英语数词用法 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语数词用法,数词分,基数词,和,序数词,两类。一、数词的分类,1.,基数,A,从,110,one,，,two,，,three,，,four,，,five,，,six,，,seven,，,eight,，,nine,，,ten,B,从,1119,eleven,，,twelve,，,thirteen,，,fourteen,，,fifteen,，,six,teen,，,seventeen,，,eighteen,，,nineteen,C,从,2199,特殊,:,twenty,，,thirty,forty,，,fifty,，,eighty,21 twenty,-,one,76 seven,ty-,six,D,百位数,101 a hundred and one320 three,hundred and,twenty648 six hundred and forty-eight,E,千位数以上从右向左数起，每三位数加一个逗号,“，”。第一个“，”是,thousand,，第二个是,million,，第三个是,billion,。,5,237,166,234 five,billion,，,two hundred and thirty-seven,million,，,one hundred and,sixty-six,thousand,，,two hundred and thirty-four,F,1),基数词表示,确切,的数字时，,不用复数,形式,.2),表示,不确切,数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时,则以,复数,形式出现。,There are,hundreds of,people in the hall,Thousands and thousands of,kids come here,They went to the theatre in,twos and threes,.,G,人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式。,He became a professor,in his thirties,She died of lung cancer in forties,It was,in the 1960s,H,基数词的句法功能可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。,The two,happily opened the box,（作主语）,They three,tried to finish the task,（作同位语）,2.,序数词,表示顺序的词称为序数词。,A,第一至第十九,特殊,:first,，,second,，,third,，,fifth,，,eighth,，,ninth,，,twelfth,其他,:,添加“,th,”,。如,sixth,、,nineteenth,B,从第二十至第九十九变,y,为,i,，再加“,eth”,构成。,twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth,表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上,连字符“”和个位序数词形式,一起表示。,thirty-first,第三十一,fifty-sixth,第五十六,seventy-third,第七十三,ninety-ninth,第九十九,C,第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变,结尾部分为序数词形式,one hundred and twenty-first,第一百二十一,one thousand,，,three hundred and twentieth,第一千三百二十,D,序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。,first,lst,second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth 6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd,其中,lst,，,2nd,，,3rd,为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上,th,。,E,序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。,The second is what I really need,（作主语）,He choose the second,（作宾语）,We are to carry out the first plan,（作定语）,She is the second in our class,（作表语）,注：通常前面要加定冠词,the,；但出现不定冠词,a,或,an,时，则表示“再,”,，“又,”,。,Well go over it a second time,Weve tried it three times,Must we try it a fourth time?,另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。,the first lesson,Lesson,Onethe fifth page,Page,5,（,five,）,the twenty-first room,Room,21,（,twenty-one,）,二、时刻表示法,1.,几点钟,5:00,读作,five,oclock,或,five,2.,几点过几分,five,past,seven,七点过五分,half past six,六点半,a quarter past eight,八点过一刻,seven past eight,八点过七分,3.,几点差几分,ten to eight,差十分八点,a quarter to twelve,差一刻十二点,twenty to six,差二十分六点,也可以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。,6:31,读作,six thirty-one,10:26,读作,ten twenty-six14:03,读作,fourteen o three16:15,读作,sixteen fifteen18:30,读作,eighteen thirty23:55,读作,twenty-three fifty-five,another,other,more,修饰数词的用法,1.another,A)another,表“,另一个,”时只跟可数,名词单数,B),表“,另外的、额外的、附加的,”之意时，可跟带有,few,或具体数字的,复数名词,1,Have you finished your report yet,？,No,，,I will finish it in,10 minutes,A,another B,Other C,more D,less,2,The strike may last,another three days,罢工可能还要持续三天。,3,There is room for,another few people,in the back of the bus,公共汽车后面还能坐下几个人。,4,Ill be here for,another few weeks,我在这儿还要呆几个礼拜。,2.other,A),表“,另外的,”接复数名词，则置于数词之后,B),但与定冠词,the,连用时，,other,要放在数词前。,1,Tony is going camping with _boys next Sunday,A,little two other B,two little other,C,two other little D,little other two,2He asked me to fetch,three other,recorders,再拿三台录音机来。,3,Do you know where he found,the other two,photos,？另外两张照片,3.more,1,more,（,1,）,She has got,five more,electric fans,她还有五台电扇。,（,2,）,One more step,（,One step more,），,and Ill shoot you,再走一步，我就开枪打死你。,（,3,）,Where shall we be in,ten more,years,？再过十年，我们会在什么地方呢？,2,more,还可与,a little,，,a few,，,a lot,，,several,等词连用，而且名词也可是不可数名词。如：,（,1,）,Id like to buy a few more copies of English Weekly,我想再买几份,英语周报,。,（,2,）,There are many more dictionaries on the desk,课桌上有许多词典。,（,3,）,Would you like some more tea,？再喝点茶好吗？,4.,名词省略,如果前后意思清楚，,another,或,more,后面的名词可以省去。如：,1,I climbed the stairs slowly,，,carrying a big suitcase,，,my father following with two more,注：,时刻表上的时间大多采用,24,小时表示法，这样就不需要用,a.m.,表示上午，,p.m.,表示下午了。,三、年月表示法,1.,世纪,可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪,century,表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加,s,表示,the sixth,（,6th,）,century,公元六世纪,the eighteenth,（,18th,）,century,公元十八世纪,the,1900s,二十,世纪,the 1600s,十七世纪,2.,年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成,in the,1930s,（,in the thirties of the twentieth century,或,in the nineteen thirties,）在二十世纪三十年代,in the 1860s,（,in the sixties of the 19th century,或,in the eighteen sixties,）,在十九世纪六十年代,3.,表示早,中,晚期,年代前添加,early,，,mid-,，,latein the early 1920s in the mid-1950s,4.,年月日,表示法,A,年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以,hundred,为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。