云南省中考英语复习-第二部分-语法专题攻略-专题十一-主从复合句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,专题十一 主从复合句,【语法讲解】,一、宾语从句,1.宾语从句的种类,宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（1）由,that,引导的宾语从句,That,只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中 可以省略。例如：,He said(that)he wanted to stay at home.,She doesnt know(that)she is seriously ill.,I am sure(that)he will succeed.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（2）,由连接代词,who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词,when,where,why,how,引导的宾语从句。,这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中,充当某个成分。例如：,Do you know who(whom)they are waiting foe?,He asked whose handwriting was the best.,Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?,I dont know why the train is late.,（3）,由,if,或,whether,引导的宾语从句。,If,和,whether,在句中的意思是,“,是,否,”,。例如：,I want to know if(whether)he lives there.,He asked me whether(if)I could help him.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,2.,宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：,I hear(that)physics isnt easy.,I think(that)you will like this school soon.,Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?,Please tell me when well have the meeting.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,3.,宾语从句的时态,（,1,）,如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什,麽时态。如：,I dont think(that)you are right.,Please tell us where he is.,Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?,（,2,）,如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时,态（一般过去时，,过去进行时，,过去将来时，过去完成时）。,例如：,He asked what time it was.,He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,He asked if you had written to Peter.,He said that he would go back to the U.S.soon.,（3）,如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。,例如：,Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.,Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,二、状语从句,1.时间状语从句,(1),时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as,soon as等连词来引导。例如：,It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.,While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.,As he walked along the lake,he sang happily.,He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,(2),在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的,动作或状态。例如：,I,ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.,I will tell him everything when he comes back.,He won,t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,(3),在带有,till,或,until,引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句,用肯定式，其含义是“一直到,时”，谓语动词只能用延续性,动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到,才,”,“在,以前不,”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：,The young man read till the light went out.,Let,s wait until the rain stops.,We won,t start until Bob comes.,Don,t get off until the bus stops.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,2.条件状语从句,(1),条件状语从句通常由,if,unless,引导。例如：,What shall we do if it snows,tomorrow?,Don,t leave the building unless I tell you to.,(2),在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或,状态。例如：,I,ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.,He won,t be late unless he is ill.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,(3),“,祈使句+and(or)+陈述句,”,在意思上相当于一个带有条件,状语从句的复合句。例如：,Hurry up,or you,ll be late.,=If you don,t hurry up,you,ll be late.,Study hard and you will pass the exam.,=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,3.原因状语从句,(1),原因状语从句通常由,because,since,as,引导。例如：,He didn,t come to school because he was ill.,As it is raining,we shall not go the zoo.,Since you can,t answer the question,I,ll ask someone else.,(2),because表示直接原因，语气最强。,Because,引导的原因状语从句,多放在主句之后。回答由,why,提出的问题，只能用,because,。,As,和,since,语气较弱，,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和,since,引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：,-Why aren,t going there?,-Because I don,t want to.,As he has no car,he can,t get there easily.,Since we have no money,we can,t buy it.,(3),because和,so,不能同用在一个句子里。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,4.结果状语从句,(1),结果状语从句由,so,that,such,that,so that引导。例如：,He is so poor that he can,t buy a bike for his son.,She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.,My pencil fell under the desk,so that I couldn,t see it.,(2),so,that语,such.that,可以互换。例如：,在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。,其结构是:“,.so,+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：,He was so glad that he couldn,t say a word.,The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.,Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,5.比较状语从句,比较状语从句通常由as,as,比较级,+than,等连词引导。例如：,Tom runs faster than John does.,This classroom is as big as that one.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,6.目的状语从句,(1),目的状语从句通常由,so that,in order that,引导。例如：,He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.,We used the,computer,in order that we might save time.,(2),so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这,两种从句的办法有两个：,1),目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词,can,could,may,might,等。,2),从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目,的很明确。例如：,Speak clearly so,th,at they may,understand,you.(目的状语从句,),Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句,),2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,7.让步状语从句,(1),让步状语从句通常由,although,though,等连词引导。例如：,Though he is young,he knows a lot.,(2),although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：,我们不能说：Though it was raining hard,but he still went out.,应该说：Though it was raining hard,he still went out.,或,It was raining hard,but he still went out.,8.地点状语从句,地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：,Where there is a will,there is a way.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,三、定语从句,1.,定语从句的功用和结构,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：,This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.,Do you know everybody who came to the party?,I still remember the night when I first came to the village?,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,2.,关系代词和关系副词的功用,关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。,（,1,）作主语：,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称,和数须和先行词一致。例如：,I don,t like people who talk much but do little.,The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（2）作宾语：,She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.,The book that my grandmother gave me is called“The Great Escape”.,（3）作定语,关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：,Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?,The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.,（4）作状语,Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.,This is the house where I was born.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,3.,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法,（,1,）,who,指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：,The person who broke the window must pay for it.,The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.,（,2,）,whom,指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：,Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate,？,Mr Lee(whom)you,want,to see has come.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（3）,whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：,The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.,I know the boy whose father is a professor.,（4）,which,指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：,A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.,Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.,（5）,that,多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：,Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.,Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（6）,when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：,I,ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.,He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.,（7）,where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：,This is the house where we lived last year.,The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,4.,关系代词,whom,，,which,在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将,whom,与,which,与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：,That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,典型例题1,：,Would you please tell me _?,A.when did he come home,B.where he would play football,C.if he had seen the film,D.why he didnt watch the game,解析:该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。,答案：,D,。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,典型例题2,：,-We dont know _.,-It is said that he was born in Sweden.,A.what he is B.if he lives here,C.where he comes from D.which country is he from,解析:该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们,说的是某人是哪里人。,A,和,B,可以排除掉。,D,的语序不对，只有,C,正确。,答案,:C,。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,典型例题3：,None of us knew what had happened _ they told us a,bout it.,A.when B.until C.after D.though,解析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是,“在,以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用,“,not,until,”,这一句型。,答案：B。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,典型例题4：,-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?,-He has gone back to Qinghua University.,A.whom B.who C.whose D.which,解析：该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词,是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有,who,合适。,答案：B。,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,【2014-2016本土真题】,（）1,.(201,6云南,)_ will the 2016 Summer Olympic Games,be held in Brazil?,In August.,A.When,B.How,C.Why D.Where,（）2.（2015 昆明）_?,Yes,it is,AIs this your dictionary,BDo you have a schoolbag,CWhere is my tape player,DHow much is the model plane,A,A,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（）3.（2016,云南）,Do you know _?,Yes.They,re from New York.,A.,w,hat,do the tourists doB.where the tourists are from,C.what the tourists doD.where are the tourists from,（）4.（2014昆明）Excuse me,could you please tell me,?,Yes,there is a history museum.,A.how often do you go to the history museum,B.are there any good museums in Kunming.,C.how long it takes to get to the history museum,D.if there are any good museums in Kunming.,B,D,2017,云南省初中学业水平考试 复习,指导,手册,（,）5,.,（,2016,曲靖）,Success often comes to those,keep trying,their best at everything they do.,A.whom B.whatC.whichD.who,（,）6.（,2015,曲靖）,What are you doing under the desk?,Im looking for the pen _ I bought yesterday.,A.who,B.that,C.what,D.where,D,B,