高考英语总复习语法专题三时态与语态.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题三时态与语态,1/30,-,2,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,1,考查没有显著时间标志时态和语态,谓语动词时态、语态与语境关系非常亲密,尤其是在语法填空题中。语境能够提醒动作发生时间和背景,暗示出动作发出者和承受者详细信息。而高考英语对动词时态和语态考查则愈加语境化,题干中多未给出显著时间状语或标志词。,【经典例题,1,】,(,全国,卷,)When fat and salt,(remove)from food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.,解析:,依据语境可知,此处应为普通现在时,主语,fat,and,salt,与动词,remove,之间为被动关系,故要用被动语态形式,且主语,fat,and,salt,为复数,故要用,are,removed,。,考法总结,提醒信息没有紧紧跟在空前后,而是经过全文表达。,2/30,-,3,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,2,】,(,全国,卷,)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I,(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center.,解析:,句中没有显著时间状语,依据句意可知,这里说是,“,我被允许,”,。依据上一句时态为普通过去时能够确定此处填普通过去时被动语态。,allow,sb,to,do,sth,意为,“,允许某人做某事,”,此处用其被动语态形式。故答案为,was,allowed,。,考法总结,所给提醒词,allow,在句中做谓语,再依据主语和,allow,逻辑关系判断语态。,3/30,-,4,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,2,考查含有显著时间标志时态和语态,这类题目通常有较显著时间标志词,可能是明确时间状语,也可能是动词、动词短语等标志词,而这些标志性词汇是考生判断时态主要线索和依据。高考常考查时态有:普通现在时、普通过去时、普通未来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。,(1),若句中出现always,usually,every day/night/morning/evening,sometimes,often等词或短语时,通惯用普通现在时,但有时也要依据上下文语境。,4/30,-,5,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,3,】,(,全国,卷,)This cycle,(go)day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(,抵消)for the outside temperatures.,解析:,冒号前为一个独立句子,故此处填谓语动词。时间状语,day,after,day,意为,“,一天又一天,”,常与普通现在时连用。结合下句时态可知,此处应用普通现在时,主语为第三人称单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。答案为,goes,。,考法总结,由冒号后句子中谓语动词,warm,up,和,cool,off,可知用普通现在时。,5/30,-,6,-,基础考法,能力考法,(2),若句中出现yesterday,last week/month/year,just now,the other day,in 1997,.years ago,the day before yesterday等词或短语时,则用普通过去时。,【经典例题,4,】,(,全国,卷,)In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It,(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.,解析:,句意,:1969,年,位于俄亥俄州克利夫兰附近凯霍加河污染严重。当初极难想象这条河能够被清理洁净。依据上一句中时间状语,In,1969,可知,应用普通过去时。故填,was,。,考法总结,提醒词为,be,动词,考虑设空处于句中做谓语,;,再依据上一句中时间状语,In,1969,可知应该用普通过去时。,6/30,-,7,-,基础考法,能力考法,(3),若句中出现look,listen,now,at present,at this moment,these days等词或短语时,则用现在进行时。,【经典例题,5,】,(,北京卷改编,)Hurry up!Mark and Carol,(expect)us.,解析:,句意,:,快点,!,马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。依据,“Hurry,up!”,可知,此处用现在进行时。故填,are,expecting,。,考法总结,分析第二句句子结构可知,句中缺乏谓语,;,再依据标志短语,Hurry,up,及句意判断用现在进行时。,7/30,-,8,-,基础考法,能力考法,(4),若句中出现then,at that time,those days等词或短语时,则用过去进行时。,(5),若句中出现tomorrow,next week,in the future,later on,the day after tomorrow等词或短语时,则用普通未来时。,(6),若句中出现for.,since.,lately,recently,up to/till now,over the past.years,since then等词或短语时,则用现在完成时。,(7),若句中出现by then,by that time,until then,“by the end of+过去时间”等词或短语时,则用过去完成时。