高考英语一轮复习 第二讲 数词和主谓一致课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第二讲,数词和主谓一致,范围,特点,实例,1,12,无规律,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,13,19,以,-teen,为,结尾,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,20,90,以,-,ty,结,尾,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,21,99,十位与个位之间要加连字符,“,-”,twenty-five,sixty-two,ninety-nine,101,999,百位与十位之间通常用,and,three hundred and twenty-five(,美语中常将,and,省略,),千以上,/,6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five,；,1200twelve hundred,数词,一、基数词,范围,特点,实例,1,19,各基数词尾加,-th,fourth,sixth,nineteenth(first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,例外,),20,90,把,y,变,i,后加,-eth,twentieth,fortieth,ninetieth,21,99,最 后 一 个 数 用 序 数,词，其余用基数词,21sttwenty-first,，,110thone hundred and tenth,二、序数词,时,间,表,达,汉语示例,英语表示法,2010,年,6,月,30,日,June 30,2010/30 June,2010/30th June,2010,七点二十五分,(7,：,25),seven twenty-five/twenty-five past seven,十二点五十四分,(12,：,54),twelve fifty four/six to one,九点十五分,(9,：,15),nine fifteen/a quarter past nine,二点半,(2,：,30),two thirty/half past two,二十一点五十分,(21,：,50),twenty-one fifty/ten to twenty-two,数,字,表,达,第二十一,twenty-first,第一百二十三,one hundred and twenty-third,三分之一,a third,二又五分之二,two and two-fifths,百分之二十,20 percent,三、数词的用法,1,英,语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数、编号、算式表示法列表,2.hundred,thousand,million,billion,表示确切的数目时，不,能加,-s,。如：,two hundred students,。如果表示不确切的数目，则,在后加,-s,，并与,of,连用。如：,hundreds of teachers,thousands of,farmers,millions of stars,。,3,scores of,与,dozens of,都表示概数，意为“数十；许多,”。,如：,scores of eggs(,许多个鸡蛋,),dozens of eggs(,许多个,/,数打鸡,蛋,),都是成立的；可以说,a score of eggs,，但不能说,a dozen of,eggs,。,4,年,代的表示法有两种。如：“在二十世纪八十年代”可,写成,in the 1980s,或,in the 1980s,。,5,“,基数词名词”构成的定语，其中的名词用单数。如：,a three-month baby,an 800-word composition,6,序数词前如有,the,，表示顺序。如：,the Second World War,第二次世界大战,the first question,第一个问题,如果序数词前有不定冠词,a,，则表示“再；又”。如：,Ive failed six times,but I decided to have a seventh try.,我已经失败了六次，但我决定再尝试一次。,原则,概念,例句,语法一,致原则,指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；,主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式,Steve Ember is a good player.,Children like toys.,意义一,致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的内,在涵义。主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形,式；主语表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式,My family are having lunch now.,News is travelling fast nowadays.,就近,原则,谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式取决于,最靠近它的主语,There is a knife and two forks on,the desk.,He or you have taken her book.,主谓一致,主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语,的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的数。,一、主谓一致原则一览表,二、概念归纳,1,表,时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整,体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：,Two hours is quite enough.,两个小时足够了。,2,以,-s,结尾的,名词作主语时，根据其意思来决定谓语动词,的单复数。,表学科的名词,(physics,等,),、书报名,(the,Times,等,),、国名,(the,United States,等,),或组织名称,(the United Nations,等,),及,news,作主,语时，谓语动词用单数。,单复数同形的名词，如,means,works,等作主语时，谓语,动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：,Every means has been tried.,每种方法都试过了。,All means have been tried.,所有的方法都试过了。,the Olympic Games,作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,3,集,体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。,people,police,cattle,youth,等名词作主语时，谓语动词用,复数。,clothing,furniture,equipment,等,名词作主语时，谓语动词,用单数。,family,class,government,等,名词表示整体概念时谓语动,词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。,4,“,a number of/a variety of,复数名词”、“,the,形容,词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“,the number of/the variety of,复数名词”、“,the,形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语,动词用单数。如：,The beautiful is loved by all.,美的事物人人都爱。,(,表抽象概念,),5,以,and,连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数,形式，但名词前有,each,every,no,修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：,Walking and riding are good exercises.,散步与骑车是很好的运动。,Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday.,每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。,注意：,当,and,连接的两个,单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、,物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：,The teacher and writer is popular with his students.,那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。,(,指同一人,),6,动,名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但,what,引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：,What we need is time.,我们需要的是时间。,What we need are books.,我们需要的是书籍。,7,主语后接,with,together with,including,combined with,along with,as well as,but,except,besides,like,rather than,in,addition to,等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复数而,定。如：,John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.,约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。,8,在“,one of,复数名词,who/that”,引导的定语从句中的,谓语动词用复数，但当,one,之前有,the only,very,等修饰时，从,句中的谓语动词用单数。如：,This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning.,她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。,This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this,morning.,她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。,9,glasses,shoes,trousers,等复数名词若其前有,pair,kind,type,box of,等量词修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。,如：,A pair of shoes is under the bed.,床下有一双鞋。,10,由“,a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of,名词,/,代词”或“分数,/,百分数,of,名词”作主语时，谓语动词,视其所,接的名词的单复数决定单复数。如：,Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students.,五,分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。,The rest of the money belongs to you.,剩下的钱是你的。,11,由,or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also,等连接的,名词或代词作主语及,there be,结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语,保持一致。如：,Not only we but also the teacher likes listening to MP4.,不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢听,MP4,。,12,不定代词,(all,指人除外,),、“,many a,名词单数”、“,more,than one,单数名词”作主语时，,谓语动词用单数。如：,All has been finished.,所有的都完成了。,All are late for the meeting.,所有人开会都迟到了。,More than one person has made the suggestion.,不只一个人提出了建议。,