高考英语语填空解题技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,命题揭密,根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：,(1),纯空格题：,通常考,_,等四类词。一个空格只能填,个单词,(2),有提示词题型：,通常考,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,等。一个空格可以填,_,个单词,冠词、介词、连词和代词,一,动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,词性转换,一到两,名词,第一部分,纯空格,3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to,small town some 20 kilometers away.,4.I still remember taking _ visiting friend,from Canada,to a local Black Country pub,(,酒店,),for lunch.,考点一：冠词,名词之前,There once were a goat,(,山羊,),and a donkey,(,驴,),.So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.,2.When I see a child subject to,(,受到,),this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,nervous perfectionist,(,完美主义者,).,the,a,考查语法点,:,定冠词,不定冠词的用法,考点分析,a,a,无提示词,下列情况很可能填,：,(1)_+,可数,n.(,单数,),；,(2)_+,形容词,+,可数,n.(,单数,),。,下列情况下很可能填,：,(1)_(+,形容词,)+n.+,of,等介词短语,(,表示特指,),；,(2)_(+,形容词,)+n.+,定语从句,(,表示特指,),；,(3)_(+,形容词,)+n.+,不定式短语或分词短语,(,表示特指,),考点分析,不定冠词,定冠词,解题技巧,导学案冠词练习,KEYS:,1.the2.a3.a4.an5.an,6.the7.an8.the9.a,10.,a,the,考点二：介词,(1),介词,+,宾语（名词）,(2),不及物动词,+,介词,+,宾语,1.In short,I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in English,2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back _the girl,who was giving me the most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.,3.She found some good quality pipes,_,sale.,4.He was very tired,_,doing this for a whole day,of,at,考查语法点,:,介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,考点分析,on,from,无提示词：,注意固定搭配,be tired from,因,厌倦,当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。,因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。,具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。,解题技巧,导学案介词练习,1.into 2.by 3.by 4.with 5.to 6.as,7.about 8.at 9.beyond 10.for,考点三：代词,(1),作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意,形容词词性,和,名词性物主代词,的区别。,(2),指示代词,不定代词、反身代词等,考查语法点,:,代词的基本用法,考点分析,1.She remembered how difficult,_,was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _.,3.It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again:a smile,it,her,me,无提示词,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。,一个空格可以填_个单词,根据上表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：(1)纯空格题：通常考_ 等四类词。,merrily 6.,如recently,so far,up to now,up to the present,in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；,此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,to do)。,不定代词(something/anything等)、,whose;its 12.,We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_(receive)the gift.,考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配,除谓语动词以外的动词形式,Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉毛)(raise).,无提示词：代词,在句子中作,主语或宾语,时，通常填,代词,，包括,1.,人称代词,(I/me/you/he/him,等,),、,2.,指示代词,(it/this,等,),、,3.,不定代词,(something/anything,等,),、,4.,名词性物主代词,(mine/yours/his/hers,等,),、,5.,疑问代词,(which/who,等,),、,6.,反身代词,(,不能作主语,)(myself/yourself,等,),在,名词前作定语,就,只能用形容词性物主代词,(my/your/his/her,等,),。,考点分析,解题技巧,导学案代词练习,1.they 2.us 3.me 4.his,her,.theirs.mine,7,.itself,8.itself 9.herself 10.themselves,考点四：连词或从句引导词,两个主谓结构连接,Historically,it was famous for industry,which explains_the,area is called the Black Country.,2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,_ factory pollution turned the local skies black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.,3.Jane paused in front of a counter(,柜台,)_ some attractive ties were on display.,4.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up(,拔起,)all of his crop a few inches.,why,when,考查语法点,:,各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法,考点分析,where,that,无提示词,解题技巧,考点分析,解题技巧,并列句和复合句,并列句：,简单句,并列连词,简单句,复合句：,主句（主谓宾）,从句,（,连接词,主谓）,两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号，就,必须要用连词,，否则，句子的结构就不完整。,导学案介词练习,1,.but,2,.when,3,.or,4,.therefore/thus,5,.neither/nor,6,.however,7,.What,8,.what,9,.where1,0,.that,语法填空题,纯空格设计,纯空格,介词，连词，代词，冠词，,巩固练习,一、单句填空：,6.which;it 7.who;he/she 8.or 9.until 10.when 11.whose;its 12.why;that,13.that;that 14.other 15.yourselves,二、语篇感悟,（1）作主语或宾语用_形式。,was working 2.,why;that,accessible,Critics call her one of the _(great)writers of our time.,(09汕头水平考试),非谓语动词 to do,doing,done 及变形,inventor;inventions,这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：,这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：,(1)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。,suggestion,关于名词，从近两年的高考题来看，在语法填空中只考查了名词的复数形式，但名词的所有格也是可能要考的。,当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。