初中英语不定代词小结专业知识讲座.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本文档所提供的信息仅供参考之用，不能作为科学依据，请勿模仿。文档如有不当之处，请联系本人或网站删除。,定义：不是指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词,主要的不定代词有：,one,一个,both,两个都,some,一些,any,任何一个,other,别的（其他的）,another,另一个,each,各个,every,每一个,all,都,either,二者之一,neither,二者都不,none,没有人（没有任何东西）,few,少,little,少,many,很多,much,很多,someone,某人,somebody,某人,something,某事,anything,任何事,anyone,任何人,anybody,任何人,everyone,每人,everybody,每人,everything,一切,nothing,没什么,nobody,没有人,1 one(s),数 单数,one,复数,ones,人称 物主代词,ones,反身代词,Oneself,1)one,可以指人或物，表示,“,一个人,”,或,“,某一个,”,one,既可作名词，也可作形容词，在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语等。泛指人，表示,“,人，人人,”,例：,One must do ones duty.,人要尽责。（作主语、定语）,One should be strict with oneself.,一个人应该严格要求自己。（作主语、宾语）,2)one和ones可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。,例：,Do you have a computer?Yes,I have one.你有电脑吗？是的，我有一台。,Im afraid this bike isnt good enough.Could you show me another one?恐怕这辆自行车不够好，给我看另外一辆好吗？,He doesnt like red shirts.He likes with ones.他不喜欢红衬衫，他喜欢白衬衫。,3)one,可以用,the,this,that,either,another,which,等修饰,例：,Which pen is yours,this one or that one?,哪一支钢笔是你的，这支还是那支？,A:Id like to borrow a dictionary.,我想借一本词典。,B:Which one?,哪一本？,A:The one on your desk.,你桌上的那本。,4)one,前可以加形容词，为,“,形容词,one”,或,“,形容词,ones”,，但,one,或,ones,前不可直接用数词修饰，如不可说,two ones,five ones.,例：,I have a new pen and several old ones.,我有一支新钢笔和几支旧钢笔。,There are five cats in the picture,two black ones and three white ones.,图片中有只猫，只黑的，只白的。,Mary has four toys,but Lily has only two.,玛丽有个玩具，而莉莉只有两个。,(=two toys,但不说,two ones),5)one,和,ones,是泛指，表示同类中的一个或几个；,it,是特指，指代上文提到的带定冠词的名词。,例：,If you need a dictionary,Ill lend you one.,假如你需要词典，我借给你一本。,Your question is a difficult one.,你问的是一个很难的问题。,He had a recorder and she wanted to buy one,too.,他有一台录音机，她也想买一台。,He had a recorder and she wanted to borrow it.,他有一台录音机，她想借有一下。,2 some,和,anysome,和,any,表示,“,一些,”,，多用作代词，可作主语或宾语。,some,和,any,也可用作形容词，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。,some,通常用于肯定句，,any,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。,1)some,用于肯定句,例：,Some students like football,and some like basketball.,一些学生喜欢足球，一些学生喜欢篮球。,Some of the tools are quite useful.,这些工具中有几个很有用。,If you have money,please lend me some.,如果你有钱，请借给我一些。,There is some milk in the bottle.,瓶子里有些牛奶。,2)any,用于否定句,在含有否定意义词,never,without,hardly,等的句子中，也用,any.,例：,I dont have any friends here.,我在这里没有朋友。,There arent any letters for you.,没有你的信。,He cant answer any of the questions.,这些问题他一个也回答不上。,He never asks any questions in class.,他在班上从来不问问题。,She left without telling any of us.,他走了，没有告诉我们任何人。,3)any,用于疑问句例：,Did you give her any?,你给她一些了吗？,Have you any money with you?,你身上有钱吗？,Does any of you want to go there?,你们中有谁想去那里吗？,4)any,用于条件句例：,Come and see me if you have any time.,如果你有时间，请来看我。,If you have any questions,please ask Mr.Zhang.,你如果有问题，请问张老师。,5)any,有时也用于肯定句，表示,“,任何，任何的,”,例：,Any child gets a free education here.,这儿任何一个儿童都能享受免费教育。,You may take any of the pens in the box.,盒子里的钢笔你拿哪一支都行。,Come any day you like.,你哪一天来都行。,Any of the students in Class One can sing the song.,一班的任何一个学生都会唱这首歌。