,nineteen hundred and forty-nine,或,nineteen forty-nine1800 eighteen hundred253 two hundred and fifty-three,或,two fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two,或,nineteen o two,使用,year,时放在数词之前。,in the year two fifty-three B.C.,在公元前,253,年但是，通常采用,in,加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。,B.,月份,：,in May in July,。,除,May,，,June,，,July,外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但,September,除外。,JanuaryJan,一月,FebruaryFeb,二月,MarchMar.,三月,AprilApr,四月,AugustAug,八月,September,Sept,九月,OctoberOct,十月,NovemberNov,十一月,DecemberDec,十二月注：点不能省略。,C,日期,:the,加序数词表示,National Day is on Oct.1.,（读作,October first,）也可以,National Day is,on the 1st of October,5.,morning,，,afternoon,，,evening,等词前用介词,in,。但是，当这些词前后有定语，,in,应改为,on,。,On a cold morning,，,the old man died lonely,I dont want to be disturbed,on nights,It happened,on the afternoon of July 7,四、加减乘除表示法,1.“,加,”用,plus,，,and,或,add,表示；“,等于,”用,is,，,make,，,equal,等词表示。,2+3=?How much is two plus three?2+3=5 Two plus three is five,Two and three is equal to five,Two and three make five,Two added to three equals five,If we add two to/and three,we get five,2.“,减,”用,minus,或,take from,表示,10,6,?,How much is ten minus six?10-6=4 Ten minus six is four,Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four,3.“,乘,”用,time,（动词）或,multiply,表示,3X4,?How much is three times four?3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve,Multiply three by four,，,we get twelve,Three multiplied by four makes twelve,4.“,除,”用,divide,的过去分词形式表示,164=?How much is sixteen divided by four?164,4 Sixteen divided by four is four,Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four,五、分数表示法,1.,基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“,1”,，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。,3/4 three fourths,或,three quarters1/3 one third,或,a third,24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth,或,three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter,或,a quarter1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter,2.,当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于,1,，名词用复数；小于,1,，名词用单数。,1 1/2 hours,一个半小时（读作,one and a half hours,）,5/6 inch,六分之五英寸,2 3/4 meters,二又四分之三米（读作,two and three-fourths meters,）,4/5 meter,五分之四米,六、小数表示法,1.,小数点,左,首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字,合起来读,；小数点,右,首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字,分开来读,；小数点读作,point,，,o,读作,zero,或,o,ou,，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。,0.4 zero point four,或,point four,零点四,10.23 ten point two three,十点二三,25.67 twenty-five point six seven,二十五点六七,l.03 one point o three,一点零三,2.,当数字值大,/,小于,1,时，小数后面的名词用复,/,单数,1.03 meter,s,一点零三米,0.49 ton,零点四九吨,l.5 ton,s,一点五吨,七、百分数表示法,百分数用基数,percent,表示,50,fifty percent,百分之五十,3,three percent,百分之三,0.12,zero point one two percent,百分之零点,percent,不用复数形式,。,八、数量表示法,1.,A),基数词,+,单位词,（,meter,，,foot,，,inch,，,kilogram,等）,+,形容词,（,long,，,wide,，,high,等），,B),基数词,+,单位词,+in+,名词（,length,，,width,，,height,，,weight,等,three feet high,或,three feet in height 3,英尺高,four inches wide,或,four inches in width 4,英寸宽,This box is 2 kilograms in weight,The city wall of,Xian,is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high,2.,表示,时间、距离,时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。,five minutes walk an hours ride three kilometers distance,3.,表示,温度,时，用,below zero,表示零下,.,基数词,+degree,（,s,）,+,单位词,（,centigrade,摄氏或,Fahrenheit,华氏）表示。,thirty-six degrees centigrade,或,36,摄氏,36,度,four degrees below zero centigrade,或,-4,摄氏零下,4,度,Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit,4.,名词性短语作定语时，其中的,名词用单数,形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用,连字符“,-”,来连接。,a five-minute walk a sixteen-year-old girl,5.,表示“比,大（或）几倍”的说法。,This room is two times bigger than that one,这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。,The dictionary is four times thicker than that book,这本词典比那本书厚四倍。,My age is two times older than his,选择填空。,1,March is _month of a year,A,a three B,the third C,a third2,We will have a meeting at 8:05_,A,five to eight B,eight five C,eight o five3,Eight plus eight is_.A,sixteen B,sixty-four C,one4,He is an _boy,A,eight years B,eight-year-old C,eight-years-old5,We will have a_ walk,A,ten minutes B,ten minutes C,ten-minutes,B,the third,C,eight o five,A,sixteen,B,eight-year-old,B,ten minutes,6,The wall is_.A,four meters long B,four meter long C,four-meter long,7,Whats the date today?Its_,A,March the eight B,March eighthC,eight,，,March8,It happened in the 1040s,A,in the forties of the eleventh century,B,in the forties of the tenth century,C,in the forty,9,About_ of the earths surface is covered with water.A.three-fours B.three-fourth C.three-fourths,A,four meters long,B,March eighth,A,in the forties of the eleventh century,C.three-fourths,10.He went down to the village which was _miles away from the city.A.three hundreds B.three hundredC.three hundreds of,B.three hundred,