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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第三部分阅读了解,1/60,-,2,-,命题规律,备考策略,“,突出语篇,强调应用,重视交际”是高考命题主导思想,“高中阶段侧重培养考生阅读能力”是英语新课程精神。所以,阅读了解一直是高中英语教学重点。考试说明明确指出:阅读文章是我国考生接触外语最主要路径,所以,阅读了解在试卷中所占权重较大。,2/60,-,3,-,命题规律,备考策略,1.,选材真实,题材丰富,体裁多样,天津卷阅读了解试题坚持能力立意命题理念,题材多样化,信息丰富,包含日常生活、科普、社会、文化等等,含有浓郁人文和社会气息,内容有较强时代感,同时含有一定知识性、趣味性和思想性,充分表达了灵活利用语言要求。这种关注实际生活选材特点已展现出显著增强趋势。体裁包含记叙文、说明文和议论文等。,3/60,-,4,-,命题规律,备考策略,年高考英语天津卷阅读了解语篇体裁、题材统计,4/60,-,5,-,命题规律,备考策略,5/60,-,6,-,命题规律,备考策略,6/60,-,7,-,命题规律,备考策略,2.,词汇灵活,句式多样,结构复杂,高考阅读了解在词汇方面对考生要求越来越高,凡是能够利用构词法判断出词性和词义词汇均不视为生词,不再标注汉语注释。超纲词汇也时有出现;一词多义、熟词生义情况更是频繁出现;词汇活用比比皆是。阅读文章多出自国外报刊,即使在语言上经过了一定加工,但最大程度地保持了语言地道特点;语篇结构有一定难度,作者阐述问题时使用各种修辞手法;文章展开也不是只按照顺叙方法,而是兼有倒叙、插叙等;简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂长句、倒装、省略以及插入语等也随地可见。所以,考生只有在平日里加大词汇量积累,加强阅读训练,才能克服了解语句和篇章方面困难。,7/60,-,8,-,命题规律,备考策略,3.,题型稳定,细节为主,推断突出,阅读了解题还要求考生读懂相关日常生活话题简短文字材料,比如公告、说明、广告以及书刊、报纸、杂志中关于普通性话题简短文章。考生应能:了解主旨和要义,了解文中详细信息,依据上下文推断生词词义,做出判断和推理,了解文章基本结构,了解作者意图、观点和态度等。常规阅读了解考点设置主要有以下几个方面:细节了解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题、意图态度题等。,8/60,-,9,-,命题规律,备考策略,年高考英语天津卷阅读了解考点统计,高考阅读了解题型一直比较稳定。分析近几年天津卷可知,题目以细节了解为主,推理判断题也占较大比重;主旨大意题、词义猜测题和意图态度题在高考中全方面淡化。当然,我们也不能就此得出这三种题型不再主要结论,它们仍是考生备战高考学习内容之一。,9/60,-,10,-,命题规律,备考策略,年高考英语天津卷阅读了解设问方式统计,同时,从设问方式分布情况能够看出,阅读了解依然以特殊疑问句和填充式陈说句设问形式为主。重点突出what疑问句和填充式陈说句设问形式。,10/60,-,11,-,命题规律,备考策略,阅读了解题主要考查考生直接利用英语能力,掌握了良好阅读方法,就不会在解题时手忙脚乱。普通来说,我们能够按照以下步骤来解题:,1.,快速浏览,掌握大意,做阅读了解题时,首先快速浏览,注意抓住主要信息,快速把握文章大意、中心思想和文章结构,了解文章全貌。同时通览题目,研究题目要求及选项,搞清问题所指。有问题是针对文章中某一句话设计,有是针对一段话所陈说事实设计,有是针对整篇文章设计。对所提问题做到心中有数,为下一步阅读做好针对性准备。,11/60,-,12,-,命题规律,备考策略,2.,细读全文,找准信息,抓住文章大意、明确解题目标后,带着问题仔细阅读文章。敏锐捕捉隐含在文中相关信息词和信息句,推敲其中关键词语,结合上下文把握语句含义,排除文中不存在、太片面或不合逻辑选项,做出正确选择。做题时要本着先易后难标准,对于比较显著、有把握题可立刻做出选择;对于难题,要在文章中仔细查阅,认真琢磨,找出确凿依据,利用逻辑推理,准确选出符合要求最正确答案。,3.,复读检验,验证答案,答案选出之后,要快速阅读原文,重点放在与题目相关词语、句子和段落上,核查答案,力争答案准确无误。尤其是感觉把握不大、选择时有些困难题目,要对照原文与选项,看其是否一致,是否合乎情理、合乎逻辑。,12/60,专题十四细节了解,13/60,-,14,-,考情概览,考试说明指出,:,文章主题和中心思想阐述往往需要大量细节信息支持,这些细节对于了解全文内容至关主要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想基础。,所谓细节了解题,是指原文提到了一些事物、想象或理论,题干针对原文详细叙述发问。本类试题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章主要事实了解能力。,纵观近几年高考英语阅读题,尽管推理判断题呈不停上升趋势,但细节了解题依然占有较大百分比,而且已由过去简单对号入座直接答题转向经过语句同义或反义转换来考查考生对英语语言了解能力,所以难度比往年有所增加。,14/60,-,15,-,命题人员往往会要求考生依据不一样要求阅读文章以取得一些特定信息或准确地寻求所需细节。这类试题有时比较直接,了解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要经过归纳、概括和推理才能准确答题。,15/60,-,16,-,1,.,细节了解题常见命题方式有以下几个,(1)Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?,(2)Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true according to the passage?,(3)According to the passage,all of the following are true except/but,.,(4)The author mentions all of the following except,.,(5)In the passage,the author states that,.,(6)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).?,(7)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.,(8)Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?,(9)Which of the drawings below gives an idea of.?,16/60,-,17,-,2.,细节了解题解题策略,(1),事实细节认定题,这类题目普通包含直接了解题和间接了解题。前者在原文中能够直接找到答案,惯用who,what,which,when,where,why 和how等提问;后者需要将信息与原文相关信息进行语意上转换,二者存在表示上差异,有时需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论。做这类题目通常采取寻读法。先读题,然后带着问题快速浏览短文,找出与问题相关词汇或者句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。