英国文学史3rd-week.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter Two,The Glory of Poetry:,From Sidney to Pope,I Background Information,Historical and Political Context:,Three generations of the Tudors:,Henry VII(1485-1509),Henry VIII(1509-1547),Edward VI(1547-1553),Mary I(1553-1558),Elizabeth I(1558-1603),Henry VII,ended the War of the Roses(1455-1485),Henry VIII,his religious reform,conflicts between Catholicism and Protestantism,Edward VI,Protestant movement surged,Mary I,a devout Catholic,and her ruthless suppression of protestants“bloody Mary”,Elizabeth I,Elizabeth I,political wisdom,England strong and powerful,controlling the seas,High national confidence,Humanism,a rebirth of human spirit,a realization of human potential for development and creation.,Against religious dogmas of medieval times,stresses,the secular nature of human life,“,Man is the measure of all things.”,English Renaissance,the reign of Queen Elizabeth I,Her interest in music and poetry,Literature and the arts flourished,great authors:,Thomas Mores,Utopia,Edmund Spensers,Faerie Queene,Francis Bacons,Essays,Shakespeares plays and sonnets,II Major Poets of the Elizabethan Age,Sir Philip Sidney,Edmund Spenser,William Shakespeare,Christopher Marlow,John Donne,Life,born to the purple,Attended Oxford Univ.,traveled extensively,Knighted in 1583,appointed governor of Flushing in the Netherlands,dies in a battle in 1586 with famous last words“Thy need is greater than mine.”,Works,a complete man of the Renaissance Age,courtier,diplomat,soldier,scholar,poet,friend,patron,and literary critic,Mainly remembered for his three works which established respectively his reputation as poet,romancer,and critic:,Astrophel and Stella,Arcadia,“,Defense of Poesie”,a sequence of 108 sonnets,Inspired by Petrarch,Popularize sonnets as a literary form,which was initially introduced into England by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard,Stella,Penelope Rich,With how sad steps,O moon,thou climst,the skies!,How silently,and,with how wan a face!,Arcadia,(1590),a prose romance filled with lyrics,a forerunner of the modern novel,the earliest specimen of pastoral literature in England,“,Defense of Poesie”or“Apology for Poetry”,(1579-1580,published in 1595 posthumously),mission of poetry:not only to imitate nature reflecting reality,but also has the power to instruct and amuse.,The earliest critical work in English literary history,Horace,贺拉斯诗论,Edmund Spenser(1552-1599),Life,Born in London of a rather poor merchant tailors family,Went to Cambridge University as a sizar,and got his MA in 1576,Worked as secretaries,long lived in Ireland and died in 1599,buried in the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey,The Shepheardes Calendar,(1579),A dialogue between shepherds,a pastoral consisting of 12 eclogues,dominant theme is love,Amoretti,a sonnet sequence of 88 love poems,written for his wife Elizabeth Boyle,personal and direct,The Faerie Queene,Spensers masterpiece,An epic,dedicated to the Queen Gloriana(actually Elizabeth I),original plan as twelve books,only six books and two cantos completed,Adventures of knights,representing qualities of holiness,temperance,chastity,friendship,justice,courtesy,(e-text),Comments:,the abstract ideas and obscure allegorical images,essentially an aristocratic epic.,Lacking the humanist spirit of the Renaissance,Its greatness:technical skill both from the point of view of its music and meter and from that of rich imageries and ornate language.,its poetic beauty earned Spenser the distinction of“the poets poet.”,Christopher Marlow,Internet resources:,Providing e-texts of Christopher Marlow,William Shakespeare,(1564-1616),Life,A great genius,little is known about his life,born into a merchants family in Stratford-on-Avon,on 26,th,April 1564,not much education,attended Stratford Grammar School,Married Anne Hathaway(who is said to be his senior)in 1582 when he was only 18.,Left Stratford in 1585 and prospered gradually in London firstly as an actor then as a playwright,1611,or 1612,returned to his hometown,Died there in 1616,born into a merchants family in Stratford-on-Avon,on 26,th,April 1564,Died there in 1616,Poems,Sonnets,Two narrative poems:,Venus and Adonis,The Rape of Lucrece,Sonnets,154,sonnets,Two imaginary figures:the handsome young man,the dark lady,Comments,Style:,more profound in morality and complex in expressing ideas and feelings,Themes:,moral conflicts and psychological uncertainties;the immortality of artistic beauty;the value of genuine friendship;the sorrows of feeling neglected in a corrupted world,So,Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?,Thou art more lovely and more temperate.,Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summers lease hath all too short a date.,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance,or natures changing course,untrimmd;,But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal line to time thou growst.,So long as men can breath or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.,Artistic features of Shakespearean Sonnets,Fourteen line lyric,Iambic Pentameter,Rhyming pattern:abab,cdcd,efef,gg,Comments,a profound meditation on the deconstructive power of time,the transitory nature of human life and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry,a strong belief in the eternal value of poetry and literature,similar ideas in other sonnets,Not marble nor the gilded monuments,Of princes shall outlive this powerful rhyme,But you shall shine more bright in these contents,Than unswept stone,besmeared with sluttish time.,When wasteful war shall statues overturn,And broils root out the work of masonry,Nor Mars his sword nor wars quick fire shall burn,The living record of your memory,.,(,sonnet 55,),a general principle of Shakespeares literary idea,beauty,kindness and truth:,Fair,kind,and true,is all my argument,Fair,kind,and true,varying to other words;,And in this change is my invention spent,Three themes in one,which wondrous scope affords.,(Sonnet 105),文学价值的永恒性,红楼梦好了歌:,世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。,古今将相在何方,?,荒冢一堆草没了。,世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了；,终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。,世人都晓神仙好，只有娇妻忘不了；,君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。,世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了；,痴心父母古来多，孝顺儿孙谁见了？,The Implication:Only Literary masterpieces lasts fore ever?,曹丕:“,文章,乃经国之大业，不朽之盛事”,Why to elevate literature to such a high place?,Transitory,ephemeral nature of human existence,Lifes vicissitudes,changeable,The hollowness of after-death,The world and life is meaningless and literature endows living with importance,