,6),在表示请求、建议、劝告的疑问句中，期望得到肯定回答时，须用,some,例：,Could I ask some questions?,我问几个问题好吗？,Would you like some coffee?,喝点咖啡怎样？,Didnt she give you some money?,她不是给你一些钱了吗？,Why dont you buy some bananas?,你为什么不买点香蕉呢？,The apples are nice.Wont you have some?,这些苹果很好。请吃点吧。,Will you have some cake?,请你吃点蛋糕好吗？,3,few,a few,和,little,a little1)few,和,a few,用作代词或形容词，指代或修饰可数复数名词,few,表示,“,很少，不多,”,，有否定含义；,a few,表示,“,一些，几个,”,，有肯定含义，相当于,several,。,few,和,a few,可作主语、宾语、定语。例：,Few,of them understand it.,他们很少有人理解它。,A,few,of them drank much wine.,他们有几个人喝了许多酒。,Few,people can climb up the mountain.,很少有人能爬上这座山。,He said,a few,words at he meting.,他在会上说了几句话。,2)little,和,a little,也用作代词或形容词，指代或修饰不可数名词。,little,表示,“,不多，很少,”,，有否定含义,;a little,表示,“,一些,”,，有肯定含义,例：,There is,little,left.,没剩多少了。,Little,is known about the animal.,有关这个动物人们知道得很少。,I know,a little,about their country.,我对他们国家的情况了解一点。,He said a lot,but she had,little,to say.,他说了很多，但她要说的很少。,比：,Dont worry.There is,a little,time left.,别着急，还有时间呢。,Hurry up.There is,little,time left.,快点儿，没多少时间了。,She has,a little,homework to do tonight.,她今晚有些家庭作业要做。,She has,little,homework to do nothing.,她今晚没什么家庭作业要做。,4,many 和,much1)many和much用作代词，many指代复数可数名词，much指代不可数名词，可作主语或宾语,例：,Many,think that he will win.许多人认为他会赢。,Many,of my classmates are from the south.我的同学中有许多来自南方。,How,many,does he want?他要多少？,Much,has been done to reduce the prices.为了降低物价，已经做了许多。,Much,of the money has been spent.已经花掉了许多钱。,He has,much,to do.他有许多工作要做。,2)many,和,much,用作形容词，,many,修饰复数可数名词,much,修饰不可数名词例：,Many,students went to the concert last night.,昨晚许多学生去听音乐会了。,She made,many,mistakes in the test.,她在测验中出了许多错。,Much,money has been saved.,节约了很多钱。,We had,much,rain here last month.,我们这里上个月多雨。,3)many和much多用于疑问句与否定句中,例：,Were there,many,people at the meeting?有许多人参加会议吗？,Is there,much,ink in the bottle?瓶子里有许多墨水吗？,There arent,many,trees on the hill.小山上树木不多。,He hasnt got,much,time to go over his lessons.他没有多少时间复习功课。,提示,plenty of,lots of,a lot of 也表示：,“许多”，既可修饰复数可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。例：,I have,plenty of,(/lots of/a lot of)housework to do today.我今天有许多家务要做。,I have,plenty of,(/lots of/a lot of)questions to ask.我有许多问题要问。,5,someone(somebody)和anyone(anybody),这几个复合不定代词指人，可作主语或宾语,someone(somebody):,某人（用于肯定句，也用于期望给予肯定回答的疑问句中）,anyone(anybody):,任何人，无论谁（用于否定句、疑问句、条件句，也用于肯定句）,everyone(everybody):,每个人（用于肯定句）,例：,Someone,is waiting outside.,有人在外面等。,I heard,somebody,singing in the room.,我听见有人在房间里唱歌。,Will,someone,go and get some water?,谁去弄点水来？,Did,someone,call this morning?,今天上午有人打电话吗？,Does,anybody,live on this island?,这个岛上有人居住吗？,If,anyone,calls me,tell him Im out.,如果有人打电话找我，告诉他我不在。,I dont know,anyone,in the school.,这所学校里我谁也不认识。,Anybody,can do it.,任何人都能做这件事。,6,something,anything,nothing和everything这几个复合不定代词指物,something:,某事（用于肯定句，也用于表示请求、建议和期望得到肯定回答的疑问句）,anything:,任何事，什么事（用于疑问句、否定句、条件句）,nothing:,没有东西（有否定含义）,everything:,一切事物，每一件事（用于肯定句）,例：,He gave us,something,to eat,.,他给我们一些东西吃。,Theres,something,wrong with the bike.,自行车出了毛病。,Would you like,something,to drink?,你想喝点什么？,He could not see,anything,.,他什么也看不见。,Did you find,anything,in the bottle?,你发现那个瓶子里有什么东西吗？,Theres,nothing,important in todays paper.,今天报纸上没有什么重要的新闻。