牛津英语上海版6A-基础知识解析(unit1-5).doc

Unit1
1. Words & expressions
family tree家谱
relative (n.)亲戚
grandson (n.)孙子
granddaughter (n.)孙女　
cousin (n.)堂兄弟，堂姐妹
nephew (n.)外甥
niece (n.)侄女，外甥女
else (adv.)另外，其他
able (adj.)能的；ability (n.)能力；
enable (v.)使......能够
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事
cook the dishes做菜
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.
给某人看某物
wash the dishes洗碟子
play games做游戏
do a puzzle猜字谜
go shopping去购物
2.Language structure
(1) 询问信息
v Who is this?/Who are these?这是谁？/这些是谁？
v How old is......? ......几岁？
v A：How many......have you got?你有多少......?
B：I have got ...... / I have only got one......我有....../我只有一个......
A：What do you usually do with your......?你通常和你的......做......?
B：I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth. with my......我总是/通常/有时候/从不和我的......做......
(2) 介绍
This is....../These are......这是....../这些是......
(3)What else do you do with your…?你和你的…还干什么？ With是个介词，后面接人称代词时，要用宾格的形式。 With me/him/her/it/us /them
(4)How many uncles do you have?你有多少个叔叔？
How many后面接可数名词的复数形式。
(5)always, usually, often, sometimes, never等被称为频度副词，提问应该要用How often…?通常情况下常用于一般现在时态的句子中，表示经常发生的习惯性动作或自然现象或事实。always表示动作的重复频率最高，usually其次，sometimes再次，never表示动作从未发生。
I often tell him about school.我经常告诉他关于学校的事。
I never show them my homework.我从未给他们看我的家庭作业。
(3) look（连系动词）+ adj. “看起来......”
Jim looks happy today.
Unit2
1. Words & expressions
friend (n.)朋友; friendly (adj.)友好的
love (n.)爱；lovely (adj.)可爱的
helpful (adj.)乐于助人的；
helpless (adj.)无助的
help (v./n.)帮助
help each other相互帮助
help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事
help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
other people=others其他人
angry (adj.)生气的；anger (n.)生气
angrily (adv.)生气地
be together一起
be kind to sb.对某人和善
share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物
She shares her bread with me .她把她的面包分给了我。
tell a lie撒谎
在具体的某一天用介词on
on Saturday在周六
on a winter night在冬天的一个晚上
on May 9在五月九日

look after sb. = take care of sb.照顾某人
look after sb. well = take good care of sb.好好照顾某人
find (v.)找到（不经意找到）
find out找到（经过努力找到）
look for寻找（不知道结果）
pick up拾起，捡起
put sth. into sp.把某物放在某地
promise to do sth.承诺做某事
promise not to do sth. 承诺不要做某事
keep one's promise遵守某人的诺言
make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
the friends of the earth地球的朋友
other people=others其他人
tell a lie = tell lies说谎
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事

discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论某事
2. Language structure
(1) 询问信息
l A：What do you like to do with your friend?你和朋友喜欢做什么？
B：We like to ...... together.我们喜欢一起做......
l What do you like about him/her?你认为他/她怎样？
l How can we look after the environment?我们怎样来照顾环境？
(2) 描述
n We like to be together.我们喜欢在一起。
n She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise.她总是努力工作并遵守她的诺言。
(3) 表示承诺
We promise to do......我们承诺做......
(4) always/sometimes/usually/never 是频度副词.在句中的位置是：放在行为动词的前面，放在be动词的后面。也可以说“行前系后”。 She is always kind.她总是很善良的。
She always helps other people.她总是帮助其他人。
不能出现这样的句子：She is always helps other people.(×)
一句话中不能同时出现两个动词。并且要注意主谓保持一致，尤其注意第三人称单数不可以忽略。
(5) already, just和yet的用法：
u 时间副词：already（已经），just（刚刚），yet（还）
already和just用于肯定句，置于句中、句尾皆可，yet用于否定句和疑问句中，通常放在句尾。常用在现在完成时态中，现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，其基本形式：have/has + 过去分词。例如，
Have you been to the Ocean park yet, Winnie?温妮，你曾经去过海洋公园吗？
No, I haven't been there yet.不，我还没去过那里。
Yes, I've already been there.是的，我已经去过那里。
Yes, I've just been to the Ocean Park.是的，我才去过海洋公园。
u have been to......和have been there的区别
have been to后跟表示地点的名词，而have been there中there是表示地点的副词，后面不能再跟地点。例如，
I have already been to Shanghai Museum.我已经去过上海博物馆。
Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world.I have already been there.东方明珠电视塔是世界上最高的塔之一。我已经去过那里。
（6） can‟t read or write.她既不会读也不会写。
or用在否定句中表平列关系。and用在肯定句中表平列关系。
She can read and write.她既会读又会写。

