初中英语时态总结.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Revision of tense,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,一般将来时,现在完成时,一般现在时态,一般现在时态的陈述句,概念,：一般现在时态表示的是经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。,eg:I,am,a teacher.,You,are,a worker.,She/He,is,a student.,We/You/They,are,students.,1.Be 的用法：,I用 am，you用are，is用于他(he)、她(she)、它(it)，复数(we,you,they)全部都用are,1、,一般动词，在词尾加 s;如：,work-works,live-lives,play-plays,sing-sings.,eg:She,lives,in Ningbo.她住在宁波。,2、以,s/x/sh/ch/o,等,字母,结尾的动词，词尾加-es，,teach-teaches,wash-washes.,eg:My mother,washes,the coat.我母亲洗了大衣。,行为动词do一般现在时,第三人称单,数,（he,she,it),的构成规则：,2.行为动词：DO 和DOES,II 一般现在时的,否定式,1.Be 动词的否定式,:be+not,I am a teacher.,You are a worker,She is a doctor,We are friends.,I,m not,a teacher,You,arent,a worker,She,isnt,a doctor.,We,arent,friends.,is not=isnt,are not=arent,否定句,2.(do),当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词DOES有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为原形,。当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词DO有关。,I like English.,She likes it very much.,We go to work by bike.,I,dont like,English.,She,doesnt like,it very much.,We,dont go,to work by bike.,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。,一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。,III一般疑问句,I,am,a teacher.Are you a teacher?,You,are,a worker.Are you a worker?,He,is,a student.Is he a student?,We,are,friends.Are you friends?,1.对于BE 动词，疑问句要求把BE 提前，第一人称的单数和复数（I/WE），第一变成第二人称。,疑问句,2.对于实义动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)时，句子前面加DOES，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加DO，第一人称,(I/we),换第二人称(you)。,I often go there.,You like the music.,He goes to work by bus.,We/You/They like it.,Do,you,often go there?,Do,you like the music?,Does,he,go,to work by bus?,Do,you/they like it?,.特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句在考试中涉及得比较多，主要以,选择,和,转换句型,为主，首先要掌握,一些常用疑问词的意思,如：what（什么）,when,what time（什么时间）,who（谁）,where（在哪里）,why（为什么）,how（怎样）,how many+可数名词的复数（多少），how long（多长时间）,how often（多久一次）等，其次掌握它的,语序,，即就是特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序（Who）除外,一、疑问词+一般疑问句句序：,Where,are you from,?Im from,the north,.,What,do you want,?,I want,the books,on your desk.,特殊疑问句的语序,一般过去时态,一般过去时态,的定义,动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的动作、情况或存在的状态。行为动词（即实义动词）的过去式一般没有人称和数的变化,。,谓语动词的构成形式,一般过去时的谓语动词有,be,动词 和行为动词两种基本形式,规则动词过去式的构成,be,动词和行为动词两种基本形式,be,动词（或系动词,be,）的过去式为,was,和,were,两个。,行为动词的过去式，其变化分为规则和不规则的两种。,规则动词过去式的构成,一般动词原形末尾加,-ed,。如：,look,looked,stay,stayed;,以,e,结尾的动词只加,-d,。如：,hope,hoped,live,lived;,末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加,-ed.,如：,stop,stopped,plan(,计划,),planned;,规则动词过去式的构成,结尾是“辅音字母,+y,”的动词，先将,y,改为,i,再加,-ed.,如：,study,studied,carry,carried.,ed(,或,-d),的读音：在清辅音结尾的词后读,t.,如：,work,worked w kt,help,helped helpt;,在浊辅音和元音后读,d,。如：,call,calledkld,play,played pled;,在,t,和,d,音后面发,d,。如：,want,wantedwntd,，,need,needed ni:dd.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,1.表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,Liu Jie got up at 7:10 this morning.,He was a student three years ago.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,2表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.,一般过去时态常见的基本用法,3表示已故人所做的事情。,Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life.(雷锋同志做了一生的好事。),一般过去时态常见的基本用法,4.表示过去所发生的一系列的动作，而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的，不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。,Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning,dressed,had breakfast,and went to work.,Be was/were,Do did,一般过去时,表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday;last week;in 1945,at that time;once;during the war;before;a few days ago;when,现在进行时,定义:表示现在正在进行的动作.,结构:be(is,am,are)+doing,常见时间状语:now,或动词look,listen,eg,:We are having an English class now.,否定句：We arent having.,一般疑问句：Are you having?,一般将来时,定义,:表示将要做的事或计划要做的事.,结构,:be(is,am,are)going to do,will/shall do(shall一般用于第一人称),时间状语,:tomorrow(morning,afternoon,evening),next day(week,month,year),the day after tomorrow,in 2006,.,.,Eg,:They are going to have a football match next week.,现在完成时的构成:,Have/has+动词过去分词,1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,.,already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,these days,up to now,in the last few years等.,现在完成时的用法,(2个),经常与下列词语连用,2.表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在,可能继续发展下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用.,总结:非延续性动词在完成时的肯定句中不可与含for,since,how long等引导的时间状语连用,要用别的词替换.,come/arrive,buy,borrow,die,leave,begin/start,join,be,keep,be dead,be away from,be on,be in/be a member,have,1.,Mr.Black left China in 1990.,Mr.Black _China since 1990.,2.,The hero died five years ago.,The hero _ for five years.,3.,The meeting began two minutes ago.,The meeting _ for two minutes.,4.,We borrowed two books last week.,We _ the two books for a week.,5.Sally joined the League two years ago.,Sally _ the League for two years.,句型转换:(改为意思相同的句子),has been away from,has been dead,has been on,have kept,has been in,总结:have/has been to表示“到(去)过某地”,人已经回来.have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/has been in 表示“在某地呆多久”,常和表示一段时间的状语连用,.,3,.for,与,since,接时间状语时的区别,1.A:What a nice dog!How long have you had it?B:_ two years.,A.For B.Since C.In D.From,2.Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996.,A.for B.at C.in D.since,For,后接时间段,since,后接时间点或从句,.,如,:for two years;for six hours;for three days;for five minutes;since three days ago;since 1997;since three days ago;since I came to Beijing,等,.,总结,:,1.,George _ French for ten years.,A.had learned B.has learned,C.will be learning D.learns,2.Jack has studied Chinese in the school,_ the year 2002.,A.in B.since C.on D.by,B,B,4,.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,一般过去时的时间状语：,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last year,just now,then,last week,last month,an hour ago,two days ago,in 1994等.,过去完成时经常与哪些时间状语连用?,与现在完成时连用表示时间的词语：,already,ever,yet,just,before,recently,these days,up to now,in the last few years等.,for+时间段,since+时间点,总结:,现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,而一般过去时表示单纯的过去的事实或状态.另外,两种时态的时间状语不一样,一般过去时常与具体的过去时间连用,现在完成时不能.,