,如recently,so far,up to now,up to the present,in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；,非谓语动词 to do,doing,done 及变形,Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.,【确定时态的3条依据】,第二部分,有提示词,考点五：谓语动词,有提示词,与主语构成主谓结构,1.I was certain she would like it because I _(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.,(07,广州一模,),2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.,(08,深圳二模,),3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.,(08,广东,),was told,kept,考查语法点,:,谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,考点分析,results,当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑_、_、_、_等四个方面。,【确定时态的3条依据】,(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，,空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据,。,但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。,(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。,(3)依据时间状语。如recently,so far,up to now,up to the present,in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of,since 1980,for three years常与完成时连用。,提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，但近两年全国卷和九年广东卷的高考真题,只考查了一般现在时和一般过去时,两种时态。,解题技巧,时态、语态、语气、主谓一致,导学案谓语动词练习,1.found 2.presented 3.says 4.arrived,5.is 6.goes 7.was 8.caught,9.were told 10.will be built,考点六：非谓语动词,有提示词,除谓语动词以外的动词形式,1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_(receive)the gift.,(07,广州一模,),2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _(complete)the rest!,(07,广二模,),3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored her.,(08,深圳二模,),4.Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(,眉毛,),(raise,).,(,11,广州一模,),receiving,to complete,included,考查语法点,:,非谓语动词及变形的使用,考点分析,raised,当句中,已有谓语,动词，横线前又,没有并列连词,与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,to do)。,解题技巧,导学案非谓语动词练习,1.living 2.built 3.to cool 4.to reduce,5.being 6.to stop 7.Smoking 8.to come,考点七：词性转换,有提示词,介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子,1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).,(07,深圳一模,),2.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.,(08,惠二模,),3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.,(08,广东,),4._(doubt),although there is still room for improvement to this policy,I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.,(09,汕头水平考试,),rudely,suggestion,考查语法点,:,各类词性的正确使用及转化,考点分析,natural,Undoubtedly,当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下,5,点顺利解决：,（,1,）作主语或宾语用,_,形式。,（,2,）在形容词性物主代词、冠词,(+,形容词,),、不定代词,(some,any,a lot of,等,),、介词后还没有名词时，就用,_,形式。,（,3,）作定语、表语或补足语用,_,形式。,（,4,）作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用,_,。,（,5,）当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的,前缀或后缀,，也可能用其,比较级或最高级,。,解题技巧,名词,名词,形容词,副词,考点归纳,在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。,从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下,3,点：,(1),形容词,副词。,(2),形容词,名词。,(3),名词,形容词。,导学案词性转换练习,8.careless 9.visitors 10.difficulty,考点八：形容词副词的级,有提示词,通常，有表示范围的,in/of,介词短语或形容词前有,the,时，一般要用最高级；,than,的前面一定要用比较级,One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher (07广州一模),2.We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.,When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using some of the few words I had learned.I felt _(lonely)than I had expected that night.(届江门二模),3.Lucille Clifton is an award-winning poet and writer.Critics call her one of the _(great)writers of our time.(双语报),worst,考点分析,less lonely,greatest,解题技巧,当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。,注意：,要善于分析语境,辨别省略了,than,的隐性比较级。,若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。如：,导学案比较等级练习,1.(卷I65)seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).,2.(卷I49)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the _(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.,考点九：名词,做主语或宾语,paintings,考查语法点,:,名词的单复数转化,考点分析,changes,解题技巧,名词在句中的典型用法就是作主语或宾语,(,位于及物动词或介词后,),。如果,括号中所给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时,，就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数形式。,考点归纳,关于名词，从近两年的高考题来看，在语法填空中只考查了,名词的复数形式,，但名词的所有格也是可能要考的。,导学案名词练习,4.activities 5.students,巩固练习,1.was working 2.accessible,5.merrily 6.to realize,11.inventor;inventions,14.truly,总结提升,一,根据句子结构，确定,词性,动词,名词,形容词,副词,冠词,介词,连词,代词,词性,一般有,提,示,词,无,提,示,词,总结提升,二根据上下文意义及语法，确定,词形,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,并列句及复合句,非谓语,非谓语动词,to do,doing,done,及变形,谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,连词,介词,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,词性变化,词汇,构词法,谓语动词,代词,人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词,根据语义,确定词,形,分析句子,确定词,性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是,寻找依据,每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在,所在的句子中或者上下文中,找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,总结提升,检查搭配,前后连贯,Thank you for attention!,Bye bye!,