第一讲 写作.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,写 作,第一讲,Review of oral task 1 and 2:,1.describe the favorite subject you have studied.Explain why it is your favorite subject.Include reasons and details to support your response.(2009.9.20),May favorite subject is English.,1)I like this subject because I think I have some talents in learning a foreign language.,I can remember the new words very well.,I am always the first one to answer the teachers questions.,2)Also,learning English can broaden my horizon.,I read international news and English movies from the internet.,English makes me feel so cool.,2.“children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so.”do you agree or disagree with the above statement?Why or why no?use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.(2009.9.20),I agree that,1)The first reason is that it is the right time we do,sth,to return our love to our parents.,they have taken care of us for so long,what we can do could help relieve their burden.,2)also,by.We can develop life skills and it will benefit us in the future.,if we study abroad one day,it is very useful,So,personally I agree.,一 题型描述,二 评分体系,三 评分标准,四 评分原则,五 应试策略,六 考前准备,一 题型描述,写作部分（,50,分钟）,题型,阅读,（,230-300,字）,听力,写作,综合写作,(Integrated),3,分钟,2-3,分钟,20,分钟,（,150-225,字）,独立写作,(independent),/,/,30,分钟,（,300,字）,题目内容：,综合写作：阅读,-,学术性主题；,听力,-,对阅读里的信息提出质疑或持；,写作,-,总结听力讲座中的要点,具体解,释他们是如何支持或驳斥文章里,的观点的。,独立写作：就某一话题阐述自己的观点。,2.,字数要求说明：,综合写作,：,ETS,格外说明，“只要考生所写内容能够回答考题，考生不会因为超字数要求而被扣分。”,独立写作,：,ETS,声称，“,300,词以下的文章依然有可能获的最高分，但经验表明，低于,300,词的文章通常不能足够地展开观点乃至无法获得,5,分的成绩，考生的作文字数并无上限。”,二 评分体系,1.,两名判卷人员分别评判综合与独立写作任务；即每个考生的作文至少由,4,位考官评判。,2.,两部分的得分加起来平均，得到的分值叫原 始分（,raw score,：,0-5,）,;,经过换算得到最终成绩,(scaled score:0-30),。,三 评分标准,1.,综合写作,5,分,：,successfully selects the important information,;,Coherently and accurately presents the information,in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading;,Well-organized;,Occasional language errors,do not result in fine presentation;,4,分,:,good in selecting the important,information,;,Good in Coherently and accurately presenting the information,in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading,but it may have minor omission,inaccuracy,vagueness or imprecision of some content;,Have,more frequent or noticeable minor language errors,as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.,3,分,:,contains,some important information,Conveys,some relevant connection,to the reading,but it is marked by one or more of the following:,Conveys only vague,general,unclear or imprecise connection,The response may,omit one major key point,made in the lecture.,Errors may be more frequent or,result in noticeable vague expressions,or obscured meanings.,2,分,:,contains,some relevant information,from the lecture.,The response significantly,misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection,between the lecture and the reading;,The response significantly,omits or misrepresents important points,made in the lecture.,The response contains,language errors,that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures.,1,分,:,the response provides,little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content,from the lecture.,The language level of the response is,so low that it is difficult,to derive meaning.,0,分,:copy sentences;not connected to the topic;written in foreign languages;blank;,2.,独立写作,5,分,：,effectively addresses the topic,Well organized and developed,using clearly appropriate explanations,exemplifications and details;,Display unity,progression and coherence;,Displays consistent facility in the use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety,appropriate word choice,though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.,4,分,：,address the topic well,though some points may not be fully elaborated,Generally well organized and developed;,Display unity,progression and coherence,though it may contain occasional redundancy,digression(,离题,)or unclear connections;,Displays facility in the use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary,though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure,word form,or use of idiomatic language;,3,分,：,addresses the topic using somewhat developed explanations,exemplifications and details;,Display unity,progression and coherence,though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured,；,May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.,May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary.,2,分,：,may reveal one or more of the following weaknesses:,Limited development in response to the topic,Inadequate organization or connections of ideas,Inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications,explanations or details to support.,Noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms,An accumulation of errors in sentence structure or usage.,1,分,：,seriously flawed by one or more of the following weaknesses:,Serious disorganization or underdevelopment,Little or no detail or irrelevant specifics or questionable responsiveness to the task,Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage,0,分,：,copy sentences;not connected to the topic;written in foreign languages;blank;,四 评分原则,基本原则：,Readers should focus on what the,examinee does well.,1.,全方位整体衡量，而不是寻求小错误和单项弱点。,2.,评判的重点在与考生是否利用已有的语言有效传达和展开思想的过程。,3.,不要求出口成章，文采飞扬，言词或文字的展开不是最关键的。,4.,特定语法点，词汇量不是评判的重心。,5.,可以开门见上，直入主题，介绍性和结论性语言不是必须的。,6.,综合写作部分必须是基于所给原文的本意而展开的陈述或论证，而不能任意杜撰信息。,五 应试策略,1.,阅读能力：迅速概括总结文章大意和结构。,Reason 1,Example 1,Example 2,Reason 2,Example 1,Example 2,Reason 3,Example 1,Example 2,Conclusion,2.,听力，速记能力,1,）背诵英语段落，尤其是托福题中的。,2,）积累一些速记方法。,a.,缩写：实词,b.,数学符号：逻辑关系,比如，,=,3.,转述能力,paraphrase,a.,词语转换：同义词,b.,句式转换：句式结构,4.,布局谋篇能力,五段三点式：开头段,+,中间三段,+,结尾段,六考前准备,1.,有一定的词汇，语法基础。,2.,语言需要有一定程度上的多样性。,3.,注意中西方思维的差异。,4.,积累热点话题。,5.,高度重视听写及听后概括大意的能力。,6.,多积累。,7.,多动手。,8.,注意新托福机考的特殊性。,