牛津英语9A-Unit-5--Grammar[1].ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 5 Grammar,Past perfect tense,1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.,一般过去时,表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。,强调过去某一特定的时间。,2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.,现在完成时,表示的动作发生在 过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。其结构为：“助动词,have,（,has,）,+,过去分词”,温故而知新,They,had arrived,at the station,before ten yesterday,.,1.They,arrived,at the station,at ten yesterday,.,2.I,have learned,1000 English words,so far,（至今为止）,.,I,had learned,1000 English words,till then,（直到那时）,.,温故而知新,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，,即“过去的过去（,past-in-the-past,）”。,-|-|-|-,一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点,那时以前,那时,现在,构成：,主语,+had+,动词的过去分词,(p.p.),Verb,Past perfect tense,Verb,Past perfect Tense,1.act,5.help,2.be,6.open,3.begin,7.see,4.bring,8.leave,had helped,had been,had left,had,seen,had acted,had opened,had begun,had brought,Complete the table:,主语,+had+,动词的过去分词,(p.p.),定义：,过去完成时：,强调,过去,某一个动作发生在,另一个动作,前,常常用过去完成时态。,1.,在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑 板,.,LiLei _(clean)the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom.,had cleaned,2.,当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。,The train _(leave)when we arrived there.,had left,We use it to talk about an action that happened,before,another action,in the past,.,构成：,1.The blackboard is clean because he _(clean)it.,The blackboard was clean because he _(clean)it.,had cleaned,2.We_ (learn)English for 6 years.,We _(learn)English for 5 years by the end of last year.,have learned,2.I _(go)to Li Hongs house yesterday,but he _(go)out.,1.They _(read)three books,by the end of,last week.,had read,had gone,has cleaned,had learned,Compare:,Mini-exercise:,3.The students _(learn)5 English songs,since last year.,have learned,went,is,was,She,had put,most of her effort into ballet training,before She entered,the film industry.,She put most of her effort,into ballet training.,She entered the film industry.,She,had been,a model before she became,a Hollywood superstar,.,She became a Hollywood superstar,.,She was a model.,She won an Oscar for Best Actress,She won a Tony Award.,She,had,already,won,an Oscar for Best Actress,when she won the Tony award for the play,Ondine,.,Gigi,Roman Holiday,Ondine,She is running,out of breath,.,Kitty and her classmates went to see,a film named My Fair Lady.,But they were late.,What happened to them?,Millie,a.Millie ran back to school.,b.She left her magazine,in the classroom.,had left,Why did Millie run back to school?,Millie,ran,back to school because,she,had left,her magazine in the classroom.,Simon,a.Simon,left school late.,b.The,football game started late.,Why did Simon leave school late?,had started,Simon,left,school late because,the football game,had started,late.,Daniel,a.Daniel arrived out of breath.,b.Daniel went to the wrong cinema.,had gone,Why did Daniel arrive out of breath,?,Daniel arrived out of breath because,Amy,a.Amy lost her purse.,b.Amy went to the police station.,Why did Amy go to the police station?,had lost,Amy went to the police station,because she,had lost,her purse.,he,had gone,to the wrong cinema.,Sandy had watched,Roman Holiday,before she,went to see,My Fair Lady,.,The following is her diary she wrote earlier.Can you,help her complete it?,10th December,Today,I watched“Roman Holiday”with my,friends.Kitty,was the first one to arrive at the cinema.,When Millie and I _(arrive),Kitty _(buy)the tickets already,.,Simon and Daniel came next.,Before Simon and Daniel _,（,come),Millie and I _(go,）,to get some,drinks.,Then,all,five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema.,Before Amy _(arrive),we _(finish)our drinks.,When we _(enter)the,cinema,the,film _ already _(start).,Luckily,we did not miss much.,(part A3,P.88),arrived,had bought,came,had gone,arrived,entered,had,started,had finished,The Opening Ceremony,of 29th Olympic Games in Beijing,Lin,Miaoke,She was born in Beijing in 1999.,She is a very clever and hard-working,girl.She,bgan,to play the piano at 6.She put her effort into dancing when she was five.She has been famous in,Beijing.She,has acted in about 50 advertisements.She has worked in 2 TV series.She attended the Opening Ceremony,（仪式）,of the 29th,Olmpic,Games.I,am proud of her very much,True or False,:,1,She had been very famous all over the word before the big event.,2,She had put her effort into dancing when she was 5.,3,She had acted in about 50 films,and 2 TV series before the event.,in Beijing,advertisements,Profile,No,she hadnt.,Yes,she had.,1 Had she learned dancing,before she was 6?,2 Had she attended any Olympic Games before this one?,3 Had her mother been pleased with her before the big event?,Millies mother is very busy.Millie had never helped Mum with housework before she knew the girls story.But it changed yesterday,Profile,Can you guess:,What had happened before her mother came back?,Had she,cleaned the window,?,She had washed the,bowls and plates,.,构成：,1.,肯定句,:,主语,+,助动词,had+,过去分词（,v-ed,）,+,其他。,其中,had,通用于各种人称。,1.They,had already had,breakfast,before they,arrived,at the hotel.,2.,否定句：,主语,+hadn,t,（,had not,）,+,v-ed,+,其他,3.,一般疑问句：,Had+,主语,+,v-ed,+,其他？,2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he,hadnt got,home.,4.,特殊疑问句,:,特殊疑问词,+had+,主语,+,v-ed,？,3.