,Dont worry.Theres,nothing,serious.,不要担心，不是什么严重的事。,Everything,is ready,isnt it?,一切都准备好了，是吗？,比：,Is there,anything,to eat?有什么吃的吗？（单纯问有没有吃的）,Is there,something,to eat?有什么吃的吗？（希望得到肯定回答，相信会有吃的）,Nothing,is wrong with the car.这部车没有毛病。,=There isnt,anything,wrong with the car.（正）,Anything,isnt wrong with the car.（误）,7,any one of 和any of,any one ofany of:,中的任何一个（可指人或物，one可以省略）,例：,Any one,(/Any)of us can swim across the river.我们中任何人都能游过这条河。,You may read,any one,(/any)of these books.这些书你读哪一本都行。,提示,any one和any后可接of短语，而anyone和anybody后不可接of短语。,8,no one,nobody,none和nothing,no one:,没有人（只用于指人，可接,of 短语，可以,说,no one of sb,但不可说,no one of sth,.）,nobody:没有人（只用于指人，后不可接of短语）,none:,没有人（物）（可指人或物）,none of:,中没有一个（可指人或物）,nothing:,什么也没有（只用于指物）,例：,No one,(/Nobody)can work out the hard problem.,没有人能解出这一道难题。,No one of us,can work out the had problem.我们中没有人能解出这道难题。,=,None,of us can work out the hard problem.,None of,the money is mine.,这笔钱没有一文是我的。,Theres,nothing,in the box;its empty.,这个盒子里什么也没有，是空的。,-Are there any pens in the box?,盒子里有钢笔吗？,-,None,.,没有。,哪条船都不新。,No one of,the ships is new.,（误）,None of,the ships is new.,（正）,no,是形容词，不可用作代词。,今天上午没有人给你打电话。,No,called you this morning.(误),No one,(/Nobody)called you this morning.(正),“none of+复数名词,”,作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，强调整体是谓语动词用复数，强调个体时谓语动词用单数。,例：,None,of the books,are,(/is)interesting 这些书都没有趣。,None,of us,are,for the plan.我们谁也不赞同这个计划。,None,of them,has,passed the exam.他们谁都没有通过那次考试。,9,everyone,everybody,every one 和each(one),everyone(everybody):,每个人（后不可接,of 短语）,every one:,每一个（可指人或物，后常接,of短语）,each one:,每一个（可指人或物，后常接,of 短语，one 有是可省）,例：,Everyone,(/Everybody)knows it.这件事人人都知道。,Everybody,(/Everyone)is ready for the party.每个人都为聚会做好了准备。,Every one of,us sang a song.我们每个人都唱了一首歌。,例：,Every one of,the letters is written in English.每封信都是用英语写的。,Each(one)of,them had something to say.他们每个人都有话要说。,提示,everyone(/everybody)只能指人，后不可接of 短语，而every one 可指人或物，后可接,of 短语。,例：他们每个人对足球都懂得很多。,Everyone of them knows a lot about football.(误),Every one of them,knows a lot about football.(正)He has kept,every one of,her letters.,他把她的每一封信都保存下来。,10,every 和eachevery和each都表示,“每一个”，但用法不同。,在侧重点方面,:every,侧重点从整体考虑，而,each,侧重于从个体考试。,例：,Every,student in the class has read the book.,这个班每个学生都读过这本书。,All the students,in the class has read the book.(,强调整体,),Each,student may try twice.,每个学生都可以试两次。,2）在表示数量方面：each指两个或两个以上人或物中的,“每个”，,every指三个或三个以上人或物中的,“每个”例：,There are many shops on,each,side of the street.街道两边有许多商店。（不可用every）,There is a chair in,every,(/each)corner of the room.房间的每个角上都有一把椅了,她的父母每人都有一辆自行车。,Every,of her parents has a bike.(误),Every one,of her parents has a bike.（误）,Each,of her parents has a bike.（正）,3）在语法功能方面：each可作主语、宾语、同位语或定语，而every只能作定语,例：,Each,of them has a new school-bag.他们每人都有一个新书包。,There are six rooms in the house.,Each,has a bed in it.这所房子有六个房间，每个房间里都有一张床。,She invited,each,of us to her birthday part.她邀请我们每个人都参加她的生日宴会。,He gave one of,each,of them.他给他们每人一个。,They,each,have two tickets.他们每人都有两张票。,The students have two pens,each,.学生们每人都有两支钢笔。,Each,classroom is clean.每间教室都很干净。,Every,room has a telephone in it.每个房间都有一部电话。