电导率仪的操作.ppt

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investment banking transactions.,csfb.cs-DfsRoot$IBDHKGProjectDAQOExecutionManagement Presentation092308_Pre-IPO Investor Mgmt Pres_V11_DTP.ppt,Confidential,*,电导率仪培训,1,培训的目的,1,、掌握电导率的原理及应用,2,、掌握电导率仪的使用,3,、掌握电导率仪的维护与注意事项,2,主要内容,第一章、电导率的原理,第二章、电导率仪的使用,第三章、电导率仪的注意事项和维护,第一章 电导率的原理,1,、什么是电导率？,电导率是电阻率的倒数，,=1/,。电导率是以数字表示的溶液传导电流的能力。除非特别指明，电导率的测量温度是标准温度（,25 C,）。电导率的单位是西门子,/,米（,s/m,），其它单位有：,s/cm,、,s/cm,。,1s/m=1000ms/m=1000000s/m=10ms/cm=10000s/cm,第一章 电导率的原理,3,、电导率与,电导的关系,电解质溶液的电导能力用电导,G,来表示，电导是电阻,R,的倒数。服从欧姆定律：,单位：西门子,S,为电阻率，单位为欧姆厘米,cm,A,为导体截面积,(,单位为,cm,2,),L,为导体长度,(,单位为,cm),s,为电导率,电阻率的倒数,单位西门子每厘米,scm,-1,第一章 电导率的原理,4,、电导率,的物理意义,：,表示物质导电的性能。电导率越大则导电性能越强，反之越小。另外，不少人将电导跟电导率混淆：电导是电阻的倒数，电导率是电阻率的倒数。,对一定的电导电极，面积,A,与电极间距离,L,一定，,L/A,为定值，称为电极常数，用,k,表示：,第一章 电导率的原理,5,、,电导率,S,与电解质溶液的浓度与性质的关系？,（,1,）在一定范围内，离子的浓度愈大，电导率愈大；,（,2,）离子的迁移速度愈快，电导率愈大；,（,3,）离子的价数愈高，电导率愈大。,当外部条件固定时，对于同一电解质,(2)(3),点是确定的，电导取决于溶液的浓度。,第一章 电导率的原理,7,、,电导率的测量原理,测量原理是将相互平行且距离是固定值,L,的两块极板（或圆柱电极），放到被测溶液中，在极板的两端加上一定的电势（为了避免溶液电解，通常为正弦波电压，频率,1,3kHz,）然后通过电导仪测量极板间电导。,电导率的测量需要两方面：一个是溶液的电导,G,，另一个是溶液的电极常数,K,。电导可以通过电流、电压的测量得到。根据关系式,S=KG,可以得到电导率的数值。,第一章 电导率的原理,8,、,电导率的应用,8.1,水质监测,工业上的锅炉用水及排放的废水、河流、湖泊，实验室用水等都需要对水的质量指标作监测。,水的电导率是反映水质的很重要的一个指标,。它反映了水中电解质的总含量,可溶性的无机盐类。但一些非导电物质，如有机物、细菌、藻类及其它悬浮杂质不能在电导率上反映出来。,水的类型,自来水,普通蒸馏水,离子交换水,电导率,(scm,-1,),5.2610,-4,（,10,-4,）,2.910,-6,（,10,-6,）,510,-7,（,10,-7,）,一、校正：,1.,校正设置,本仪表只需一点校正，也可以直接输入电极常数。,1.1,按 键，当前的校正设置开始闪烁。,1.2,使用 或 键选择需要的标准溶液，并按 确认,（例如：需要校准的标准溶液为,84s/cm,，就在屏幕上选,择该浓度。）,第二章 电导率仪的使用,12,2,、校正,将电极放入标准溶液中，按 开始校正。,SevenEasy,电导率仪在校正时是自动判断终点，也可以按 来手动判断终点。,按 键确认并返回正常测量状态。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,14,3,、标准溶液,标准溶液由梅特勒,-,托利多公司提供,现有的标准溶液有：,84s/cm,（瓶装），,1500ml,1413s/cm,（瓶装），,1250ml,1413s/cm,（袋装），,3020ml,12.88ms/cm(,瓶装,),，,1250ml,12.88ms/cm(,袋装,),，,3020ml,第二章 电导率仪的使用,15,二、设置,1,、温度补偿（需要进行温度补偿时进行该操作）,1.1,自动温度补偿（,ATC,）,为保证准确测量，建议使用含自动温度补偿,ATC,的电极，当使用,ATC,时，显示屏上会显示,ATC,符号和当前的样品温度，仪器会进行自动温度补偿。