,8/30,-,9,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,3,考查主从复合句中前后时态呼应,(1),主句与状语从句时态呼应,假如主句是普通未来时,那么在由when,before,until,if,as soon as等引导表示未来时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,惯用普通现在时替换普通未来时;若主句为普通过去时,则从句也用对应过去时态。,9/30,-,10,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,6,】,(,全国,卷,)It was raining lightly when I,(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.,解析:,句意,:,当我恰好在拂晓前抵达阳朔时,天空正下着小雨。分析句子结构可知,when,引导时间状语从句,设空处于从句中做谓语,依据本句中,was,raining,可知,此处应用普通过去时。故答案为,arrived,。,考法总结,when,在句中引导时间状语从句,从句时态应和主句时态相呼应,结合主句谓语动词,was,raining,可知答案。,10/30,-,11,-,基础考法,能力考法,(2),主句与宾语从句时态呼应,当主句是现在时态或未来时态时,从句可用任何所需时态。当主句是过去时态时,若从句与主句动作同时发生,从句需用普通过去时或过去进行时;若从句描述是普通真理或客观事实,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用普通现在时。,(3),主句与定语从句时态呼应,定语从句中动词应依据动词本身所包括时间利用恰当时态。,11/30,-,12,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,4,考查一些固定句式时态,英语中有一些句式时态经常很固定,假如题干中出现这类句式,考生应注意依据规则选取适当时态。如:,(1)It is the first/second/.time that sb have/has done.,(2)It was the first/second/.time that sb had done.,(3)Sb was/were doing sth when.did.,(4)Hardly/Scarcely had sb done sth when.did.,(5)No sooner had sb done than.did.,12/30,-,13,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,7,】,(,陕西卷改编,)Jim,(watch)a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.,解析:,句意,:,吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影,就在看到一个扣人心弦场景时,突然电视机黑屏了。,Sb,was/were,doing,sth,when.did.,意为,“,某人正在做某事时,突然,”,。故填,was,watching,。,考法总结,分析句子成份可知,主句缺乏谓语,且空后有,when.went.,结合语境,when,在此有,“,突然,”,之意,考虑此处为,Sb,was/were,doing,sth,when.did.,句式,便可得出答案。,13/30,-,14,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,1,先,“,时间,”,后,“,选体,”,确定时态,(1),考生在做相关时态试题时,首先要确定动作发生时间:,依据句中明确时间状语或是时间标志词来确定时间;,依据上下文语境,挖掘其隐含信息,搞清时间先后次序,确定动作是发生在过去、现在还是未来。,(2),对应不一样时间要依据以下几点确定时态“体”:动作是否已完成、是否重复出现、是否是正在发生或进行中以及是否是按计划和安排要做事情。,14/30,-,15,-,基础考法,能力考法,【经典例题,1,】,(,北京卷,)Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?,The new,Star,Wars,.We,(wait)here for more than two hours.,解析:,句意,:,打搅一下,你们在等着看哪部电影,?,新星球大战,我们已经在这里等候两个多小时了。依据时间状语,for,more,than,two,hours,能够推断,他们一直在等,而且说话时候还在等,应该使用现在完成进行时。故填,have,been,waiting,。,15/30,-,16,-,基础考法,能力考法,考法,2,分析主谓逻辑关系,确定语态,依据主语和谓语之间逻辑关系确定动词语态。被动语态中主谓部分除了显著被动关系外,还有特殊使用方法,如主动形式表示被动含义。,【经典例题,2,】,(,辽宁卷,)Tai Chi,(call)“shadow boxing”in English.,解析:,句意,:,太极在英语中被称为,“shadow,boxing”,。,Tai,Chi,与,call,之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,又因本句介绍是普通事实,所以用普通现在时被动语态。故填,is,called,。,16/30,-,17,-,1,.(,全国,卷改编,)Our caf,(offer)a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.,2,.(,全国,卷,)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow,(be)often acceptable.,offers,考查主谓一致和普通现在时。句意,:,我们咖啡店提供完整午饭和小吃菜单,还有时令特殊食品。,is,考查主谓一致和普通现在时。句意,:,把不太主要事情留到明天通常是能够接收。分析句子结构可知,该句中主语为,“Leaving,the,less,important,things,until,tomorrow”,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,且由,often,可知应用普通现在时。