错牙合畸形的病因.ppt

*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Etiology of malocclusion,Fengshan Chen,Tongji university,Systems of Classification,Inherited(predetermined)(genetic),Acquired(environmental),Systems of Classification,1)McCoy and Shepard(1956),a)Direct(determining),b)Indirected(predisposing),2)Moyers(1972),a)Heredity,b)Developmetal Defects,c)Trauma,d)Physical agents,e)Habits,f)Diseases,g)malnutrition,Classification,3.Salzman,a)Prenatal,b)Postnatal,4.Graber,a)General(extrinsic)factors,b)Local(intrinsic)factors,Graber General factors,Heredity,Congenital defects,Environment,Predisposing metabolic climate&disease,Diet,Abnormal pressure habits,Posture,Trauma,Heredity,Two Facts,1.For each individual there is a basic pattern or blueprint for dentofacial development not really which may be masked but not really changed.(unless by surgery).,2.Racial and familial characteristics repeat,Facial Typing,Brachycephalic-short,broad,Dolicocephalic-narrow,tapering,long,Mesocephalic-round,oval,Facial Typing-profile,Convex-Class Two(protrusive maxilla or retrusive mandible)or Class 1 bimaxillary,Concave-Class Three(protrusive mandible or retrusive maxilla),Flat-Class One(denture bases in harmony),Affected by Heredity,Tooth size,Arch length and width,Height of the palatal vault,Crowding or spacing,Overbite and overjet,Position and configuration of muscles,Tongue size and shape,Character of the oral mucosa,Heredity also plays a role in:,Congenital deformities,Facial asymmetry,Size and position of the jaws,Oligodontia and anodontia,Supernumerary teeth,Variations in tooth shape,Examples of Congenital Defects,Clefts of the lip and palate,Cerebral Palsy,Crouzons syndrome,Cleido-Cranial Dysostosis,Cranial Synostosis,Crouzon,s Syndrome,Surgery to reopen cranial sutures,Results of Surgery,&Orthodontics,Results of Surgery,&Orthodontics,Results of Surgery,&Orthodontics,Environmental Factors,Prenatal,trauma,maternal diet,maternal metabolism,&diseases,fetal posture,maternal consumption of alcohol&drugs,Environmental Factors,Postnatal,Birth injuries,TMJ injuries,Accidents,fractures,Avulsion or displacement of teeth,Metabolic Factors,&Diseases,Acute febrile disease-e.g.measles,mumpes,chicken-pox,etc.,Diseases of muscle dysfunction-e.g.muscular dystrophy,cerebral palsy,polio.,Endocrine disorders-e.g.pituitary,thyroid,parathyroid.,Diet,Poor diet may cause deficiency diseases such as richetts,beri scurvy etc.,These may cause severe malocclusion due to interference with craniofacial growth and development in addition Periodontal problems associated with significant bone loss,Posture,Not an important factor,May be a contributing factor,Seldom considered a primary cause,Habits,Thumb or finger sucking,Foreign objects,Tongue thrusting,Lip or cheek biting,Mentalis muscle strain,Thumb Sucking,Treatment Phase 1,progress,Treatment Phase 2,Post Treatment,Tongue Thrusting,Treatment,progress,Hyperactive mentalis muscle,Local factors,Congential absence of teeth,Anomalies of tooth size,Anomalies of tooth shape,Abnormal labiel frenum,Premature loss of deciduos teeth,Supernumerary teeth,Local Factors,Abnormal resorption of deciduous teeth,Delayed eruption of permanent teeth,Abnormal eruptive path,Ankylosis of deciduous teeth,Proximal caries,Improperly contoured restorations,Congenital absense of teeth,Missing and peg-shaped lateral,Space adjusted,Retention,Temporary Restorations,Congenitally Missing Laterals,Spaces Opened,Temporary Restorations,Mandibular retrusion,Mandibular Prognathism and facial asymmetry,Mandibular Prognathism,&facial asymmetry,Bilateral Clefts,Expansion,Pre-grafting,Ideopathic Root Resorption,Dilantin Hyperplasia,Tooth Size,Over Retained Primary Canine,Ectopic Eruption,Anklosed primary molar,Ectopic Eruption,Premature loss of Primary Molar and impacted premolar,Congenital Absense of Maxillary Premolars,Congenital Absence of Lateral Incisors,Congenital Absence of Lateral Incisors,Composite Odontoma causing Impaction of Central Incisor,Composite Odontoma,Supernumerary Teeth,Supernumerary Tooth,提问与解答互动时间,