高中英语 模块7 Unit9 Agreement & Synecdoche课件 牛津版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 9,and,Agreement,Synecdoche,初级英语与语法与修辞,English Grammar and Rhetoric,Contents,Back to,school,Lead-in,Homework,Looking Ahead,Approaching the Topic,Discovering Grammar,Applying Grammar,Further Development,Synecdoche,Back to,school,Lead-in,Brazil has won the World Cup again!,How is the subject-verb agreement achieved and what does the speaker mean by the term Brazil in the sentence?,Looking Ahead,Know the three principles governing subject-verb agreement.,Learn to keep agreement in number between the subject and the predicate verb.,Learn to use synecdoche to substitute a part for a whole and vice versa.,1.Please fill in the blanks with proper forms of,to be,to complete the sentence,Back to,school,Approaching the Topic,is,is,are,are,My home is not far from the school.Ten minutes _ enough.,Smoking _bad to our health.,The police _ wanting the robber.,There _ a pair of glasses,two pens and some books on the desk.,Read the passage on page 77 and pay attention to the subject-verb agreement in number.,Back to,school,The verbs in the passage are:,keeps,is,is,receives,are,means,are,means,are,were,passed,was,speaks,introduce,bring,is,is,remain,Back to,school,three principles governing subject-verb agreement.,grammatical agreement,The verb must match its subject in number.,meaning agreement,The verb must agree with the subject in meaning not in form.,Principle of proximity,The verb must agree with the nearest noun or noun phrase in the subject.,Discovering,Grammar,语法一致原则,主语是,单数,，谓语动词用,单数,形式，,主语是,复数,，谓语动词用,复数,形式。,E.g.,Books are by far the most lasting products of human efforts.,Book is by far the most lasting products of human efforts.,意义一致原则,主语和谓语的一致,不是,由主语的,语法形式,来,决定，而,是,由主语所,表达的意义,来决定。,E.g.,What was then said and thought,still,speaks,to us as vividly as ever from the printed pages.,The class,are,preparing for the pres,entation,.,就近一致原则,谓语动词的单,复数取决于离它最近的主语。由,either,or,neither,nor,not only,but also,，,whether,or,there be,句型和倒装句,等连接引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则,。,E.g.,Not only,friends,but also,a good book,keeps us company in our life.,There is,a teacher and fifty students,in the classroom.,主谓一致的具体原则,1,、当,-,ing,分词、不定式和名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用,单数,。,（,所以三组句子中的,A,都是对的，,B,都是错的）,2,、当主语部分是用,and,或,bothand,连接而且指代的 是两个或两个以上人或物时，谓语用,复数,；,但当,and,或,bothand,连接的主语指代的是一个人或物时，就用,单数,谓语动词。,e.g.,Bread and butter,is,popular with the young.,My teacher and mother,is,very kind.,Jack and toms father,is,an engineer.,A worker and writer,is,also going to be invited.,注：,当主语后面带有,with,as,well,as,together,together,with,along,with,besides,except,but,including,rather,than,等介词短语时，谓语应该和这些介词前的主语保持一致，不考虑介词后的内容和意思。,and,连接的两个主语都受到,each,every,no,的修饰时,谓语用单数形式。,e.g.,Every girl and every boy,is,beautifully dressed.,3,.,当主语是分数（包括百分数）加,of,most of,the rest of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a quantity of a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,等短语时，谓语动词的数应该与,of,后面的名词短语保持一致，,即：,如果名词是,单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语用,单数,；,如果名词是,复数名词,，谓语就用,复数,。,E.g.,One fifth of the students,are,from the countryside.,Answers,：,is,seems,is,are,was,4.,表示,时间、距离、长度、重量、金额、价格,等的复数名词当被看做一个整体时，用单数谓语动词。但如果强调复数意义时，用复数谓语动词。,当主语是,e,ither,(of),neither,(of),each(of),neither(of,),somebody,anything,everyone,everything,something,someone,no one,nothing,no body,时，谓语动词用单数形式。,当主语是,both(of),some(of),many(of),few(of),all(of),等构成的短语动词并表示附属概念时，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数形式。,E.g.,Some students,are,fond of football while most prefer basketball.,Some of the apple,has,gone bad.,5,主语是不定代词的情况,主语是,who,时，根据它的表达的意义来决定谓语的单复数。,E.g.,Who,is,it?,Who,are,the people standing outside?,主语是,many a(more than one),+,可数名词单数时，虽然是复数概念，但谓语动词仍是单数形式。但如果主语,and,连接两个受,many a(more than one),修饰的名词时，谓语用复数。