,17/60,-,18,-,【典例分析】,(,天津卷,A),A,Language,Programme,for,Teenagers,Welcome to Teenagers Abroad!We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.,Our,Courses,Regardless of your choice of course,you,ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.,Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language,with focused teaching in all 4 skill areasspeaking,listening,reading and writing.,Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course,with 10 additional lessons per week,guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning(see table below).,18/60,-,19,-,.,19/60,-,20,-,36,.How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?,A.It is less effective.B.It focuses on speaking.,C.It includes extra lessons.,D.It gives you confidence.,细节了解题。由,“Our,Courses”,部分中“Our,Intensive,Course,builds,on,our,Standard,Course,with,10,additional,lessons,per,week.”,可知,强化课程比标准课程每七天多,10,节课。故选,C,项。,37,.When,can,a,student,attend,Standard,Course?,A.13:00-14:30,Monday.,B.9:00-12:30,Tuesday.,C.13:00-14:30,Friday.,D.9:00-12:30,Saturday.,细节了解题。由,“Our,Courses”,部分表格能够看出,标准课程时间是周一至周五,9:0012:30,。故选,B,项。,20/60,-,21,-,(2),事实细节排序题,这类试题考查形式是在选项中列举一些详细事实,然后对这些事实进行排序。要求考生依据动作发生先后次序以及句子之间逻辑关系,找出事件发生、发展正确次序。考生能够先找出最早一个时间和事件,把它作为事件发生详细点,再找出最终一个发生,即采取“首尾”定位法,然后借助排除法将范围缩小,从而快速地选出正确答案。,21/60,-,22,-,【典例分析】,A schoolgirl saved her father,s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(,过敏)reaction which stopped his heart.,Izzy,nine,restarted her father Colm,s heart by stamping(,踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.,Izzy,s mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.,However,she quickly discovered her arms weren,t strong enough,so she stamped on her father,s chest instead.,Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(,按压)until the ambulance arrived.,22/60,-,23,-,Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn,t strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”,“She,s a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can,t believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we,ve got to see an expert.”,23/60,-,24,-,Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mysterious allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.,He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.,24/60,-,25,-,What,s the right order of the events?,Izzy kicked Colm.,Debbie called 999.,Izzy learned CPR.,Colm,s heart stopped.,A.,B.,C.,D.,排序题。依据第三段内容可知,戴比打了抢救电话之后,伊斯决定用踩方式对父亲进行抢救,也就是说,排在,前面,排除,A,、,D,两项,;,依据第六段内容可知,伊斯学习,CPR,是在父亲心脏停顿跳动之前,排除,B,项。,25/60,-,26,-,(3),数字细节题,这类试题有是在文章中直接表现出细节事实,有要经过详细计算才能够得出正确答案。详细计算题普通包括时间、年纪、价钱、数量、距离等计算。文章中通常会出现许多数字,它们对解题产生一定影响。解答这类试题方法是先了解文章大意,然后找到数字题所对应文章细节,经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确答案。,26/60,-,27,-,【典例分析】,(,浙江卷,B),Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(,调查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51%of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights,even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60%of 7-to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day,and 15%said they had fallen asleep at school.,How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest:most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children,ten hours is ideal(,理想).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35%of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.,.,27/60,-,28,-,26,.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?,A.7 hours.,B.8 hours.,C.10 hours.,D.18 hours.,数字细节题。依据第二段中,“For,most,school-age,children,ten,hours,is,ideal.”,可知,对于,11,岁孩子来说,天天,10,小时睡眠时间是最理想,故,C,项正确。,28/60,-,29,-,(4),图表细节题,这类题意在考查考生形象思维能力以及依据材料进行空间想象能力。