全国出国培训备选人员英语水平考试(BFT)-写作.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,全国出国培训备选人员英语水平考试（BFT）,全国出国培训备选人员英语水平考试是由国家外国专家局主办的国家级英语水平考试。考试对象为执行国家外国专家局批准派出项目的国家机关、工商企业、事业单位的出国培训备选人员，同时适用于已在或准备到国内外资企业工作的各类外语学习者及参加国家人事部中、高级专业技术资格评定的各类专业技术人员。BFT考试根据商务及技术工作的实际需要，从听、说、读、写四个方面对考生在商务、技术工作和一般生活环境下使用英语的基本能力进行全面考察。,本考试分初级（C级）、中级（B级）和高级（A级）三个等级，每个等级的考试由听力、笔试（包括阅读理解、书面表达）和口试三大部分组成。考生可根据考试目的选择应试科目。,BFT考试每年举办两次，分别是一月和七月的第三个星期六。初、中、高三级的考试时间均为2小时12分钟左右，其中笔试,时间为2小时，口试时间为10-12分钟。三级考试总分均为200分，初级120分为及格；中级和高级采用同一份试卷，中级90分为及格，高级120为及格。,中级和高级考试项目、数量、分数和考试时间,考试项目题量满分分数百分比考试时间,听力理解30题50分25%30分钟,阅读理解45题70分35%50分钟,书面表达2题30分15%40分钟,口头表达3题50分25%12分钟,合计80题200分100%132分钟,满120分即发给高级合格证书，但中、长期出国人员听力和口头表达必须达到30分。考试成绩4年内有效。,BFT高级考试对写作的要求：,初步具备撰写一般商务、公务函件、实验报告和专业文章的能力。,表达比较清楚、用词、语法错误较少，文体恰当。,书面表达的具体要求：,Part 1,简短指导性写作,运用所给信息写出,1,篇,50-60,个词左右的短笺、便条或备忘录等。,Part 2,较长指导性写作,根据指令、短信、广告、图表等信息写出,1,篇,100-120,个单词左右的短文。,考查目的：,正确使用一般信函格式；,能叙述个人/他人的打算等；,能向对方说明情况和提出要求；,能比较数据、事实和观点；,能描述物体和事件；,能概括、类比和判断；,能提出自己的观点，反驳别人的观点；,能组句成文，表达切题，语言清楚，文体恰当。,The other sentences in a paragraph are called supporting sentences.,段落缺乏主题句则结构不清楚，读者必须看完全段才知道其段落大意。,The topic sentence is usually put at the beginning of the paragraph;sometimes it is put in the middle or the end of the paragraph.It is recommended that the topic sentence is placed at the very beginning of the paragraph,especially for the test.(see the examples on pages 60,62 and 63).But sometimes there might be no topic sentence(page 63).,Limit the subject.,It should not be too big for a single paragraph.,The topic sentence should be developed by supporting sentences.In other words,you will have to provide relevant,specific or concrete details to defend your topic sentence.,Look at the example on page 58.,Topic sentence:,Visiting a supermarket is like taking a trip around the world.,details:,oranges from Florida;lettuce from California;crab meat from Alaska;sardines from Norway and Portugal;mustard from Germany;soy sauce from Hong Kong;wine from Chile and Argentina.,Basic qualities of a good paragraph:,Unity,:all the supporting sentences should be closely related to the topic sentence.,Look at the paragraph on page 65 to see whether it has unity.,This paragraph is unified,concentrating on the topic sentencethe first sentence.The key word here is,observation,.The author gives many examples to show how we observe other people.,Coherence,:concerned with its form or organization.The sentences in a paragraph should be arranged in a clear,logical order,and the transitions should be smooth and natural.And the main point,subpoints,and clarifying details are all connected like links in a chain.,段落应做到意义连贯，主题明确，连接词运用得当，条理清楚。,Sentences should be logically connected with each other.At the same time,connective words and expressions can be used to make ideas and structures clear to the readers.,Look at the connective words and expressions on pages 6869.,We can use the following ways to achieve coherence.,Parallel structures,2)Repeated words or expressions,3)Pronouns,4)Consistence in person and number,and tense,A paragraph without a closing sentence gives no sense of completeness.Look at the example.,A tortoise and a hare started to dispute which of them was the swifter,and before separating they made an appointment for a certain time and place to settle the matter.The hare had such confidence in its fleetness that it did not trouble about the race but lay down by the roadside and went to sleep.,Pay attention to the following advice for writing a good paragraph.,Think carefully about what you are going to say before writing.,The first sentence should give the reader some idea of what the paragraph is about.,Be sure that your paragraphs have suitable opening and closing sentences.,Keep to the subject.,Use transition to produce coherent paragraphs.,Avoiding dealing with different topics or ideas in one paragraph.,Use full forms instead of short forms.,Write paragraphs of varying length,and never write ones that are too long or too short.,Never on any account write your paragraphs in the first language and then translate it into English.,When you have finished the paragraph,read it through and revise if necessary.,