,He reads English,every,morning.他每天早晨都读英语。,4)every 可用于,“,every+基数词复数名词,”或“,every+序数词、other单数名词,”结构中，表示“每,，每隔”，而each则不可,例：,She came here,every,five days.她每5天来这里一次。（每隔4天）,He does shopping,every,other day.他隔天买一次东西。,5)every前可用almost,nearly等副词修饰，而each则不可,Almost,each,student knows the answer.（误）,Almost,every,students knows the answer.（正）,提示,each of后跟复数名词时，该名词前要有定冠词或物主代词。,比：每个学生都看过这部电影。,Each,of students has seen the film.（误）,Each,of the students has seen the film.（正）,每一位叔叔都给我寄来了礼物。,Each,of uncles sent me a present.（误）,Each,of my uncles sent me a present.（正）,11,allall表示,“全体，全部”，用于指三者或三者以上的人或物，可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、状语。,all的搭配与用法：,all of us(them),all of the+复数可数名词(of可省),all:可与this,that,these,those连用，中间可加of,all:指代复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数,all:指代事物或一个整体作主语时，谓语动词用单数,all:作同位语时，要放在be动词、情态动词和助动词后，行为动词前,例：,All,of them are college students.他们都是大学生。,All,of the people there know a little English.那里所有的人都懂一点英语。,He has been busy,all,the time.他一直都忙着。,All,of these students are fond of sports.所有这些学生都喜爱运动。,Music is her,all,.音乐是她的一切。,She ate,all,of it.她把那东西吃光了。,They,all,came by plane.他们都是乘飞机来的。,We are,all,middle school students.我们都是中学生。,All,are here.大家都来了。（指代复数名词）,All,goes well.一切都好。（指代事物）,比：,All,are ready.大家都准备好了。,All,is ready.一切都准备好了。,提示,a.all,可以修饰不可数名词。,例：,All,hope has gone.,整个希望都破灭了。,All,that money is lost.,所有那些钱都失去了。,b.all,可同表示时间的名词连用，如：,all day,整天，,all the year,整年，,all the time,一直,但习惯上不说,all hour,。,12,bothboth用于指,“两者”，与复数名词连用，可作主语、宾语、同位语、定语。,both 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。both的搭配与用法：both of us(them),both of the 复数名词both and：A和B,both:作同位语时，放在be动词、情态动词和助动词后，行为动词前。,例：,Both,are right.两者都对。,Both,of them are football players.他们两人都是足球队员,Both,of my parents are teachers.我父母都是教师,I know,both,of them.他们俩我都认识,They are,both,Young Pioneers.他们俩都是少先队员。,We have,both,studied here for several years.我们俩都在这里学习好几年了。,They,both,lent me some money.他们两人都借给我一些钱。,Both,Lily and Lucy like singing.莉莉和露西都喜欢唱歌。,Both,you and he are wrong.你和他都错。,Jim wrote to us,both,.吉姆给我们两人都写了信。,=Jim wrote to,both,of us.,Both,windows are open.两扇窗都开着。,=,Both,of the windows are open.,提示,both作形容词时，要放在定冠词、指示代词或物主代词的前面。,例：这两个孩子数学都很棒。,The both,children are good at maths.(误)The children,both,are good at maths.（误）,Both the,children are good at maths.（正）,例：,-Which do you prefer,tea or coffee?你要茶还是咖啡？,-,Either,will do.随便哪个都行。,Either,of them can do it.他俩中哪一个都能做这件事,Do you know,either,of the two ladies?这两位女士你认识某一位吗？,Either,shirts fits me well.这两件衬衫我穿哪一件都合适。,There are trees on,either,side of the road.路的两边都有树。,Neither,of these two books is easy for me.这两本书对我都不容易。,Neither,of the answers is correct.两个答案都不对。,Neither,room is big enough for us.这两个房间哪一个对我们都不够大。,-Which do you want?你要哪一个？,-,Neither,is any good.哪一个也不好。,-What about the two books?这两本书怎样？,-,Neither,book is interesting.没有一本有趣。,比：父母俩一个也不同意买车。,Neither,parents agreed to buy a car.(误),Neither,parents agreed to buy a car.（正，neither和either作定语时，后要跟单数名词）,吉姆比这对双胞胎中任何一个都聪明。,Jim is cleverer than,either of twins,.（误）,Jim is cleverer than,either of the twins,.