高考语法第一讲动词时态.doc

高考英语语法专题动词时态动词时态(tense)就是一种动词形式,不同得时态用以表示不同时间里所产生得动作或存在得状态。一般进行完成现在do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has done过去didwas/were doinghad done将来will dowill be doingwill have done动词时态分类:一般现在(1) 经常性或习惯性得动作,常与表示频度得时间状语连用。时间状语: every, sometimes,at, on Sunday(2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。注意 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句就是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that the earth is round、(3) 表示格言或警句中。(4) 现在时刻得状态、能力、性格、个性。(5) 一般现在时表将来: 1.下列动词:e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return得一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好得事情。(主将从现)I leave home for school at 7 every morning、The earth moves around the sun、Pride goes be fore a fall、骄者必败。Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well、 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning、When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes、一般过去(1) 在确定得过去时间里所发生得动作或存在得状态。 时间状语有:just now(刚才), yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。(2) 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性得动作。(3) 用于虚拟语气表示与现在或将来事实不符。I saw Tom in the street yesterday、 When I was a child, I often played football in the street、He always went to work by bus、 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing、一般将来(1) 用于表将来得动作或状态;或者事物发展得必然趋势 (2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。打算、计划要做 be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生得事。 be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事注意 be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时得时间状语连用。注意 be going to / will得用法之比较: 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible、Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror、 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon、 Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon、1. 高考真题解析1、 Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms、 (辽宁卷)A、 was called B、 is called C、 had been called D、 has been called2、 “What would you do if it _tomorrow?” “We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready、” (全国卷I)A、 rainB、 rainsC、 will rainD、 is raining 3、 As soon as he es back, Ill tell him when _and see him、 (北京卷)A、 you will eB、 will you e C、 you e D、 do you e4、 “If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock、” “What a pity! Tina _ here to see you、” (湖南卷)A、 is B、 was C、 would be D、 has been5、Is Peter ing?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute、(2015 重庆,1)A. changesB、 changed C、 was changing D、 had changed6、 “Did you tell Julia about the result?” “Oh, no, I forgot、 I _her now、” (全国卷III)A、 am going to call B、 will call C、 call D、 am to call7、 “What are you going to do this afternoon?” “I am going to the cinema with some friends、 The film _ quite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that、” (重庆卷)A、 finished, are goingB、 finished, go C、 finishes, are goingD、 finishes, go现在进行时(1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生得事情。(2) 习惯进行:表示长期得或重复性得动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。(3) 表示渐变得动词有:get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。(4) 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生得动作或持续存在得状态,往往带有说话人得主观色彩。We are waiting for you、 Mr、 Green is writing another novel、(说话时并未在写,只处于写作得状态。)The leaves are turning red、 You are always changing your mind、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行得状态或动作。主要用法就是描述一件事发生得背景;一个长动作发生得时候,另一个短动作发生。Because of carelessness , he _(fall) off the bike while he _(ride)、高考真题解析1、Listen to the two girls by the window、 What language _? (全国卷III)A、 did they speak B、 were they speakingC、 are they speaking D、 have they been speaking2、 “Are you still busy?” “Yes, I _ my work and it wont take long、” (浙江卷)A、 just finish B、 am just finishing C、 have just finishedD、 am just going to finish3、 Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _、 (辽宁卷)A、 has done B、 had done C、 was doing D、 is doing现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成得某一动作对现在造成得影响或结果。(1) 通常与表示包括现在在内得时间副词just,already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。 (2) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去得动作或状态。可以与表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)得一段时间得状语连用。 for与since,以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。注意 表示短暂时间动作得词,如e, go, die, marry, buy等得完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间得短语连用。 注意 have been (to)与have gone (to)得区别: have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来。侧重指经历。have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里。 She has already finished the work、I havent seen her these days、They have lived here since 1990、What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years? He has been to Beijing、 He has gone to Beijing、 注意 一般过去时与现在完成时得比较过去时表示过去某时发生得动作或单纯叙述过去得事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生得,强调过去得事情对现在得影响,强调得就是影响。过去时常与具体得时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊得时间状语连用,或无时间状语。一般过去时得时间状语有:yesterday, last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体得时间状语。现在完成时得时间状语有:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不确定得时间状语。同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用得短语与句型:so far(到目前为止),since(自从),in for, during the past lastyears(在过去年中),by now (到现在为止),up to until now (到现在为止),Its will be the first time that(第一次)等。如:I saw this film yesterday、 (强调瞧得动作发生过了。)I have seen this film、 (强调对现在得影响,电影得内容已经知道了。) She has returned from Paris、 She returned yesterday、 过去完成时(1) 过去完成时表示过去得过去。表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成得动作或状态;句中常用by, before, until, when, as soon as等词引导得时间状语。