中考英语复习-第二篇-语法突破篇-语法专题名词市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖PPT课件.pptx

*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,PART TWO,第二篇,语法突破篇,语法专题（一）,名词,1/24,【中考考点】,(1),可数名词和不可数名词了解和区分。,(2),名词复数形式改变规则及使用方法。,(3),物质名词及其量表示方式。如,:a cup of tea,two bottles of milk,等。,(4),惯用专有名词普通使用方法。如,:China,Jim,the Great Wall,等。,(5),名词全部格使用方法。如,:Lucys coat,Teachers Day,等。,(6),集合名词,(,如,:people,class),和抽象名词,(,如,:homework),概念及普通使用方法。,2/24,1.,概述,不可数名词,:,不能直接用数字计数词,分为,(,表示组成世上万物物质或材料名称词,如,water,milk),和,(,表示性质、行为、状态、情感等抽象概念名称词,如,fun,happiness,health),。常见不可数名词,:,考点一不可数名词,液体类,water,milk,orange(,橙汁,),rain(,雨,),wine,食物类,meat,fish,chicken,beef,pork,mutton,rice,salt,porridge,bread,语言类,Chinese,Japanese,English,French,German,Russian,材料类,paper,glass(,玻璃,),grass(,大麻,),cotton,silk,wool,hair,其它类,snow(,雪,),ice,wind,sunshine,news,music,weather,money,homework,housework,teamwork,information,rubbish(waste),light(,光线,),物质名词,抽象名词,3/24,2.,不可数名词量化表示,(1),借助,some,much,little,a little,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,等来表示。如,:much water,some orange,a little milk,等。,(2),借助容器来表示。如,:,一杯水,十袋米,(3),借助计量单位来表示。如,:,一张纸,一片面包,a glass of water,ten bags of rice,a piece of paper,a slice of bread,4/24,3.,既可数又不可数名词,有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不一样。如,:,chicken,鸡,(,可数,);,鸡肉,(,不可数,),room,房间,(,可数,);,空间,(,不可数,),fish,鱼,(,可数,);,鱼肉,(,不可数,),glass,玻璃杯,(,可数,);,玻璃,(,不可数,),paper,试卷,报纸,(,可数,);,纸张,(,不可数,),time,倍数,次数,(,可数,);,时间,(,不可数,),work,作品,(,可数,);,工作,(,不可数,),experience(,一次,),经历,;,体验,(,可数,);,经验,(,不可数,),5/24,1.,名词复数形式规则改变,考点二可数名词及其单复数,情况,组成方法,例词,普通情况,加,s,mapmaps,bagbags,yearyears,以s,x,sh,ch等结尾词,加,es,busbuses,boxboxes,wishwishes,beachbeaches,6/24,情况,组成方法,例词,以“辅音字母+y”结尾词,变,y,为,i,再加,es,storystories,familyfamilies,partyparties,以“元音字母+y”结尾词,加,s,daydays,keykeys,monkeymonkeys,以“辅音字母+o”结尾词,普通情况下,无生命加s,有生命加es,photophotos,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,heroheroes,7/24,情况,组成方法,例词,以“元音字母+o”结尾词,加,s,zoozoos,radioradios,kangarookangaroos,以f或fe结尾词,大多数变,f,或,fe,为,ve,再加,s,knifeknives,leafleaves,shelfshelves,thiefthieves,8/24,2.,名词复数形式不规则改变,情况,例词,改变单数名词中元音字母,footfeet;toothteeth;manmen;,womanwomen;policemanpolicemen;policewomanpolicewomen;,EnglishmanEnglishmen,单复数形式相同,Japanese;sheep;Chinese,只有复数形式,trousers;glasses(,眼镜,);clothes;people;pants,其它,mousemice;childchildren,9/24,3.,名词修饰名词时复数形式组成,(1),名词作定语修饰名词时,复数形式是将后面名词变为复数。如,:many apple trees,boy students,(2)man,和,woman,作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都要变为复数。如,:men teachers,women doctors,10/24,4.,集合名词数,(1),集合名词是由若干个个体组成集合体。如,:family,class,team,等,它们以单数形式出现,若强调其中每个组员,应视为复数,;,若强调某个集合整体则应视为单数。如,:,My family are watching TV.,我家人正在看电视。,My family is a happy one.,我家是一个幸福家庭。,(2),有些集合名词通常只用作复数,如,:people(,人们,),police(,警察,),等,假如要表示单数形式则要使用其它名词。如,:,11/24,概述,专有名词是表示特定人、物或组织机构等名称词。如,:,人名、地名、江河湖海名称、书名、标题、歌曲名、机构名、日期、节日名称等。