英语基本语法2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,英 语 的 基 本 句 型 结 构,五大基本句型,1.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语,2.S+V 主语+谓语（+状语）,3.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语,4.S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾,5.S+V+O+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,句 子 基 本 成 分,五 定语：定语是对,名词,或,代词,起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,定语位于被修饰的成分前,，称为前置定语，位于所修饰词之后称为后置定语。,不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。,单,词用作定语时须放在名词之后。,（1）形容词作定语：,The,little,boy needs a,blue,pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。,（2）数词作定语相当于形容词：,Two boys need,two,pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。,（3）形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：,His boy needs,Toms,pen.,他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。,（4）介词短语作定语：,The boy,in the classroom,needs a pen.教室里的男孩需要一支钢笔。,The boy,in blue,is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。,（5）名词作定语：,The boy needs a,ball,pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。,(6)副词作定语：,The boy,there,needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。,(7)不定式作定语：,The boy,to write this letter,needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。,（8）分词（短语）作定语：,The,smiling,boy needs a pen,bought by his mothe,r.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。,(9)定语从句：,The boy,who is reading,needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。,定语的位置:位置一般比较固定,1.,单词,作定语多放在其所修饰词之前。(前置定语),2.,短语,或,从句,作定语一般放在其所修饰的词之后。(后置定语),下列情况需要注意,1.副词作定语常后置。,People,here,like skating.,2.只可作表语的形容词作定语时一般后置。,Im the most happy man,alive,.,3.不定代词的定语一律后置。,I would like to have,something,interesting,to,read,.,不定代词，something，anything，nothing，everything，someone，anyone,4.不定式作定语要后置。,Its time for us,to go,.,5.各种短语作定语一般都后置，但也可用连字符连接变为复合形容词而前置。,My neighbour,next door,is very kind.,练习：选出下面句中的定语,1.what is your given name?,2.Do you know the boy behind the tree.,3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.,4.I have a lot to eat and dirnk.,5.Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad.,作业写出五个句子并标示出定语,1.what is,your given,name?,2.Do you know the boy,behind the tree,.,3.The man,downstairs,was trying to sleep.,4.I have a lot,to eat and dirnk,.,5.Tom is one of the engineers,who are sent abroad.,翻译 下面的句子,1这个房间里的孩子都是我的学生,2.你有什么重要的事情告诉我吗？,3.黑色的自行车是我的。,4.站在那的高个子男孩叫皮特。,5.他们有房子住,1 The chidren,in this room,are all my students.,2.Do you have anything,important,to tell me?,3.The,blanck,bike is mine.,4.The,tall,boy,who is standing there,is peter.,5.They have a house,to live in.,六 状语：,状语修饰,动词,、,形容词,、,副词,或,全句,，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，,可以放在句首，句中，句尾,。,（一）副词（短语）作状语：,The boy needs a pen,very much,.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）,（二）介词短语作状语：,In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）,（三）分词（短语）作状语：,He sits there,asking for a pen,.他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）,(四)不定式作状语：,The boy needs a pen,to do his homewor,k.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）,（五）名词作状语：,Come,this way,!走这条路！（方向状语）,（六）状语从句：,时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句。,After taking my name and address,he asked me some questions.,（时间）,No matter how hard he tried,she could not change her mind.,（让步）,练习：选出下面句子的状语,1.There was a big simle on her face.,2.He began to learn English when he was eleven.,3.With the medicine box under her arm,miss Li hurried off.,4.Every night he heard the noise.,5.You never know till you have tried.,(不尝试，不知道）,作业写出5个句子并标示出状语,七、宾语补足语：,有些句子中只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语。,位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。,名词，动词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，分词都可以做宾语补足语。,（一）名词/代词宾格+名词,The war made,him,a soldier,.战争使他成为一名战士.,（二）名词/代词宾格+形容词,New methods make,the job,easy,.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.,（三）名词/代词宾格+介词短语,I often find,him,at work,.