故填,is,。,17/30,-,18,-,3,.Medicine should,(keep)in drawers children can,t reach,and all cleaning liquids in high cupboards.,be kept,考查被动语态。句子主语,Medicine,与,keep,组成动宾关系,且情态动词后要接动词原形。故用被动语态,be,kept,。,4,.This opening led to a cave,so the historians decided to have a look around it.The walls of the cave,(cover)with ancient art.,were covered,考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析该句结构可知,主语,The,walls,of,the,cave,和动词,cover,之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,;,且此处表示过去情况,主语为复数。故填,were,covered,。,18/30,-,19,-,5,.So far efforts by individual countries,(do)little to control the spread of terrorism.,6,.Sally,(take)some courses at university,so she can,t work fulltime at the moment.,have done,考查现在完成时。依据,So,far,可知,应用现在完成时,;,主语为,efforts,。故填,have,done,。,is taking,考查现在进行时。句意,:,萨莉在大学修着一些课程,所以当前不能全职员作。依据句意以及时间状语,at,the,moment,可知,这里应该用现在进行时,强调动作正在进行。,19/30,-,20,-,7,.In US high school,everything,(record)and graded,including your grades on quizzes,tests and final examinations.,8,.Lincoln said,“Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I,(spend)the first four hours sharpening the axe(,斧头).”,is recorded,考查普通现在时被动语态。,everything,和谓语,record,之间组成逻辑上动宾关系,且此处表示普通性描述。故用普通现在时被动语态,即,is,recorded,。,will spend,考查普通未来时。林肯说,:“,给我六个小时去砍倒一棵树,那么我会用头四个小时去磨斧子。,”“,祈使句,+and+,陈说句,”,是固定句式,陈说句中用普通未来时。,20/30,-,21,-,10,.To our great relief,the exam turned out to be not so difficult as we,(imagine).,9,.I,(wear)glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.They make me look like a bookworm.,have been wearing,考查现在完成进行时。句意,:,从小学起我一直戴着眼镜,我讨厌它们。它们让我看起来像个书呆子一样。依据句意及,since,引导时间状语从句可知,这里强调动作发生在过去,而且一直延续到现在而且对现在有影响,所以用现在完成进行时。,had imagined,考查过去完成时。句意,:,令我们宽慰是,考试没有我们想象那么难。从动作先后可知,as,从句中动作先于主句动作发生,属于过去过去,所以这里要使用过去完成时。,21/30,-,22,-,1,.(,全国,卷改编,)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.,2,.Angela woke up early every morning to study a bit before class.,3,.The door can,t be shut,so take all your valuable things with you.,usingused,考查被动语态。,fresh,vegetables,和,high,quality,oil,与,use,之间存在动宾关系,故用被动语态。,wokewakes,考查普通现在时和主谓一致。由,every,morning,可知,应用普通现在时,;,结合主语,Angela,可知,应用第三人称单数形式。,删除be,考查动词语态。表示主语内在,“,品质,”,或,“,性能,”,不及物动词,如,lock,shut,open,sell,cut,等,应用其主动形式表被动意义。,22/30,-,23,-,4,.Even if it rained,the football match will take place without delay next week.,5,.Caroline is the very person who give me a hand when necessary.,6,.This is the second time that I visited the famous national park.,rainedrains,考查普通现在时表未来。主句是普通未来时,让步状语从句中应用普通现在时代替普通未来时,故应改为,rains,。,givegives,考查普通现在时和主谓一致。依据,“Caroline,is,the,very,person”,可知,此处应用普通现在时,定语从句先行词为,person,。故用,gives,。,I,后加have,考查现在完成时。在,“This/It,is+the+,序数词,+time+that.”,句式中,that,从句谓语动词应用现在完成时。