状语从句讲解-高三二轮复习.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 4 状语从句（一）,状语从句讲解,在复合句中由,从句表示的状语,称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,准确掌握每一个,连词,的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。,同时要注意主从句的,时态呼应,。,考核要求,定义,九种常用的状语从句,时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句,状语从句有九种，,时地原因条状补，,目比结果方让步，,连词引导各不同；,主句通常前面走，,连词引导紧随后，,从句若在主前头，,主从之间有个逗。,连词,状语从句类型,从属连词,时间状语从句,when,，,whenever,，,while,，,as,，,before,，,after,，,since,，,till,until,，,notuntil,the moment,，,immediately,，,no soonerthan,，,the first/secondtime,，,instantly,，,hardlywhen,地点状语从句,where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere,原因状语从句,because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),结果状语从句,so that,sothat,suchthat,条件状语从句,if,，,unless,，,as long as,suppose,，,supposing,，,in case,，,so far as,，,provided,目的状语从句,so,，,so that,，,in order that,，,for fear that,，,lest,让步状语从句,although,though,however(=no matter how),even if,whetheror,方式状语从句,as,，,as if,，,as though,比较状语从句,as,as,，,not as,as,，,than,Identify the types of the Adverbial Clauses.,1.While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place.(),2.Where there is a will,there is a way.(),3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.,（）,4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.(),5.So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.(),6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.(),7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.(),8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.(),时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,方式,时间状语从句,掌握：,1.when/while/as,2.before/after/since,3.till/until,4.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the instant,the minute,on doing,5.time,名词短语,时间状语从句-when/while/as,When I,lived,there,I,used to,go to the seashore on Sundays.,The plane,had already taken off,when I,got to,the airport,.,When you,have finished,your work,you,may have,a rest.,总结：,when,的用法,1,When,he was a young man,he was fond of hunting.,As a young man,he was fond of hunting.,总结：,when,的用法,2,时间状语从句-when/while/as,We,were swimming,in the lake,when,the storm started.,He,was about to,tell me the secret,when,someone patted,him on the shoulder.,We,had just fallen,asleep when the bell,rang,.,总结：,when,的用法,3,How can he get good grades,when,he wont study?,总结：,when,的用法,4,连接词,when,的用法小结,1.when,引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。,2.,可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于,and at this/that time,。常用于下列句式：,Somebody was doing something/was about to do,sth,./was on the point of doing,sth,.(,刚要,这时突然,),when,3.,还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于,since;considering that,。如：,It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes,.,How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?,whenever,是,when,的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，,而是经常发生的习惯性动作。,You are always welcome whenever you come.,无论你何时来都欢迎。,Whenever we met with difficulties,they came to help us.,每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。,时间状语从句-when/while/as,Please dont talk so loud,while,others are working.,They were surprised that a child should work out the,problem,while,they themselves couldnt.,While,I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like,the person.,Strike,while,the iron is hot.,总结,while,用法,1 2 3,while,的用法,1.while,引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对 比。如：,Please dont talk so loud while others are working.,2.while,作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。,3.while,可表示尽管，相当于,although,。,时间状语从句-when/while/as,The little children sang happily,as,they walked along.,As,I washed clothes,I listened to the music.,总结：,as,用法,As,time goes by,we have gained more knowledge.,With time going by,we have gained more knowledge.,时间状语从句-when/while/as,时间状语从句-when/while/as,三者可表示“,当,时候,”，区别如下：,(1),若,主句,表示的是一个,短暂性动作,，,从句,表示的是一个,持续性动作,，三者都可用：,I came across an old friend of mine,when,while,as,I was walking down the street.,(2),若,主、从句,表示,两个同时进行的持续性动作,，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用,while,：,I kept silent,while,he was writing.,时间状语从句-when/while/as,(3),若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“,一边,一边,”之意思，通常用,as,：,She sang,as,she went along.,(4),若,从句,是一个,短暂,性动作，,主句,是一个,持续性,动作，可用,as/when,但不用,while,：,It,was raining,hard,when,as,we,arrived,.,(5),若主从句表示的是,两个同时,(,或几乎同时,),发生的短暂性,动作，用,as/when,：,I thought of it just,when,as,you opened your mouth.,就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。