,E.g,.,Many a student,has,finished exercises.,Many a father,and,many a mother,only,care,for their childrens study.,5,主语时不定代词的情况：,Back to,school,Applying Grammar,1.Match the words from the following three parts to make complete sentences,.,20 divided by 5 is four.,Tom,as well as jack,is fishing.,The audience are mostly moved to tears by the words.,What we need badly here is doctors.,The cattle are eating grass in the field.,Physics is an interesting subject.,Swimming is a good way to keep healthy.,The class are expecting a picnic.,Bread and butter is delicious food.,2.,Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences.,A A C C B B C C C D,3.,Tick the correct English translation for each Chinese sentence.,B B A B,1.Answers:,2.Exercise,1.Where,_ _,that five dollars I lent you?,A.is B.are C.has D.have,2.The number of the students in that,school_ greatly increased in recent,years.,A.has B.have C.is D.are,3.A number of students in our class_ seen the film.,A.has B.have C.is D.was,4.This kind of apples_ very good.,A.tastes B.Taste,5.No news _ good news.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,A,C,B,A,A,6,.,Ten weeks_ passed since the new term began.,A.has B.have C.is D.are,7.One hundred kilometers _ a large distance.,A.is B.are C.has D.have,8.Many a student_ popular music.,A.enjoy B.enjoys,9.Every man and woman_ invited to the party.,A.were B.was,10.Neither she nor I_ wrong.,A.am B.is C.Are,A,A,B,B,A,11.The police_ been sent to search the murderer,A.has B.have,12.Nobody but Wu Dong and Tom_ in the room.,A.was B.were,13.He as well as I_ active in singing.,A.am B.is C.are,14.Tom with his parents_ watching TV.,A.is B.are C.am,15.Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast.,A.are,B,.is C.was D.were,B,A,A,A,B,Further Development,Correct the sentences(on page 77),2 My family,like,music,3 The singer and dancer,is,coming.,5 Each boy and each girl,is,invited.,7 No boy and no girl,is,invited.,1/4/6/8,正确,Synecdoche,提喻,Synecdoche(,提喻,),以部分代替整体或以整体代替部分；以类属代替其中一种或一种代替所在的类属；以原料代替用该原料制成的东西；以个体代替一类。该词格中的两事物只是相关，并没有相似之处。,Study it,A part for the whole(,以整体代替部分,),e.g.,I will count three hundredthats five minutesand not one of you is to move a muscle.,我数,300,下,也就是五分钟,你们谁都不许动一动。,（这里,muscle,代替的是整个身体。）,Study it,A part for the whole(,以整体代替部分,),e.g.,They were short of hands at harvest time,他们在收获时节缺少人手。,（手是人体的一部分，因此人们常用它来代替各种各样的人。这里以,hand,代替,worker,）,Study it,A whole for the part(,以部分代替整体,),e.g.,Greece has won the Euro Cup in 2004.,以,Greece,代替希腊足球队（,Greek Football Team,）,The world is still ignorant of the fact.,The world,指代世人（,the people in the world,）,Study it,One thing for a genre,（以一种事物代替一类事物）,He managed to earn his bread.,他设法谋生。（以,bread,代替,food,）,Study it,A genre for one thing,（以一类事物代替一种事物）,The smiling season has come.,春天已经到了。,(,以,smiling season,代替春天,),What a lovely creature she is!,多么漂亮的女人！,（,creature,是一大类，女人只是其中的一种）,Study it,Name of the material for the thing made,(,以原料代替制成品,),E.g.,Have a glass of water.,有一杯水。（以,glass,代替,a glass cup,）,He was dressed in silks and satins.,他穿着绫罗绸缎。,（,Silks and satins,代替,clothes made of silks and satins,）,Study it,The individual for a kind of person,（以个体代表一类）,This young man is very clever.He may,ve,another Edison.,像爱迪生一样聪明的发明家,(,用,Edison,代替,an inventor as clever as Edison),Practices it,1,、葡萄酒（以原材料代替其制品）,2,、棉质的衣服（以原料代替其制品）,3,、三个小孩（以部分代替整体）,4,、工人（以部分代替整体）,5,、一个人在偷听（以部分代替整体）,6,、自行车（以部分代替整体）,7,、帆船（第一幅，以部分代替整体）,8,、铜币（第二幅，以原材料代替其制品，,指零钱,）,Practices it,1,、,The prisoner was bound in irons for ten years.,那个囚徒戴着手铐脚镣被关了,10,年。,(,这里,iron,代替由铁制成的,“,手铐和脚镣,”,),Practices it,2 He paid the workers$5 per head.,他付给每个工人五块钱。,(,以,head,代替,person),Practices it,3 He earned his daily bread with honest,labour,.,她通过诚实的劳动来谋生。,以,bread,代替,food,Practices it,4 I saw some new faces in the classroom.,我在教室里看到一些谋生人,(,新面孔）。,以,face,代替,person,Practices it,5 He deserted to save his skin.,他为保命，逃之夭夭。,以,skin,代替,person,Practices it,6 I have his ear,I could.,他当然要听我的。,以,ear,代替,person,Practices it,7 Great minds,think alike.,英雄所见略同。,以,minds,代替,persons,Practices it,8 He walked the boards for a living.,他为谋生当演员。,以,broad,（木板）代替,stage,（舞台）,Homework,1.Write a passage about your daily life,pay attention to the agreement we have learned in this unit.,2.Find more cases of Synecdoche.,3.Preview the new terms to be used in Unit 10.,