Unit3
1. Words & expressions
around (prep.)围绕，绕着
round (prep./adj)围绕，绕着/圆的
例如，They are sitting around the teacher.
他们坐在老师周围。
The green ball is almost round.这个绿球几乎是圆的。
be far away from……远离……
(opp.)be near…..在……附近
at weekends = at the weekend在周末
go shopping去购物
bring sb. Sth. = bring sth. to sb.把某物带给某人
on……(island)在……（小岛上）
on Lucky Island在幸运岛上
a photo of my family and me一张我和我家人的照片
visit (v.)参观
visitor (n.)参观者
collect (v.)收集
collection (n.)收藏，收藏品
in …..Bay/Town/City 在….湾/城/市
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
2.Language structure
(1) get there到达那里
注意：home, here, there等地点副词前不加to，例如，
arrive home到家，arrive at school到学校，e here到这里，e to my office到我办公室
(2) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy one’s time玩得愉快
(3)征求对方意见
What/How about (doing) sth.? （做）……怎么样？
(5)
Where have you been in….?你去了….哪个地方？
I have been to….in /on… 我去了….
Where have you been in Shanghai?你到过上海哪里？
I have been to Century Park in Shanghai.我到过上海的世纪公园。
（6）a photo of my brother and me 一张我哥和我的照片。
a photo of后接人称代词时，应该用宾格形式a photo of me/him/her/it/us /them
(7) cost以物作主语，通常是问价钱 sth costs sb. …yuan.
It costs me 20 yuan.
take以it作主语。通常是花费时间
It takes me 15 minutes to go to school.
spend 以人作主语，既可以是花费金钱，也可以是花费时间。
spend time/money on sth. spend time/money in doing sth.
I spend two yuan on this pen.=I spend two yuan in buying this pen.
(8)be going to 表将来be going to=will/shall
Shall 和第一人称连用， will 和第二，三人称连用
例如：
She will watch TV.= She is going to watch TV.
Unit4
1.Words & expressions
businesswoman (n.)妇女实业家
其复数为：businesswomen
fish (n.)
(1) 鱼肉[UN]
(2) 鱼（各种种类）[CN]其复数为：fishes
例如，Help yourself to some fish.
Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning.工人每天早上把鱼送到超市。
There are different fishes in the sea.在海里有不同种类的鱼。
businessman (n.)商人
其复数为：businessmen
cook (v./n.)烹调/厨师
cooker (n.)蒸煮器，炊具
cooking (n.)烹调术
teach (v.)教； teacher (n.)教师
drive (v.)驾驶； driver (n.)司机
policeman (n.)警察 (pl. policemen)
start/finish work开始/结束工作
例如，I start work at half past seven in the morning and finish work at eight o’clock in the evening.
start to do sth.=start doing sth.开始做某事
finish doing sth.结束做某事
secretary (n.)秘书 (pl. secretaries)
a bank clerk一位银行职员
put out fires扑火
too much + n.[u]太多的……
例如，too much time
much too + adj.太……
例如，much too cold太冷了
make sick people better使病人病情好转
2.Language structure
(1) would (not) like to be/do表达愿望，表示（不）想做某事。（相当于want to be/do，是较为婉转的表示法.)
I would缩写为I'd；would not缩写为wouldn't，例如，
I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。
I would like fish.我想要鱼。
---- Would you like to be a driver?你想成为一名司机吗？
----Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't.是的，我想。/不，我不想。
注意：like用作动词时翻译为“喜欢”，其用法是
l like to do sth.
l like doing sth.
l like sth.
例如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜欢画画。
(2) spend (spent, spent)花费
v spend (time/money) in doing sth.花费时间或金钱做某事，in可以省略
v spend (time/money) on sth.花费时间或金钱在某事或某物上，on不可以省略，例如，We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework. = We often spend an hour on our homework.我们经常花费一小时做作业。
He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday.
(3) 用because原因状语从句来说明理由。
because“因为”，提问要用why，例如，
----Why would you like to be a teacher?
----I would like to be a teacher because I want to teach children.