,时间状语从句-when/while/as,(6),若要表示两个正在,发展变化,的情况，“,随着,”，用,as,：,Things are getting better and better,as,time goes on.,As,it grew darker,it became colder.,(7),when,可用作,并列连词,，表示“,这时,(,突然,)”,；,while,也可以用作,并列连词,，表示,“而”,、,“却”,(,表示对比,),；但,as,则没有类似用法：,We were about to start,when,it began to rain.,He likes coffee,while,she likes tea.,时间状语从句-when/while/as,注意：,当使用连接词,when,表示“,这时，突然,”时，它所引导的,从句,中,谓语,动词用,一般现在时或者一般过去时,，不能用完成时态；,when,，,while,和,as,都引导表示时间的状语从句，它们的区别在于,动作发生的时间顺序,。用,when,时，从句的动作可以与主句的,同时发生或先于主句动作发生,；用,as,时从句和主句动作,同时发生,；用,while,时从句和主句动作,同时发生,，也可表示,持续一段时间,。,*,when/while/as,1._ time went on,things began to change.,2.She thought I was talking,ahout,her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.,3._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.,4.I was walking along the road _ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.,5.The students sang _ they went along.,when,As,while,While,as,一边,.,一边,and then:,正在,的时候,突然,随着,.,表对比,:,而,表让步,:,虽然,6.Strike _ the iron is hot.,7._ a,child,he,lived in the countryside.,8.Be careful _ crossing the,steet,.,while,As,when/while,as+n,.=when.,时间状语从句-before/after,Before,在,之前；,After,在,之后,表示主从句的动作先后发生,1.,当,主句,用,将来时,，,从句,总是用,现在时,；,2.,如果,before,引导的,从句,谓语用的是,过去时,，则,主句,动词多用,过去完成,时；,3.After,表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与,before,引导的从句相反。,before,用法小结:,1)在以前,Think before you speak.,2.,常用于,It +be+,时间段,+before,在,之后才,(,强调时间的长,)”,在否定句中则表示“没过多久就,(,强调时间的短,)”,It will be two years before we meet again.,Several weeks had gone by,I realized the painting was missing.,A.as,B.before C.since D.when,时间段,+pass/go by+,before,sb,know,realize,常译为“不知不觉就”,A year passed before we knew it.,3,常于情态动词,can/could,连用：还没来得及,就,4,before,表示“以免，不然，趁,”,Do it before you forget.,Why didnt you tell him about the meeting,？,He rushed out of the room,I could say a word.,A.before B.until C.when D.after,Its cloudy.Take an umbrella,you,regret,it.,A.but B.and C.after D.before,5.before,引导的从句在与,will,would,连用时，有“宁愿,也不”,的含义。,They would fight to death,they surrendered(,投降,),A.before B.after C.since D.because,before,It will be+,一段时间,+before,从句,(does),要过,才能做,It will,not,be+,一段时间,+before,从句,要不了,就能做,It was+,一段时间,+before,从句,(did),过了,做了,It was,not,+,一段时间,+before,从句,(did),没过,做了,*,after,After he finished his,work,he,left there.,He finished his work,before,he left there.,After finishing,his,work,he,left there.,:,conj&prep,.,1.It is almost five years,we saw each other last time,before B.since C.after D.when,2.That was really a splendid evening.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.,A,when B.that C.before D.since,3.It was some,time_we,realize the truth.,A.when B.until C.since D.before,4.It was evening_ we reached the little town of Winchester,A.that B.until,C.since,D.before,5.Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes.It was not yet eight,oclock_he,arrived home(2005,福建,),A.before,B.when,C.that D.until,B,D,D,D,B,译,1.It will be three days before you can open,the cover of the jar.,2.It will not be ten years before we meet again.,3.It was ten years before we did the experiment.,4.It was not long before we returned back.,5.Before they reached the station,the train had gone.,6.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.,7.Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.,时间状语从句-since,since,引导的从句的谓语动词可以是,延续性,的动词，又可以是,瞬时,动词。一般情况下，,从句,谓语动词用,一般过去时,，而,主句,的谓语动词用,现在完成时,。,I have been in Beijing,since,you left.,句型：,It is+,一段时间,since,从句,延续性动词,:,反过来翻译,短暂性动词,:,直译,It is 10 years,since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking),自从我不抽烟已有,10,年了,.,时间状语从句-since,It is five years,since,Tom began to smoke.,汤姆吸烟有五年了。,It is five years,since,Tom smoked a cigar.,汤姆不吸烟有五年了。,It is three years since she was in our class.,她离开我们班有三年了。,It is three years since he lived here.,他不在这住有三年了。