图形识别题,通常有地图、人体实物、统计表等三种形式:简易地图考查考生方位感;人体实物图考查考生依据文字叙述进行形象再造能力;仪器仪表统计图考查考生基本读图、读数、读表能力。图表题普通会包括文章内容关键。解题时,针对图表有差异地方,要查找原文对应细节。,29/60,-,30,-,【典例分析】,(,北京卷,B),30/60,-,31,-,31/60,-,32,-,32/60,-,33,-,60,.What does TOKNOW offer its readers?,A.Online courses.,B.Articles on new topics.,C.Lectures on a balanced life.,D.Reports on scientific discoveries.,细节了解题。依据,What,s,inside,里面内容可知,这本杂志为读者提供一些关于最新话题方面文章。故应选,B,项。,61,.How much should you pay if you make a 12-month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?,A.,55.B.60.,C.,65.D.70.,细节了解题。依据,SUBSCRIBE,NOW,中第二种征订方式可知,除了欧洲人,其它人征订这本杂志礼品装一年需要支付,70,英镑。故,D,项正确。,33/60,-,34,-,62,.Subscribers of TOKNOW would get,.,A.free birthday presents,B.full refund within 28 days,C.membership of the TOKNOW club,D.chances to meet the experts in person,细节了解题。依据文章最终一句,“Refund,Policythe,subscription,can,be,cancelled,within,28,days,and,you,can,get,your,money,back.”,可知,二十八天内,你能够退订并得到全额退款。应选,B,项。,34/60,-,35,-,A,B,C,(,天津卷,A),Suppose you,re in a rush,feeling tired,not paying attention to your screen,and you send an email that could get you in trouble.,Realisation will probably set in seconds after you,ve clicked“send”.You freeze in horror and burn with shame.,What to do?Here are four common email accidents,and how to recover.,Clicking,“,send,”,too,soon,Don,t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet.Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.,35/60,-,36,-,A,B,C,Writing,the,wrong,name,The sooner you notice,the better.Respond quickly and briefly,apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured:don,t handle it too lightly,as people can be offended,especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names).,Clicking,“,reply,all,”,unintentionally,You accidentally reveal(,透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner,or what holiday you,d like to take.In this instance,the best solution is to send a quick,light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.But it can quickly rise to something worse,when everyone starts hitting“reply all”to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.In this instance,step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.,36/60,-,37,-,A,B,C,Sending,an,offensive,message,to,its,subject,The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.You write an unkind message about someone,intending to send it to a friend,but accidentally send it to the person you,re discussing.In that case,ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.,【语篇导读】,本文为一篇说明文。假如你工作繁忙身心疲惫,一不留神误发了一封电子邮件,怎么办呢,?,本文主要讲述了四种常见电子邮件事故,并给出了对应补救办法。,37/60,-,38,-,A,B,C,1,.After realising an email accident,you are likely to feel,.,A.curious,B.tired,C.awfulD.funny,C,解析,细节了解题。依据文章第二段中“You,freeze,in,horror,and,burn,with,shame.”,可知,当意识到电子邮件事故发生时,你可能会吓得僵住了,非常难为情。故选,C,项。,38/60,-,39,-,A,B,C,2,.If you have written the wrong name in an email,it is best to,.,A.apologise in a serious manner,B.tell the receiver to ignore the error,C.learn to write the name correctly,D.send a short notice to everyone,A,解析,细节了解题。依据,Writing,the,wrong,name,部分第二句,“Respond,quickly,and,briefly,apologising,for,your,mistake.”,可知,假如你在邮件中写错了名字,最好方法是立刻为自己错误道歉。故选,A,项。,39/60,-,40,-,A,B,C,3,.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your“reply all”email?,A.Try offering other choices.,B.Avoid further involvement.,C.Meet other staff members.,D.Make a light-hearted apology.,B,解析,推理判断题。