Unit5
1.Words & expressions
choir (n.)歌队，唱诗班，唱诗队
school choir校合唱队
programme (vi.)编程序
(n.)活动安排;(电视)节目;节目单
entrance (n.)入口
enter (v.)进入 = e/go into
school hall学校剧场
English club英语俱乐部
gym体育馆，健身房
listen to听（强调听的动作）
hear听（强调听的结果）
I listened to the teacher carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything.
finally (adv.)最后
final (adj.)最后的
the final exam期末考试
arrive (vi.)到达
arrive at(小地方) = get to = reach
arrive at school到达学校
arrive in(大地方) = get to = reach
arrive in Shanghai到达上海
注意：arrive home/get home到家
arrival (n.)到达
Open Day家长开放日
invite (v.)邀请
invite sb. To sp.邀请某人到某地
invitation (n.)请柬；邀请
staff room教工休息室
covered playground室内体育场
route (n.)路线，路径，航线，路，线路
the art and craft room美术及劳技教室
music room音乐教室
2.Language structure
(1) 用将来时谈论将来的事情
will + 动词原形，一般将来时表示将要发生的动作。例如，
The school choir will sing at two fifty.
(2) 用副词表达事情的进展顺序。例如，
First……;Next......;Then......;After that......;Finally......
(3) 学习用介词表示时间。例如，
2:40------twenty to three/two forty
2:20------twenty past two/two twenty
(4) 表示顺序的数词称为序数词；在哪一栋楼和房间的门牌号用基数词，在哪一层楼用序数词，例如，
room1002，on the second floor
注意：
² 一般在基数词后面加th构成序数词，但有些词有特殊变化，例如，
one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth
20至90这样的整十数字变为序数词时，只需把词尾的字母y改为ie, 再加th即可，例如，twenty→twentieth；在表达第几十几，第几百几时，只需将个位改为序数词即可，例如，twenty-two→twenty-second
² 序数词总是和定冠词the连用。例如，
the first lesson
(5) Kitty and her classmates took some photos for the English Club on the Open Day. Kitty和她的同学在家长开放日为英语俱乐部拍了一些照片。
这一句是一般过去时，句中took是take的过去式，表示过去发生的事情。本单元要牢记的动词过去式还有：listen→listened， visit→visited， arrive→arrived，
have→had， look→looked

典型练习题：
I.Choose the best answer
1. Mum spends one hour ____ food every day.
A. to cook B.cook C.cooking D.cooked
解析：本题考察动词spend的用法，其结构是“spend + 时间或金钱 + （in）doing sth.因此应选择C项。
2. There is ____ information board in our school.We can get some information about our school from it.
A. an B.one C.the D./
解析：information是个不可数名词，但是中心名词是后面的可数名词board，因此选择A项。
3. Canada is ____ the United States, but China is ____ it.
A. far away from, near B.near, far away from
C.near, away from D.away from, near
解析：本题考察be far away from sp.及其反义词be near sp.的用法，并且根据地理知识可判断出选择B项。
4. ----What are the foreigners doing now, Grace?
----They're listening to our school ____ in the hall.
A. choir B.project C.club D.information board
解析：考察短语school choir，因此选择A项。
5. Alice ____ near school, so she ____ to school every day.
A. lives, walk B.live, walks C.lives, walks D.is living, walk
解析：本题考察时态和人称，根据every day可判断用一般现在时，再根据人称可确定选择C项。
II.Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写下列句子）
1. Give some berries to your sister, please.（改为否定句）
______ give ______ berries to your sister,please.
解析：考察祈使句的否定结构。
2. I am going to stay in Guangzhou for a month.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ are you going to stay in Beijing?
解析：对一段时间提问使用how long
3. We cook with gas and electricity in the cities.（对划线部分提问）
______ do you ______ with in the cities?
解析：对物质提问使用what
4. They had a meeting last week.（改为一般疑问句）
______ they ______ a meeting last week?
解析：本题要借用助动词do的过去式，要特别注意时态。
5. Yesterday he spent ten yuan on this book.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ ______ he ______ on this book yesterday?
解析：对价格提问使用how much，并且要注意事态的一致。