我经常发现他在工作.,（四）名词/代词宾格+动词不定式,The teacher ask the students,to close the,windows,.,老师让学生们关上窗户.,（五）名词/代词宾格+分词,I saw a cat,running,across the road.,我看见一只猫跑过了马路.,Yesterday he had one of his leg,broken,.,昨天他的一条腿摔段了。,练习 选出下面句子的宾语补足语,1.He asked her to take the boy out of school.,2.They call me Lily sometimes.,3.She found it difficult to do the work.,4.I saw Mr.wang get on the bus.,5.They pushed the door open.,作业写出5个句子并标示出宾语补足语,八、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并,对名词代词的补充说明和解释。,We,students,should study hard.(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生),We,all,are students.(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们),Mr.zhang,our new history teacher,is a middle-aged man.,五大基本句型,1.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语,2.S+V 主语+谓语（+状语）,3.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语,4.S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾,5.S+V+O+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补,4.,S(主,),+Vt（谓,),+In O（间接宾）+D O,(,直接宾）S,(主）+Vt（谓）+DO（直接宾）+to/for+InO（间接宾）,I,give,you,help,.,I,sent,him,a book,.,He,bought,a coat,for,me,.,He,sent,a book,to,me,.,I,bought,May,a present,.,Give,a thief,enough rope,and,he,ll hang,himself,.,（多行不义必自毙）,She,told,us,an interesting stor,y.,Wh,o,gav,e,Jim,an apple,?,通常间接宾语放在直接宾语之前，有时亦可放在直接宾语之后，这时间接宾语前一般要加介词to或for。,常用于带双宾语的动词有：answer,bring,buy,give,keep,lend,make,pay,sell,send,show,take,tell,teach,write,，hand,pass,等,间接宾语位于直接宾语后加for的及物动词,buy，book，cook，choose，design，find，fetch,keep,order,prepare,spare,My parents bought me a computer.,=My parents bought a computer for me.,She sang us a folk song.,=She sang a folk song for us,.,间接宾语位于直接宾语后加to的及物动词,announce,explain,express,introduce,suggest,describe,report,complain,mention,give,You explain me the question.,=You explain the question to me.,The teacher introduced us the famous expert.,=The teacher introduced the famous expert to us.,主语+谓语+间接宾语+疑问词+动词不定式,The teacher told,them,what to do next,.,She asked,me,how to solve the problem,.,练习：写出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语,1,.please tell us a story.,2.,My father bought a new bike for mr last week.,3.,Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.,4.,Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.,5.,Did he leave any message for me.,翻译下面句子,1.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。,2.约翰先生去年教我们德语。,3.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新的自行车。,4.请你给我一本新书，好吗？,1.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,2.Mr john taught us German last year.,3.My father has bought a new bike for me.,4.Will you give a new book,please?,5.S(主）+Vt（谓）+O（宾）+O C（宾补）,I,make,you,clear,.,We,named,our bab,y,Tom,.,He,painted,the wall,white,.,I,wish,you,to,stay,.,I,hear,d,my name,called,Did,you,see,him,go out,?,He,didnt wish,it,mentioned,.,W,e,cant leave,him,alone,.,I,found,him,in a hurry,.,1.形容词（短语）作宾补,They didnt believe the story,possible,.,He found his new job,very boring,.,I felt it,necessary,to make everything clear.,2.名词（短语）作宾补,I consider him,a good teacher,.,They called their daughter,Mary,.,She made it,a rule,to keep a diary.,3.介词短语作宾补,We found the class,in good order,.,He found the newspaper,out of date,.,Dont put your dirty clothes,in the box,.,4.副词（短语）作宾补,I want to ask Tom,in,.,Dont leave me,behind,.,5.不定式作宾补,What do you advise me,to do,?,our parents often tell us t,o make friends carefull,y.,有时使役动词和感官动词会省to,Please let the bird,go,.,I often hear him,read English,in his room.,I saw the thief,run away,.,6.分词（短语）作宾补,He found Helen,reading,there.,He had them,laughting,.,I had my bike,stolen,.,I want it,finished,now.,练习 1填空,Let him _.(进来）,We made our classroom _(明亮）,Father has some employees _(work),all day and all night.,Did you have your bike _?(repair),翻译下面句子,1.我们叫她爱丽丝。,2.他的父母给他取名约翰。,3.我们要使学校变得更美丽。,4.她正在听别人讲故事。,5.我要你把真相告诉我。,分析下列句子成分,1.Our school is not far from my home.,2.He broke a piece of glass.,3.He didnt come.,4.My mother passed me a cup of water.,5.We will make our school more beautiful.,6.We must do some exercise.,7.I will get my hair cut tomorrow.,谢谢,观赏,WPS,Office,Make 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