,时间状语从句-till/until,till,和,until,一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在,强调句型,中多用,until,。,注意：,如主句动词是,延续性动作,，常用,肯定式，,表示“,直到,为止,”,;,如主句动词是,瞬间动词,，常用,否定式,，表示“,直到,才,”,I did,nt,go to bed,until,（,till,）,my father came back.,It,was,not until,the meeting was over,that,he began to teach me English.,I,worked,until,he came back.,I did,nt,work,until,he came back.,not until,句型,与强调句型结合,I didnt go to sleep,until he came back.,与倒装句式结合,It was not until,he came back,that,I went to sleep.,Not until,he came back,did I go,to sleep.,时间状语从句-“一.就.”,必背：,1.,一,就,还可以用,on/upon doing,结构来表示。,On arriving home he called up Lester.,2.immediately instantly directly,相当于,as soon as,，从句中用一般过去时态。,They phoned her immediately they reached home.,他一到家马上就给她打了电话。,3.the moment,the minute,the instant,the second,这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示,“,一,就,”,。,He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.,他说他一到家就打开电视机。,Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.,告诉他，他一到我就要见他。,The second the bell rang,the students rushed out of the classroom.,铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。,4.hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan,这两个短语都表示刚,就,，可以互换，,主句通常用去完成时。,He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.,他刚出发就想起家来。,注意：当,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。,名词短语引导的时间状语,every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the time,等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当,；每次,；下次,”,等。,Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.,Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.,The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.,(1),当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用,一般现在时表示将来意义,。,Turn off the lights,before,you,leave,.,I will tell him,as soon as,he,arrives,.,(2),与,since,从句搭配的主句的时态通常是,现在完成,时态。,He,has lived,here,since,1999.,Where,have you,been,since,I last saw you?,时间状语从句时态,1,One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend,away _ my daughter heard cries for help.(2011,浙江高考,),A,after,B,while,C,since D,when,2,He had no sooner finished his,speech_the,students started cheering.(2011,辽宁高考,),A,since B,as,C,when D,than,3,As is reported,it is 100,years_Qinghua,University,was founded.(2011,四川高考,),A,when B,before,C,after D,since,1.It wasnt until nearly a month later,_ I received the managers reply.,A.since B.when C.as D.that,2.,It was nearly a month _I received the managers reply.,3.,It was nearly 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.,4.,It was nearly at 9 oclock,_I received the managers reply.,before,when,that,考点,:,易混淆句型,it is+,时间,+since,before,when,that,It is five years _he finished his research.,It was five years _he finished his research.,It was five years later _he finished his research.,It was 5 oclock _ he got home.,It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.,when,that,since,before,that,4,If a lot of people say a film is not good,I wont bother to,see it,or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.(2011,上海高考,),A,whether B,after,C,though D,until,5,How long will it be _ the professor makes,another visit to China?,It all depends.(2011,江苏南通市第一次调研,),A,until B,before,C,since D,when,1.Each time I was in trouble,he could come,to help me out.,2.It is three years since I smoked a cigar.,3.It will be half a year before I come back.,4.We had sailed four days and four nights,before we saw land.,5.Before I could get in a word,he had,measured me.,时间状语从句练习题,1.,我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。,2.,别人在工作时，别高声谈话。,3.,他匆忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。,4.,我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。,5.,那男孩子一见到他妈就放声大哭。,6.,我一到家，天就下起雨来。,时间状语从句练习题,翻译练习,7.,我在那一直等到他爸爸回来。,8.,知道你告诉我，我才知道这件事。,9.,他还没吃饭就去上学了。,10.,这个工程师还没到火车站前，火车就开走了。,11.,过不了多长时间我们就会再见面。,12.,我不吸烟有三年了。,条件状语从句,1,连接词：,if,unless(ifnot),so/as long as,in case,2,注意点：,分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，,非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气,If I were you,I would ask the police for help.,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时,在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。