,(1),人名,Hawking,霍金,Lu Xun,鲁迅,Michael Jackson,迈克尔,杰克逊,Li Hua,李华,(2),地名,Beijing,北京,New York,纽约,London,伦敦,Singapore,新加坡,考点三专有名词,12/24,(3),江河湖海名,the Changjiang/Yangtze River,长江,the Nile,尼罗河,Poyang Lake,鄱阳湖,the Red Sea,红海,(4),书名、标题、歌曲名,Harry Potter,哈利,波特,(,书名,),The Sound of Music,音乐之声,(,电影名,),Yesterday Once More,旧日重现,(,歌曲名,),13/24,(5),机构名,the United Nations(,简称,:UN),联合国,NBA,美国篮球协会,the Pentagon,五角大楼,(,美国国防部,),BTV,北京电视台,(6),星期、月份,Monday,星期一,Friday,星期五,March,三月,October,十月,14/24,(7),节日,the Spring Festival,春节,the Mid-Autumn Festival,中秋节,Christmas Day,圣诞节,Thanksgiving Day,感恩节,April Fools Day,愚人节,Teachers Day,教师节,15/24,【,注意,】,*,专有名词第一个字母普通都需要大写,但冠词和部分较短介词能够不大写。,The Chronicles of Narnia,纳尼亚传奇,(,电影名,),the Olympic Games,奥林匹克运动会,*,也能够将全部字母都大写。,THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA,THE OLYMPIC GAMES,16/24,1.,组成,(1),有生命名词全部格组成方法,:,普通情况下在名词后加,“s”,。,迈克小汽车,我妈妈生日,以,s,结尾复数名词只加,“”,。,教师节,不以,s,结尾复数名词,直接在词尾加,“s”,。,妇女节,儿童节,考点四名词全部格,Mikes car,my mothers birthday,Teachers Day,Womens Day,Childrens Day,17/24,(2),无生命名词全部格普通由,“of+,表示无生命物体名词,”,组成。,我们教室一张照片,一张中国地图,【,注意,】,表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命名词也可用,“s”,组成全部格。,今天报纸,世界人口,a picture/photo of our classroom,a map of China,todays newspaper,the worlds population,18/24,2.,特殊使用方法,(1),表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时,只需在最终一个名词后加,“s”,后面所跟名词用单数,;,表示各自全部时,则需在每个名词后加,“s”,后面所跟名词用复数。,莉莉和露西共有房间,莉莉和露西各自房间,(2),表示某人家、店铺、诊所等处所时,可用名词加,“s”,表示。,在李雷家,at Li Leis,在诊所,在药店,at the chemists,(3),双重全部格表示整体中一部分,结构为,“of+,名词全部格,”,或,“of+,名词性物主代词,”,。,我父亲一本书,我一个朋友,a friend of mine=one of my friends,Lily and Lucys room,Lilys and Lucys rooms,at the doctors,a book of my fathers,19/24,中考真题演练,1.,莱芜,Stephen Hawkings story gives me much,to face all kinds of difficulties.,A.chance B.wealth,C.courage D.decision,2.,淮安,Lindas performance at the art festival was a(n),and was loved by her teachers and classmates.,A.success B.dream,C.chance D.idea,答案,1.C,解析,考查名词辨析。依据“,face all kinds of difficulties,”可知,他故事教给我们是面对各种困难“勇气”。故选,C,。,2.A,20/24,中考真题演练,3.,铜仁,What would you like to drink?,Id like three,.,A.bottles of waters B.bottle of waters,C.bottle of water D.bottles of water,4.,广西,There are two beautiful,in the,picture.,A.womans B.women,C.woman D.womens,答案,3.D,解析,考查不可数名词量化表示。,bottle,是可数名词,用复数,;water,是不可数名词。故选,D,。,4.B,21/24,中考真题演练,5.,北部湾,The woman in a hat is,aunt.,A.Jack and John B.Jacks and John,C.Jacks and Johns D.Jack and Johns,6.,辽宁,Your spoken English is very good.Whats your,?,A.spirit B.secret,C.situation D.service,答案,5.D,解析,考查名词全部格。这位女士是他们共同婶婶,表示共同全部只需在最终一个名词后加,s,。故选,D,。,6.B,解析,考查名词辨析。依据前一句“你英语口语很好”可知,此处是问英语口语好“秘诀”。故选,B,。,22/24,中考真题演练,7.,徐州,If you dont feel well,youd better ask,for help.,A.a policeman B.an accountant,C.a pilot D.a doctor,8.,辽阳,After years of war,the people in the country are thirsty for,.,A.price B.noise C.peace D.course,答案,7.D,解析,考查名词辨析。依据前半句“,If you dont feel well,”可推断,后半句句意是“你最好向医生求援”。故选,D,。,8.C,23/24,中考真题演练,9.,辽宁,We usually have seven,holiday every National Day.,A.days B.day,C.days D.days,10.,曲靖,The earth is the only home for us,so Green Hills and Clean Water is the,true,.,A.community B.discovery,C.relation D.treasure,答案,9.D,解析,考查名词全部格。空格前有基数词,seven,修饰,其后名词应用复数形式,但空格处指代是“,7,天假期”,要在,days,后加“,”。故选,D,。,10.D,24/24,