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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chinas Economy and Reform,An Overview of New Chinas,Economy,19491953:The First Five-Year Plan,Established more than 100 state-owned industrial enterprises,Laid a preliminary foundation for socialist industrializtion,19561966 The Decade Before the Cultural Revolution,Socialist construction was carried out in a comprehensive way,New industries like electronics and petrochemical engineering came into being and the industrial layout was improved.,China achieved complete self-sufficiency in oil supply from 1965 onwards,Capital construction and techinical upgrading of agriculture,The“Great Leap Forward”in 1958,In 1960,a policy of readjusting,consolidating,filling in and raising standards for the national economy was adopted and Chinas economic construction was brought back to the right track.,The Fourteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 1992 set the goal of establishing the system of socialist market economy.,A series of important reform measures were taken.,pricing system,public finance,taxation,banking,foreign trade and foreign exchange,the reform of state-owned enterprises,reform related to social security,housing,education and science and technology,The Eighth Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development(19911995),basic policy:“seizing the opportunity to deepen the reform and open wider to the outside world,promoting development and maintaining stability”,The Outline of the Ninth Five-Year Plan for National Economy and Social Development and the Long-range Objectives through the Year 2010,The Reform and Opening Policies,The Starting Point:Agricultural Responsibility System,The first successful reform occurred in the agricultural sector.,In 1987,the contract responsibility system was introduced.,Reform on the Control of the Macro-economy,Since the early 1980s China has tried to establish a macro-control mechanism to exercise monetary and fiscal policies in lieu of central planning.,The Establishment of an Economy with Diversified Ownership,unitary public ownership economy,the development of diversified economy elements while insisting on the primacy of public ownership,New Development in Chinas,Economy in the 21st Century,The Development of Western Regions of China,Western China includes Shaanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Yunnan,and Guizhou provinces,the Ningxia Hui,Xinjiang Uygur and Tibet autonomous regions,and Chongqing Municipality.,In the 1098s,Deng Xiaoping put forward the strategic concept for Chinas modernization drive,featuring“two situations”(one situations is that the southeastern coastal areas will speed up their opening to the outside world,and the other is that China should concentrate its strength to speed upthe development of its central and western regions).,Chinese Peoples Livelihood,Rising Income,Longer Lifespan,Larger Living Space,Colorful Clothes,Higher Education,Faster Communication,Harmonious Society,A harmonious society advocates an over-all,co-ordinated and sustainable development concept,making the interests of different sectors balanced.,A harmonious society should also see great improvements in morals and education.,A harmonious society is also manifested by the gradual improvement of the legal system and standardized social management.,Education in China,Education System in China,In China,the education is divided into three categories:basic education,higher education,and adult education.,Basic Educaiton,Basic education in China includes pre-school education,primary education and regular secondary education.,Pre-school education,Primary education,Secondary education,academic secondary education,specialized/vocational/technical secondary edcuation,academic middle school,academic high school,Adult Education,The adult education category overlaps all three of the above categories.,Adult primary education,Adult secondary education:radio/TV specialized secondary schools,Adult higher education:radion/TV universities,Education Management and Administration System in China,China has set up an educaiton system with the government as the major investor and social partners as co-inventors.,The local government is playing a key role in compulsory educaiton,while the central and provincial government are dominant in higher education.,In occupational and adult educaiton,social partners(including industiral organizaitons,businesses and public institutions)are playing more and more important roles.,The Ministry of Education of the PRC is the supreme education administration body in China,which is responsible for carrying out related laws,regulations,guidelines and policies of the central government;planning development of education;integrating and coordinating educational initiatives and programs nationwide;maneuvering and guiding education reform countrywide.,
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