machine is the most important part of rolling mill auxiliary equipment, study the relevant application technology also began to focus on how to improve the roll shape and improve the comprehensive precision mill exit strip (strip shape and plate the accuracy of the thickness), main research contents are kept coiling tension constant, improvedcoiling transverse Zhang Yingli distribution, control the coiling speed three main aspectswhich, uneven coiling tension stress transverse distribution, is mainly formed by the stripcrown cumulative volume coiling radius horizontal convexity result caused by differentcontact, and coiling device itself is small; and the research direction of control of windingspeed and belongs to the field of electric automation, so here are not research. Only thevolume constant tension taking in the implementation process, close contact with coilingequipment, worthy of further study. Some research results through reference anddevelopment abroad have a more thorough understanding to the take-up reel radialpressure. In the meantime, by the Shanghai Metallurgical Design Institute Mr. Zhou Guoying compiled the "strip coiling device" of coiling equipment to carry out the systemintroduction, the book to strip coiling device made a comprehensive introduction, a more detailed description of the design calculation problem of cold rolling tension coiler.
Shanghai heavy machinery plant and China Heavy Machinery Research Institute also has done a study on Determination of some drum pressure and strength. Among them, Jiang Zhao for non-ferrous metal processing, considering the elastic flattening strip during coilingand the reel in the coiling of the necking amount, proposed the Jiang Zhao formula of the radial pressure calculating machine reel complete coiling, is widely used in the time of thecoiling machine design calculation of [17]. But in view of the fact that when computing the level is limited, further analysis is not mechanical behavior of strip coiling process.
Since eighty time, domestic research on coiling mostly about the scroll pressurecalculation. The reel unit pressure calculated as plane problems in theory of elasticity are solved the main during this period, come to consider the steel volume anisotropy when thereel unit pressure formula. Based on the study of Soviet people on how to determine thetheoretical calculation method of steel coil radial compression coefficient, and the calculated category steel coil tightness factor into the scroll pressure. In a word, structure of ideal performance drum
Application status of 1.2.2 cold mill coiling machine
Coiling machine in many industries have application. Coiler is the machinery and equipment products rolled. On the complexity, the metallurgical industry plate coilingmachine representative. Volume driven from
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