2025年大学大三（英语）英语语言学试题及答案.doc

2025年大学大三（英语）英语语言学试题及答案

（考试时间：90分钟 满分100分）
班级______ 姓名______

第I卷（选择题，共40分）
答题要求：本部分共有20个小题，每小题2分。请从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并将其字母标号填入题前括号内。

(1) Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness
B. Duality
C. Displacement
D. Instinctiveness
(2) The study of language in relation to society is called ______.
A. psycholinguistics
B. sociolinguistics
C. applied linguistics
D. general linguistics
(3) The smallest meaningful units of language are ______.
A. phonemes
B. morphemes
C. words
D. sentences
(4) A word that can be used independently as a single word is called a(n) ______.
A. bound form
B. free form
C. inflectional form
D. derivational form
(5) The process of adding an affix to a root word is called ______.
A. compounding
B. derivation
C. inflection
D. blending
(6) The main function of syntax is to ______.
A. study the meaning of words
B. analyze the structure of sentences
C. explore the sounds of language
D. investigate language use in context
(7) Which of the following is a semantic relation between words?
A. Synonymy
B. Antonymy
C. Hyponymy
D. All of the above
(8) The meaning of a word that is based on its actual use in a particular context is called its ______.
A. denotative meaning
B. connotative meaning
C. conceptual meaning
D. grammatical meaning
(9) Pragmatics is concerned with the study of ______.
A. language structure
B. language meaning
C. language use
D. language change
(10) When we use language to establish and maintain social relationships, we are using it for ______.
A. informative function
B. interpersonal function
C. performative function
D. emotive function
(11) Which of the following is an example of a first language acquisition theory that emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement?
A. Behaviorist theory
B. Innatist theory
C. Interactionist theory
D. Cognitive theory
(12) The process by which children learn the rules of grammar by observing and analyzing the language around them is called ______.
A. language acquisition device
B. universal grammar
C. language learning
D. language acquisition
(13) According to Krashen's Monitor Model, the acquisition system is ______, while the learning system is ______.
A. conscious; unconscious
B. unconscious; conscious
C. fast; slow
D. slow; fast
(14) Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting second language acquisition?
A. Motivation
B. Age
C. Intelligence
D. Hair color
(15) The study of how people use language to communicate in different social situations is called ______.
A. discourse analysis
B. pragmatics
C. sociolinguistics
D. psycholinguistics
(16) A dialect is a variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular ______.
A. region
B. social group
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
(17) The standard variety of a language that is used in formal settings and by the media is called the ______.
A. dialect
B. pidgin
C. creole
D. standard language
(18) Code-switching refers to the practice of ______.
A. using two or more languages in the same conversation
B. changing the meaning of a word
C. adding an affix to a root word
D. deleting a sound in a word
(19) Which of the following is an example of a language family?
A. Indo - European
B. English
C. Chinese
D. Spanish
(20) The study of the sounds of language is called ______.
A. phonetics
B. phonology
C. morphology
D. syntax

第II卷（非选择题，共60分）

（一）名词解释（共3题，每题5分，共15分）
答题要求：请简要解释下列语言学术语。

(1) Arbitrariness
(2) Morphology
(3) Speech act

（二）简答题（共3题，每题10分，共30分）
答题要求：简要回答下列问题，内容应简洁明了，条理清晰。

(1) What are the main differences between prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar?
(2) Explain the concept of semantic roles with examples.
(3) How does the Cooperative Principle contribute to effective communication?

（三）分析题（共1题，每题15分，共15分）
答题要求：阅读以下材料，然后回答问题。

材料：In English, we have words like “table” and “chair”. These words are nouns. Nouns can be further classified into different types such as common nouns and proper nouns, countable nouns and uncountable nouns. For example, “table” is a common countable noun, while “water” is an uncountable noun. Nouns also have different syntactic functions in sentences. They can be subjects, objects, or complements. Analyze the above text in terms of morphological and syntactic aspects of nouns.

（四）论述题（共1题，每题20分，共20分）
答题要求：阅读以下材料，然后回答问题。

材料：In recent years, the influence of English on other languages around the world has been increasing. English is widely used in international business, education, and entertainment. It has also become a lingua franca in many parts of the world. Discuss the reasons for the widespread influence of English and its impact on language diversity.

（五）案例分析题（共1题，每题20分，共20分）
答题要求：阅读以下材料，然后回答问题。

材料：A child says “goed” instead of “went”. Analyze this error from the perspective of language acquisition theories. What stage of language acquisition might the child be in? What could be the possible reasons for this error?

答案：
(1) D
(2) B
(3) B
(4) B
(5) B
(6) B
(7) D
(8) B
(9) C
(10) B
(11) A
(12) D
(13) B
(14) D
(15) C
(16) C
(17) D
(18) A
(19) A
(20) A

名词解释答案：
(1) Arbitrariness: The property of language that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a linguistic form and its meaning. For example, the word “dog” has no natural or necessary link to the animal it represents.
(2) Morphology: The study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. It examines morphemes, which are the smallest meaningful units of language, and how they combine to create words.
(3) Speech act: An utterance that not only conveys meaning but also performs an action. For example, saying “I promise” is not just a statement but also an act of making a promise.

简答题答案：
(1) Prescriptive grammar aims to lay down rules for “correct” language use, often based on traditional norms. Descriptive grammar, on the other hand, describes how language is actually used by speakers, without making judgments about correctness.
(2) Semantic roles are the roles that participants play in a situation described by a sentence. For example, in “John ate an apple”, “John” has the agent role (the doer of the action) and “apple” has the patient role (the entity acted upon).
(3) The Cooperative Principle, proposed by Grice, includes maxims like Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner. By following these maxims, speakers can convey information clearly and listeners can understand the intended meaning effectively, thus facilitating smooth communication.

分析题答案：从形态学角度看，材料中提到名词可分为不同类型，如普通名词和专有名词、可数名词和不可数名词，这体现了名词在词形变化和分类方面的特点。从句法角度，名词能充当主语、宾语或补足语，说明了名词在句子中的不同语法功能。

论述题答案：英语广泛影响的原因包括英国的殖民历史使其传播到众多地区；在国际商务、教育、娱乐等领域的重要地位；以及互联网等现代科技的推动。其影响既有积极的一面，如促进交流合作，但也带来挑战，如威胁一些小语种生存，导致语言多样性受到一定冲击。

案例分析题答案：孩子可能处于过度规则化阶段。原因可能是孩子通过模仿周围语言环境中的规则来学习语言，但尚未完全掌握不规则动词的特殊形式，所以按照一般动词过去式的规则加 -ed，出现了“goed”的错误。