,与现在事实相反：,If,从句,主句,+V,原,2),与过去事实相反：,If,从句,had,Ved,主句,+have,Ved,3),与将来事实相反：,If,从句,主句,+V,原,were,V-ed,should(would,could,might),should(would could,might),did,should,were to,should(would,could,might),1,、表示与,现在,事实相反的假设和结果,eg,.If I,were,you,I,would go,at once.,我是你的话，我会马上走。,eg,.If my brother,were,here,everything,would be,all right.,要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。,2.,表示与,过去,事实相反的假设或结果,eg.If,you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you,would/could/might have met,the famous singer.,如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。,eg.If,I,had had,the money last week,I,should/would/could/might have bought,a car.,如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买,1,辆车。,3,、表示与,将来,事实可能相反的假设和结果,eg.If,it,were,sunny tomorrow,I would come to see you.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,If it,should rain,the crops would be saved.,假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。,If it,were to snow,this evening,they would not go out.,如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。,条件状语从句的倒装,与倒装句型结合,If I were you,I would have a rest.,Were I you,I would have a rest.,if,If you,work,harder,you,will succeed.,Work harder,and,you will succeed.,Work,harder,or,you,wont,succeed.,Working,harder,you,will succeed.,unless,Unless he comes,we wont be able to go.,If he doesnt come,we wont be able to go.,:if.not,除非,链高考,2010,山东,The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,unless accompanied by an adult.,学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许外出学校。,【,完成例句,】,除非被邀请，不然我是不会参加会议的。,I will not attend the meeting,unless I am invited,.,一旦被发现，他就会被逮捕。,Once(he was)found,he would be arrested.,【,结论,】,(1),常见连词：,if/unless/once/as(so)long as/on condition that/provided(providing)that/suppose(supposing)that/say that/Lets say that,(2),unless,ifnot,意思是“如果不,/,没有,”,1,He had his camera,ready_he,saw something,that would make a good picture.(2011,山东高考,),A,even if B,if only,C,in case D,so that,2,My students,_ you have a heart loving life,you,can always find things that would make you happy each day.(2011,郑州六校质量检测,),A,as long as B,if only,C,as though D,even though,解析：,考查连词用法。句意：我的学生们，只要你们有一颗热爱生活的心，你们每天总能发现让你们开心的事情。,as long as,表示,“,只要,”,。后三项分别表示,“,但愿,”“,似乎,”“,即使,”,，都不符合句意。,答案：,A,3,_ children believe they can succeed,they will,never become totally independent.(2011,河南部分重点中学联考,),A,If B,Though,C,Unless D,When,4,Have you got enough members?,Carol says she will join us _ the salary meets her expectations.(2011,西城,4,月一模,),A,until B,if,C,though D,unless,翻译练习,1.,除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。,2.,你只要不灰心，就会成功,3.,假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？,4.,万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么啊？,地点状语从句,地点状语从句通常由,where,wherever,（,where,的强势语）和,everywhere,，,anywhere,等引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。,1.where,在,地方，去,地方,Where there is a will,there is a way.,有志者，事竟成。,I found my books where I had left them.,我的书在我原来放的地方找到了。,注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。,【,误,】You should put the book at where it was.【,正,】You should put the book where it was.,你应该把书放在原来的地方。,【,误,】We should go to where we are needed most.【,正,】We should go where we are needed most.,我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。,where,引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在,定语从句中,where,作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。,Bamboo grows best where its wet and rainy.,竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。,Bamboo grows best in places where its wet and rainy.,竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。,2.wherever,在任何,地方，无论哪里,Wherever you go,you should do your work well.,不论到什么地方，都要把工作做好。,判断下列句子类型,1.You would let your children play,where,you can see them.,2.You would let your children play,in the place where,you can see them.,3.Youd better make a mark,where,you have any questions.,4.Youd better make a mark,at the place where,you have any questions.,1,There she was,standing exactly _ I had left her,crying bitterly.(2011,郑州六校质量检测,),A,when B,that,C,where D,in which,2,Dad,the company is in trouble now.I want to resign as manager.,I advise you to stay in the post.The company needs you