,23/30,-,24,-,7,.Instead of punishing me that day,my parents just hoped that I will never make such a foolish mistake again.,8,.Just then,a car stopped on the right side,and the driver was offered to help push our car to the roadside.,9,.Unfortunately,when my husband went downstairs,he found the machine broke.,willwould,考查普通过去时。由,that,day,及主句普通过去时可知,宾语从句也应用普通过去时。故将,will,改为,would,。,删除was,考查动词语态。依据语境可知,句子主语,the,driver,和谓语动词,offered,组成逻辑上主谓关系。故删除,was,。,brokebroken,考查过去分词用作形容词,做宾语补足语。,24/30,-,25,-,10,.Just now,Joanna is about to open the door for her son when the telephone rang.,iswas,考查过去未来时。句意,:,刚才,乔安娜准备去给她儿子开门时电话响了。由,rang,和,Just,now,可知,主句谓语动词动作为从过去某一点时间看将要发生动作,故应用过去未来时。,25/30,-,26,-,If you don,t mind 1.,(pay)for a plane ticket to go to one of the greatest party cities in the world,then Prague may be 2.,excellent choice for you.In 3.,(real),the most expensive thing you,ll have to pay for will be that ticket.Once you get there,you 4.,(find)an affordable hotel room easily with breakfast 5.,(include).,Prague is a city where the beer is 6.,(simple)cheaper than water.There you can taste 7.,(fantasy)beers at very low prices and taste them to the fullest on the street or in a club.8.,(be)you a fan of Irish music,you might visit Rock and Reilly,s Irish Pub.,26/30,-,27,-,There is enough room to get your groove(,音乐节奏)on,as the people are always 9.,a good mood.You,ll be singing until you have no voice anymore,and have great quality drinks at a low cost.You don,t need to book an accommodation near the center,as there is a subway train which will take you 10.,you want to go in a matter of minutes.,27/30,-,28,-,.,【解题导语】,本文是一篇说明文,介绍了世界上最棒聚会城市之一,布拉格。,1,.paying,考查非谓语动词。句意,:,假如你不介意买张机票逝世界上最大聚会城市之一话,那么布拉格可能会是一个绝佳选择。动词,mind,后要接动词,-,ing,形式做宾语,mind,doing,sth“,介意做某事,”,。故填,paying,。,2,.an,考查冠词。此处表示泛指,且,excellent,读音以元音音素开头。故填不定冠词,an,。,3,.reality,考查名词。句意,:,实际上,你将不得不买最贵东西将会是那张机票。,in,reality,是固定搭配,意为,“,实际上,实际上,”,。,4,.will find,考查时态。句意,:,一抵达那里,你就会很轻易找到一个你负担得起、提供早餐酒店房间。,Once,引导时间状语从句用了普通现在时表未来,主句要用普通未来时。,28/30,-,29,-,5,.included,考查非谓语动词。此处为,with,复合结构,其中,breakfast,与动词,include,之间为逻辑上动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语。,6,.simply,考查副词。句意,:,布拉格简直是一个啤酒比水还廉价城市。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰形容词比较级,cheaper,故要用副词,simply“,确实,简直,”,。,7,.fantastic,考查形容词。句意,:,在那里你能以非常低价格品尝到极好啤酒。空处修饰名词,beers,故用形容词,fantastic“,极好,”,。,8,.Were,考查虚拟语气。假如你喜欢爱尔兰音乐,那你能够去,Rock,and,Reilly,s,Irish,Pub,。依据语境及句子结构可知应填,Were,。本句是虚拟条件句。其中,if,从句用了省略形式,补充完整为,:If,you,were,a,fan,of,Irish,music,。,9,.in,考查介词。固定短语,in,a,good,mood,意为,“,心情好,”,。故填,in,。,29/30,-,30,-,10,.wherever/where,考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导是一个地点状语从句,且此处指是,“,因为有地铁会带你在几分钟内抵达你想要去,(,任何,),地方,”,。故填,wherever/where,。,30/30,