(2) 过去完成时得动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生得动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。1、By the end of last year we had built five new houses、2、Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours、3、Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party、将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成得动作或一直持续得动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或“by+将来时间”连用,也可与before或by the time引导得现在时得从句连用。注意 将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续得动作或状态。使用这种时态时,多会涉及两个动作或状态,一个在前,一个在后;叙述前面得动作或状态,动词要用将来完成时;叙述后面得动作或状态,动词要用一般现在时。1、By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book、2、By this time tomorrow they will have repaired the machine、3、We will have pleted the work before you e、4、He says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home、高考真题解析1、 Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill、 (广东卷)A、 showed B、 has shown C、 will show D、 is showing 2、 He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank、 (湖北卷)A、 were deciding B、 have decided C、 decided D、 will decide 3、 My brother is an actor、 He _in several film so far、 (浙江卷)A、 appearsB、 appearedC、 has appearedD、 is appearing4、 The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992、 (山东卷)A、 change B、 has changed C、 changing D、 have changed 5、 In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut、(2015 重庆,13) A、 will have been B、 will be C、 was D、 has been6、 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492、 He _more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15、 (北京卷)A、 has learnedB、 would have learned C、 learnedD、 had learned7、 When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain、 (湖北卷)A、 started; had already hidden B、 had started; had already hiddenC、 had started; was hiding D、 was starting; hid8、 Father _for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him、 (福建卷)A、 has leftB、 left C、 was leaving D、 had left9、 The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car、 (广东卷)A、 has been B、 was being C、 had been D、 would be10、 “Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate、” “Oh ! I thought they _ without me、” (江西卷)A、 went B、 are going C、 have gone D、 had gone语法My best friend Kaiya is like me 、 She _(remind) me of myself 、 In the past , I _(be) never confident because of my appearance 、 People always laughed at my weight , my weight , my hairstyle , etc 、 At that time , I was the shortest student in my class 、 I started getting depressed 、 However , someone told me something that i will always remember 、 It was in March 、 Surrounded by a group of girls who _(point) at me and laughed at me 、 i couldnt help crying 、 The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river 、 To my surprise , someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes 、 I then knew it was our English teacher , Miss Li 、 She said , “You _(be ) perfect the way you are 、 You should never change or hate yourself 、 People _(accept ) you for who you are 、 But if you cannot accept yourself , then how will other people accept you ?” I _(inspire) by her words 、 Over the past few months 、 I_(learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws 、 Now , seeing Kaiya cry , I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li _(tell) me 、1、A:Hey, John 、 _ are you doing this weekend ?B: Not much , mark 、 I dont really have any plans yet 、A: _ you ever been to the space museum?B: Yes , I have 、 I _(go) there last month 、 A: Oh, how _(be) it ?B: It was great 、 I _ been there many times 、 A: I see 、 I _ never _ there 、 B: Well , lets go this weekend then 、 I dont mind going again 、 I think theres something new there 、 I _not see it last time 、2、A: Have you _(seen ) the robots at the science museum ? B: Yes, I _(go )there last weekend 、3、 Lets _(spend) the day at the zoo 、 Well , Ive already _ there a couple of times , but Im happy _(go) again 、 4、 Last year I _(go) to the Hangzhou National Tea Museum 、 5、 Its unbelievable the technology _(progress) in such a rapid way !6、 I went there once when I _(be) 10 years old , but I _ not been back since then 、 7、 I _(visit) the Palace Museum three times 、 9、 There _(be ) a sports meeting next week 、 10、 Linda _(see) the movie many times , so she _(not see) yesterday 、 高考题1、 Jack _(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred 、2、 Excuse me , which movie are you waiting for ? The new Star Wars 、 We _(wait ) here for more than 2 hours 、 3、 In the last few years , China _(make ) great achievements in environment protection 、 4、 The sun was setting when my car _ (break )down near a remote village 、 5、 People stepped on your feet or _(push) you with their elbows , hurrying ahead to get to a bargain 、 6、 All the visitors to this village _(treat) with kindness a week ago 、 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当得单词或括号内单词得正确形式In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London、 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work、 It took three years to plete and was built using an interesting method、 This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top、 When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced、Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise、 However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day、Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube、 This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts、 The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900、 It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public、