中考英语专题复习-虚拟语气.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气,Definition,陈述语气（,the Indicative Mood,）,用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。,The fish is not alive without water,.,虚语语气（,the Subjunctive Mood,）,表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。,1.,虚拟语气的考点,1,一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。,2,虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。,3,主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。,4,含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。,上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助,if,引导的虚拟条件句,区别,:,If it,rains,tomorrow,the crops,will,be saved.,陈述语气,If it,rained,tomorrow,the crops,would,be saved.,虚拟语气,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句,(,通常有时间状语,),If he,came,here tomorrow,I,would tell,him about it.,If he,were to come,here tomorrow,I,would tell,him,.,1.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事,.,2.,如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他,.,If+,主,+,did(were to/should do),主+,would/should/,could/might+动词原形,虚拟语气,Subjunctive Mood,时间,条件从句,if,主句,过去,had done,would/should/could/,might have done,现在,did/were,would/should/could/,might do,将来,1.should do,2.were to do,3.did,退一步 海阔天空,even if/though,wish,if only,等从句的虚拟与它相同。,If you _tomorrow,you _,find the new manager working in the office.,A.should come;would B.would come;would,C.will come;should D.comes;might,If the parents _at the hospital earlier after,the accident,the child would have been saved.,A.arrives B.arrive,C.had arrived D.has arrived,If he _he _that food.,Luckily he was sent to the hospital,immediately.,A.was warned;would not have taken,B.had been warned;would not have taken,C.would be warned;had not taken,D.would have been warned;had not taken,倒装的,If,虚拟句,条件状语的倒装：,如果条件状语中有,were,had,should,时,可以倒装成：,Were/Should/Had,+,主,+,其他,Were I you,I would try it again.,Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.,Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.,If I were you,I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.,_the exam,he would have attend a college.,A.If he passed B.Had he passed,C.Were he passed D.If he should pass,_five minutes earlier,you could have seen,them off.,A.If you should arrive B.If you arrive,C.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive,_it rain tomorrow,we should have to put,off the visit to the Science Museum.,A.Were B.should C.would D.will,wish,引导的虚拟句,I wish I,remembered,the address.,我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,How I wish he,had not left,.,要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）,I wish it,would rain,tomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）,wish+that,How I wish,If only,did/were,现在,had done,过去,would/might/would do,将来,5.If only,(1),要是就好了,=I wish,If only I,knew,his name,now,!,If only we,had followed,your advice,last time,!,If only I,could see,him again,next year,!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。,If only our parents,could live with,us!,If only I,hadnt missed,the train!,要是我没错过火车就好了,.,Exercises:,“,Have you visited the Science Museum?”,“No,but I really wish I _.”,A.had B.did C.have D.will,I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.,A.was B.were C.had been D.went,I wish I _ you yesterday.,A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see,-He is a brave man.,-Yes,I wish I _his courage,.,A.Have B.had C.will have D.would have,Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _me how.,A.teaches B.will teach,C.has taught D.would teach,The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I,_to it.,A.hadnt gone B.havent gone,C.didnt go D.could not have gone,How I wish I _that!Everybody present,was angry,with me.,A.didnt go B.hadnt done,C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing,非典型性虚拟语气,类型一,would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner,和,would prefer,所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：,Id rather you posted the letter right away.,我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。,I would prefer he didnt stay there too long.,我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。,I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.,我真希望你昨天把这本书还了,类型二,（,4,）,Its(high,about)time that,句型中,that,从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。,Its time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.,现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了,。,类型三,（,6,）由连接词,in case,so that,unless,lest,（唯恐，以免）,for fear that,引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即,should(might,would)+,动词原形，例如：,She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.,她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。,The bad man was put in the safe cell lest he injure himself.,类型四,if it were not for,与现在事实相反，,if it had not been for,与过去事实相反，两个都相当于,but for,：,If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded,.,类型五,虚拟语气用于,as if,（,though,）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与,wish,宾语从句的形式相同。例如：,She often laughs spontaneously,（不由自主地）,and her good humor,（好心情）,breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.,她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。,She looks as if she would cry.,她看起来好像要哭了。,类型六,if it were not for,与现在事实相反，,if it had not been for,与过去事实相反，两个都相当于,but for,：,If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded,.,特殊形式的虚拟语气,类型一,虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由,should(,可省略,)+,动词原形,that,从句。,A,、用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的,that,宾语从句中，这类动词有：,ask,要求,advise,建议,arrange,安排,beg,请求,command,命令,decide,决定,demand,要求,desire,渴望,determine,决定,insist,坚持,intend,打算,maintain,坚持主张,move,建议，动员,propose,提议,object,反对,order,命令,prefer,建议,require,需要,request,要求,resolve,下决心,recommend,推荐,suggest,建议,stipulate,约定，规定,urge,强调，促进,vote,公认，提议,decree,颁布（法令）,pray,请求,注意：这类动词后面除了可接,that,虚拟句以外，也可以接,doing,或者,to do,来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。,She advised that we should keep the gate locked.,（书面体）,She advised us to keep the gate locked.,（口语）,She advised keeping the gate locked.(,较随便,),用于,It is+,形容词或过去分词,+,主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：,advisable,合理的,decided,决定的,crucial,关键的,appropriate,恰当的,determined,决定的,commanded,命令的,arranged,安排的,essential,紧要的，基本的,complied,遵照,anxious,焦急的,imperative,迫切的,important,重要的,desirable,合意的,better,较好的，更好,insistent,坚持的,desired,想要,asked,请求,keen,渴望的,incredible,难以置信的,adamant,坚定不移的,natural,自然的,insisted,坚持,necessary,必要的,suggested,建议,urgent,紧迫的,ordered,命令,shocked,震惊的,vital,极其重要的,possible,可能的,strange,奇怪的,preferable,（好一点）,proposed,提议,requested,要求的,required,要求的,recommended,推荐,resolved,决定的,probable,（可能的）,pity,可惜，憾事,shame,遗憾,注意：这类形容词后面除了可接,that,虚拟句以外，也可以,forto do,来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。,It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is essential for him to be prepared for this.,用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：,advice,忠告,decision,决定,demand,要求,desire,要求、愿望,insistence,坚持,motion,提议,necessity,必要性,order,命令,preference,偏爱,proposal,提议,pray,恳求,recommendation,推荐,request,要求,requirement,要求,resolution,决心,suggestion,劝告、忠告,例如：,This is their resolution,（决心）,that extra-curriculum activities,（课外活动）,be made part of their school life.,这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。,The motion that the remark of the last speaker be deleted from the record.,该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。,混合虚拟语气 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语,If you that late movie last night,you wouldnt be so sleepy.A.havent watched B.didnt watch C.hadnt watched D.wouldnt have watched,答案选,C,。,Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.,Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he would be our chairman now.,混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合,。,I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been possible,but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.,该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。,Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination,（补考）,had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.,该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式,had been,。,含蓄虚拟条件句,含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为,if,引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（,1,）介词或介词短语，如,but for,but that,without,in case of,under more favorable condition,（在更有利的条件下）等。,the leadership of the party,we could not be living a happy today,A.In spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As for,If there hadnt been the leadership of the party,we could not be living a happy today.,