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,17,1.2,手动温度补偿（,MTC,）,当使用的电极没有自动温度补偿（,ATC,），仪表将采用手 动温度补偿，显示屏会显示,MTC,符号。设定手动温度补偿见菜单设置。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,18,2,、菜单设置：,按 键，菜单中第一条开始闪烁；使用 或 来选择,需要的菜单，并按 确认。,2.1,设定参比温度：,先进入菜单，然后选择参比温度条目，使用 或 来选择参比温度，并按 确认。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,19,2.2,设定温度补偿方法：,先进入菜单，然后选择温度校正条目，显示，然后使用 或 来选择温度校正方法：线性补偿或者非线性补偿。,2.3 MTC,（手动温度补偿）温度的设定：,先进入菜单，然后选择,MTC,温度条目，显 示，然后使用 或 来设定手动温度补偿。按 键确认你输入的数值。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,20,为保证精确测量，请确保手动设定的温度和待测样品的温度一致。默认设置的是,25.0,。,2.4,设定,TDS,因子,先进入菜单，然后选择,TDS,因子菜单，然后使用 或 来设定合适的值。,TDS(Total Disolved Solid),是指溶液中溶解的固体总量，单位可选择,mg/L,或,ppm,。溶液的,TDS,与溶液电导率值成一定的比例，这个比例称为固体因子。固体因子可根据不同样品在,0.4-1.0,之间设置。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,21,1.4,关闭电源。,1.5,用纯化水清洗电极，用滤纸将水吸干。,注：长按 键,2,秒，能够在自动终点判断方式和手动终点判断方式之间切换。在手动终点判断方式下，可以按 键终止测量。此时，小数点不再闪动，同时 显示在屏幕上。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,23,测量电导率的注意事项：,1,、测量不同电导率的溶液应选用不同的校正液，一般以测量浓度在校正液浓度范围内为准（如：测量脱盐水、中温水、产水、调控水等用,84s/cm,的校正液校正；测量循环水、补水、进水等用,1413s/cm,的校正液校正。）；,2,、空气中某些杂质，如：,CO,2,、,NH,3,等会被溶液吸收，影响电导率的准确性，所以在测量较小电导率溶液（例：脱盐水、产水）时最好采用流动的形式进行测量，以保证其准确性。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,24,25,第二章 电导率仪的使用,2,、,TDS/,盐度,/,电阻率测量：,样品的,TDS/,盐度,/,电阻率的测量，与电导值的测量过程一样，按,Mode,键即可以在电导值、,TDS/,盐度,/,电阻率测量值之间切换。在电导率测量结束后，可以 按,键查看对应的,TDS/,盐度,/,电阻率值。,第二章 电导率仪的使用,电阻率,:,表示各种物质电阻特性的物理量，电阻率的倒数就是电导率。某种材料制成的长,1,米、横截面积是,1,平方毫米的导线的电阻，叫做这种材料的电阻率。电阻率的单位是欧姆,米或,cm,即欧姆,厘米。,水的电阻率是指某一温度下，边长为,1cm,正方体的相对两侧间的电阻，单位为,cm,或,M,cm,。水的电阻率（或电导率）反映了水中含盐量的多少。是水的纯度的一个重要指标，水的纯度越高，含盐量越低，水的电阻率越大（电导率越小）。因此，越纯净的水电阻率很大，超纯水的电阻率就更大。,28,第三章 电导率仪的维护与注意,1,、维护信息：,1.1,仪表维护,仪表内由于没有可以自行维修的部件，请不要打开仪表。,除了必要时用湿布擦拭外，,SevenEasy,不需要其他维护。面板是,ABS/PC,塑料制成的，不防水，会受甲苯、二甲苯、酮类等有机试剂的侵蚀，如果溅上，要立即擦去。,30,第三章 电导率仪的维护与注意,2,、注意事项：,2.1,使用,SevenEasy,电导率仪随带的电源适配器或电池供电，否则可导致测量结果不准确。,电源适配器,:220V/50Hz,10VA,9VDC,电池：,4,节,5#,电池,31,第三章 电导率仪的维护与注意,2.2,避免环境因素的影响：,强烈的震动,；,长期处于日照下；,湿度超过,80%,；,存在腐蚀性气体；,环境温度低于,5,或高于,40,；,强电磁场下。,32,谢谢大家,