-,Had,you,known,anything about our school before you came here?,-Yes,I,had,./No,I,hadnt,.,4.What,had,your sister,been,before she became an actress?,Profile,English Name,:,Michelle,Yeof,Chinese Name,:,杨紫琼,Birthplace,:,Malaysia,（马来西亚）,Be good at,:,Chinese,Kongfu,Millies hero,action films,Millie is her fan.She is chatting,online with Sandy about her film.,Lets have a look at their,Conversation.,Millie:Hi,sandy.Isaw,an action film during the,holiday.It was really good,and my,favourite,film star,Michelle,Yeof,played,a lead role in it.,Sandy:I know you like her a lot.,_you _(see)any of her films,before you saw this one?,Millie:,Yes,I _,.,She _,（,act)in many other,action films before this,hollywood,film,.,Sandy,：,_ you _,（,watch,）,any other,films during the holiday,？,Millie:,No,I _.,That was the only,one.(Part,A4 p.89),Had,seen,had,had acted,Did,watch,didnt,Work out the rule,1.If we want to talk about,two past actions,in a sentence,the,Past Perfect Tense(,过去完成时,),is used for_.,a.the earlier action,（先发生的动作）,b.the later action,（后发生的动作）,2.For the later action,we use _.,a.Past Perfect Tense,b.Simple past Tense(,一般过去时,),the past,past,past,now future,earlier action,later action,Past Perfect Tense,Simple Past Tense,Pay attention:,I should,I would,和,I had,的省略形式皆为,I d,在具体运用时，应根据具体结构判定究竟哪种情况的省略。,注意,过去完成时典型错误例析：,1.,昨晚我们看了电影。,a.We had seen the film yesterday evening.,b.We saw the film yesterday evening.,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。,2,当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。,a.The film has been on for five minutes when I got there.,b.The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.,在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去，即“过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。,3.,到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。,a.By the end of last term,they have learned five English songs.,b.By the end of last term,they had learned five English songs.,by the end of last term,意为“到上学期末为止”，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。,4.,他昨天见到了,ill,，他们已有两年没见面了。,a.He saw Bill yesterday.They havent met each other for two years.,b.He saw Bill yesterday.They hadnt met each other for two years.,“他们没见面”是到“昨天”为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。,李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。,a.Li Mei was very glad,because she passed the mid-term exam.,b.Li Mei was very glad,because she had passed the mid-term exam.,当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中,pass the mid-term exam,的动作是发生在过去动作,was very glad,之前的，故,pass,需用,had passed,表示。,6.,他走进屋,打开灯,然后开始写起来。,a.He had come into the room,turned on the light and began to write.,b.He came into the room,turned on the light and began to write.,当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。,用所给动词的正确形式填空,(1/1),1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because,he _ (pass away)before,she was born.,2.She_ already_(clean)the blackboard before I entered the classroom.,had passed away,cleaned,had,用所给动词的正确形式填空,(1/1),1.He_(turn off)the lights before he left the classroom.,2._ your parents _(have)lunch when you arrived at home?,had turned off,Had,had,句型转换,(1/1),He had stood up before he cleaned the window.,_ he had stood up,he cleaned the window.,His father went to Beijing.He arrived home.,(,用,before,合并句子,),His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.,After,had gone to,arrived,选择题,(1/1),Millie_ some Chinese before she came to China.,A.learned B.has learned C.learnt D.had learned,She _ the first runner-up prize in a beauty contest before she _an actress.,A.have won,became B.had won,become,C.had won,became D.has won,became,翻译题,(11),1.,在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了,2.,踢完足球之后我买了瓶果汁,The film _ _ _ we,_ to the cinema.,_ I _ _,football,I _ a bottle of juice.,had,before,got,begun,After,had,played,bought,一 选择填空。,1.I lost the book I _,A have bought B bought C had bought 2.The bus had gone when I _ at the bus stop.,A have arrived B arrived C had arrived,3.Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday?,He _ Beijing,A,has gone to B had gone to C went to,4.By the time she was fifteen,Kitty _,(teach)herself a foreign language.,(2006,无锡市中考,),C,B,B,A.had taught B.taught C.has taught,A,5.I have bought you the books you want,Oh,，,good.I _ afraid you had forgotten,A was B am C had been,6.Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait,until her husband _home,A has left;comes B left,；,had come C had left,；,came,7.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get,the book she _ in the office.,A.had written,left B.were writing,has left,C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left,8.I met my old friend yesterday.We _ each other,for almost ten years.,A.havent seen B.didnt see C.hadnt seen,A,C,D,C,二用所给动词的适当形式填空。,1 Our English teacher _(teach)English in Shanghai for ten years,before,he came to our School.,2 _ the boy _(finish)his homework,before,you saw him?,3,When,I got there,the train _ already _.(leave),4,When,I arrived at the cinema,the film _(be)on for ten minutes.,5 Last week I didnt return the book to the library,because,I _(not finish)it.,6.,After,he had finished school,he _(join)the army.,7.,She said,she _ the film before.(see),8.,By,the end of last month,they _,(complete)the bridge.,had taught,Had finished,had left,had been,hadnt finished,joined,had seen,had completed,Homework:,1,Revise Past Perfect Tense,2.Exercises on P91-93,Thank you for your attention!,Goodbye!,