（正，either of 和neither of后的名词前要加定冠词the）,提示,a.eitheror 表示,“要么,要么，也也,”，,neithernor 表示,“既不,也不,”，两者用作并列连词，可以连接单数名词，也要连接复数名词，还可以连接其他词。,例：,You can buy,either,eggs,or,meat.你可以买鸡蛋或肉。,Neither,David,nor,Jane can swim.戴维和简都不会游泳。,b.neither表示,“两者都不”，是否定含义，,both表示,“两者都”，是肯定含义。例：,Neither,of my sisters is a teacher.我的两个姐姐都不是教师。,Both,of my sisters are teachers.我的两个姐姐都是教师。,c.either 表示,“两者中任何一个”，,any 表示,“三者或三者以上中任何一个”。例：,There are many trees on,either,side of the river.河两岸都有树。,They are all free.You may take,any,you like.这些都是免费的，你随便拿吧。,d.neither 表示,“两者都不”，,none表示,“三者或三者以上都不”。例：,Neither,of the two answers is correct.两个答案都不对。,None,of the answers are correct.这些答案都不对。,He tried two hats,but,neither,of them was the right size.他试了两顶帽子，但哪一顶也不合适。,He tried nine hats,but,none,of them were the right size.他试了几顶帽子，但没有一顶合适。,14,another,other,others和the others1)another 作代词用时，表示不定数目中的,“另一个，又一个，别的一个”，在句中作主语和宾语例：,He bought three books,one is a novel,another,is a dictionary,and,the third is a grammar.他买了三本书，一本是小说，另一本是词典，还有一本是语法书。,This umbrella is too big.Show me,another,.这把伞太大了，再给我看一把。,If one is not enough,take,another,.如果一个不够，再拿一个。,提示,a.another 作形容词时，常修饰单数可数名词，但当another后有数词或few时，要用复数,例：,This book is too difficult for me.Will you please give me,another,one?(=another book)这本书我读太难了。你给我另一本好吗？,I need,another,few days before I finish the work.我还要几天才能完成这项工作。,I will give you,another,hundred dollars.我将再给你100美元。,b.one after another 表示,“一个接着一个”，指至少三个或三个以上的人或物例：,They walked out of the hall,one after,another,.他们一个接着一个走出大厅。,The policemen saved,one,child,after,another,.警察救起了一个又一个小孩。,2)other 用作形容词，表示,“另外的，其他的”，后跟复数名词；表示“另一个”后跟单数名词，为泛指。特指“两个中的另一个，其他人或物”，用,the other，后可跟单数名词或复数名词。,例：,There are,other,ways of doing it.做这件事还有别的方法。,Have you any,other,questions?你还有别的问题吗？,Jim is here,but where are,the other,students?吉姆在这里，但是其他学生在哪里？,Put it in your,other,hand.把它放在你的另一只手里。,Mary is her,other,sister.玛丽是她的另一个妹妹。,Now close your,other,eye.闭上你的另一只眼睛。,This seat it free,but the,other,seat is taken.这个座位空着，而另一个有人坐了。,Here are two pens.One is for Jack and,the other,is for Lily.这里有两支钢笔，一支给杰克，另一支给莉莉。,The solider hand one shoe,host lost,the other,.这个士兵只有一只鞋，另一只丢了。,提示,a.onethe other 表示,“一个,另一个,”，指两个人或物,One,is big and,the other,is small.一个大，另一个小。,比：她的双亲相继去世了。,Her parents died,one after another,.（误）,Her parents died,one after the other,.（正）,b.the other构成的惯用语：the,other,day（不久前的一天，前几天）,the,other,night（不久前的一天晚上），every,other,day（每隔一天=every two days）,例：,I heard the news,the other day,.我前几天听到这个消息的。,They discussed the matter,the other night,.不久前的一天晚上他们讨论了那件事。,He phoned her,every other day,.他隔天给她打一次电话。,3）others 只用作代词，表示,“别人，旁人”，为泛指，代替复数名词，前面可加,some,any例：,Others,may not think so.别的人可能不这么想。,(=other people)Dont laugh at,others,.不要嘲笑别人。,We should think more of,others,.我们应多想想别人。,Give her some,others,please.请给她一些别的吧。,提示,some others 表示,“有的,，有的,”，为泛指例：,There are many students on the playground.,Some,are playing basketball,and,others,are playing games.运动场上有许多学生，有的在打篮球，有的在做游戏。,We have plenty of flowers in our yard.,Some,are red,and,others,are white.我们的院子里有许多花。有的是红的，有的是白的。,4)the others 只用作代词，特指一定范围内的,“其余的人或物”，可作主语或宾语例：,There are forty students in ou