依据,Clicking,“,reply,all,”,unintentionally,部分最终一句,“In,this,instance,step,away,from,your,keyboard,to,allow,everyone,to,calm,down.”,可知,当面对因为你误点,“,回复全部,”,而引发不愉快讨论时,你应该离开你电脑,让每个人都冷静下来。也就是说,要进行冷处理,防止深入参加。故选,B,项。,40/60,-,41,-,A,B,C,4,.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?,A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.,B.By seeking support from the receiver,s friends.,C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.,D.By talking to the receiver face to face.,D,解析,细节了解题。依据,Sending,an,offensive,message,to,its,subject,部分第三句,“In,that,case,ask,to,speak,in,person,as,soon,as,possible,and,say,sorry.”,可知,当你不小心误发了冒犯性邮件时,要尽快地当面去说清楚并道歉。故选,D,项。,41/60,-,42,-,A,B,C,5,.What is the passage mainly about?,A.Defining email errors.,B.Reducing email mistakes.,C.Handling email accidents.,D.Improving email writing.,C,解析,主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了四种常见电子邮件事故,并给出了对应补救办法。故选,C,项。,42/60,-,43,-,A,B,C,(,天津卷,B),Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone,not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age,and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to realize that your boy,in your footsteps,could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.,My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports weren,t written until the final threat.,I,ve been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master,s degree in English.But Jody?When he entered the tenth grade he became a“vo-tech”student(,技校学生).They,re called“motorheads”by the rest of the student body.,43/60,-,44,-,A,B,C,When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”,I was shocked.“Hey,he,s a good kid,”I wanted to say,“And smart,really.”,I learned later that motorheads are,indeed,different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they don,t often make school honor rolls(,光荣榜).,But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices don,t have the abilities that motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at$800.“Hey,I can fix it,”said Jody.I doubted it,but let him go ahead,for I had nothing to lose.,My son,with other motorheads,fixed the car.They got parts(,零件)from a junkyard,and ability from vo-tech classes.The cost was$25 instead of$800.,44/60,-,45,-,A,B,C,Since that first repair job,a broken air-conditioner,a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.,These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.,I have learned a lot from my motorhead:publishers need printers,engineers need mechanics,and architects need builders.Most important,I have learned that fathers don,t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.,My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine.,45/60,-,46,-,A,B,C,【语篇导读】,本文为记叙文。父亲总是希望儿子去实现自己未能实现目标。作者经过自己亲身经历,最终说明了这么一个道理,:,父亲没有必要让儿子去走他曾经走过路。,46/60,-,47,-,A,B,C,1,.What used to be the author,s hope for his son?,A.To avoid becoming his clone.,B.To resemble him in appearance.,C.To develop in a different direction.,D.To reach the author,s unachieved goals.,D,解析,推理判断题。由文章第一段可知,父亲都希望自己儿子能够重复他曾走过路。不过儿子可能会向另外方向发展。接着在第二段作者提到自己儿子就是这么一个孩子,没有按照作者意愿去发展。由此推出作者希望儿子去实现自己未能实现目标。,47/60,-,48,-,A,B,C,2,.What can we learn about the author,s children?,A.His daughter does better in school.,B.His daughter has got a master,s degree.,C.His son tried hard to finish homework.,D.His son couldn,t write his book reports.,A,解析,细节了解题。由第三段第二句“My daughter,is,a,university,graduate,working,toward,her,master,s,degree,in,Engl
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