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,Module 6 Old and New,Grammar,1/27,1.Learn the attributive clauses.,2.Learn some language points.,Learning aims,2/27,试比较：,1.This is the place,where I lived ten years ago,.,The school,where I once studied,was built thirty,years ago.,2.He is a man,who I can ask for help,.,His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,Leading-in,限制性定语从句和先行词关系亲密，假如去掉从句，剩下部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词附加说明，假如去掉从句，意义依然完整。,3/27,GRAMMAR 1,Non-defining attributive clauses,4/27,1.,非限制性定语从句位于名词之后，不作限定性描述，仅作说明和补充，通惯用逗号隔开。,Peter,who had been driving all day,suggested stopping at the next town.,彼得开了整整一天车，他提议在下一个城镇停留。,She gave me this dictionary,which she had bought in the bookshop.,她送给我这本词典，是她在书店买,。,5/27,2.,在限制性定语从句中，假如关系代词在从句中作宾语，常可省略。非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，不能用,that,引导。关系代词跟在介词之后不能省略。,1)The letter,which/that,I received was from Ben.,=,The letter _ _ was from Ben.,2)In the dark street,there wasnt a person to,whom,she could turn for help.,=,there wasnt a person,_ she could turn to for help.,I received,whom/who/,不填,6/27,3.,关系代词,as,可引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句意思,其位置比较灵活,可位于句首、句中、句末,;which,引导非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。,As,we all know,English is easy to learn.,English,as,we all know,is easy to learn.,He failed the exam,which,made his father angry.,7/27,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句,类别,意义,功效,形式,关系代词,副词,限制性定语从句,起限定作用,若省略,原句意义不完整,修饰先行词,通常紧接先行词后,无逗号,关系词可由,that,代替，也可省略,非限制性定语从句,补充说明,若省去,不影响句意,修饰先行词或整句,有逗号与主句隔开,关系词不可由,that,代替,也不能省略,8/27,【,高考链接,】,1.(,天津,高考,)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.,A.that B.where,C.which D.when,【,解题关键,】,句意,:,我们将会把去公园野餐时间推迟到下周,那个时候天气可能会更加好一些。先行词是,next week,在从句中作时间状语,故选,when,。,9/27,2.,（,福建高考）,China Today,attracts a worldwide readership,_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.,A.whoB.whom C.that D.which,【解,题关键,】,依据句子结构可知空格后句子是对空格前句子解释说明，是非限制性定语从句。,which,指代前面整个句子。,10/27,3.,（,江苏高考）,The number of smokers,_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.,A.it B.which C.what D.as,【解,题关键,】,句意：据报道，吸烟者数量在仅仅一年内下降了,17%,。,as,引导定语从句，表示“正如”。,which,引导非限制性定语从句时，不放在句中。,11/27,GRAMMAR 2,Contraction of attributive clauses,12/27,Read the sentences and find out the meaning of them,and underline the relative clauses.,1.I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty,years ago.,2.I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty,years ago.,3.I wanted to visit the house that my grandparents,lived in.,4.The bus which I took back to my birth place was full,of visitors from other parts of China.,13/27,Summary,当引导定语从句关系代词充当宾语时，能够省略。,当引导定语从句关系代词充当主语时，则不能省略。,14/27,Rules of the contraction of attributive clauses,.,有些定语从句能够缩略为各种短语，如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等，且句意不受影响。我们称这一语法现象为定语从句缩略。,15/27,缩略为分词短语：,1.,有些定语从句可直接略去作主语关系代词（,who,which,that,）和部分谓语（,am,is,are,was,were,）等，使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。,(1)I know the men(who are)sitting in that car.,我认识坐在那辆汽车里那些人。,(2)The boys helped the people(that were)hurt in the accident.,那些男孩子救助了事故中受伤人们。,16/27,(3)The problem(which is)bothering everybody is the lack of money.,令大家麻烦问题是缺乏资金。,(4)The book(that has been)given to him is an English novel.,给他那本书是一部英语小说。,17/27,2.,有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句普通缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词时态和语态特征。,比如：,(1)The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking.The man,owning,that car will be fined for illegal parking.,那辆汽车主人将因违章停车而被处以罚款。,18/27,(2)Bill,who had taken chemistry in high school,offered to help him.Bill,having taken chemistry in high school,offered to help him.,比尔在高中学过化学，他主动提出帮助他。,19/27,Language Points,20/27,make sense,讲得通,;,有意义,;,有道理,If you take away the attributive clauses,do the sentences still,make sense,?,假如你把定语从句拿掉，这些句子依然有意义吗？,What he said doesnt make any sense.,他说话毫无意义。,It makes good sense that they keep cattle on the hillside.,他们在山坡上养牛很有道理。,21/27,【,知识拓展,】,make a lot of/some/no sense,很有,/,有一定,/,没有道理,make sense of.,弄懂，了解（主语常为人）,in a/some sense,从某种意义上讲,in no sense/way,绝不,there is no sense in doing sth.,做某事毫无道理,22/27,I dont make sense of what she said.,我不了解她话。,This sentence makes no sense.,这个句子没有意义。,There is no sense in worrying about the past.,为过去事情担忧是毫无意义。,23/27,【,即学即练,】,This sentence just doesnt _,no,matter how you read it.,不论你怎样读这个句子，它就是没有任何意义。,2.Can you _this poem?,你看得懂这首诗吗？,make any sense,完成句子。,make sense of,24/27,Class exercises,1.,（,天津,高考,)English is a language shared by,several diverse cultures,each of them uses it differently.,改错。,which,2.,（,辽宁高考）,He may win the competition,in that case he is likely to get into the national team.,which,25/27,Homework,Make a summary of the use of the Attributive Clauses.,26/27,Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy,and wise.,早睡早起，富裕、聪明、身体好。,27/27,
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