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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,1/64,情态动词基本使用方法,1.shall,(1)用在第一、三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或指示。,Has Mr.Wang arrived?,王先生到了吗？,Yes，already.,Shall he wait outside,or just come in?,是，已经到了。是让他进来，还是在外面等？,2/64,(2)用于第二、三人称陈说句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。,The school rules state that,no child shall be allowed,out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.,学校制度要求，除非有家长陪同，任何孩子不准离开学校。,3/64,2.must,(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。,Smoking,must not be allowed,in the office.,禁止在办公室吸烟。,(2)表示偏执、固执，常译成“一定要，非要”。,Why,must you be talking,so loudly while others are studying?,为何在他人正学习时候，你非得这么大声说话呢？,(纲领全国卷)If you,must smoke,please go outside.,假如你一定要吸烟，请到外面去。,4/64,3.should,(1)表示依据经验常识预测可能性，并意为“可能，(按道理)应该”。,Its nearly 7 oclock.Jack,should be here,at the moment.,快7点了，杰克此刻应该在这儿了。,(2)竟然，竟然,I am surprised that you,should speak,in such a way.,我很惊奇你竟然用那种口气说话。,5/64,4.would 与used to,would 可表示过去重复发生动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作动词，不能接表示状态词。used to表示过去习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。,He,would come,to see us on Sundays.,过去他经常星期天来探望我们。,Our company,used to do business,with theirs.,过去我们企业和他们企业常有业务往来。,6/64,5.can 和could 使用方法,(1)表示诧异，惯用在否定句和疑问句中。,How could you,do such a silly thing?,你怎么能做那样蠢事呢？,(2)cannot.too/enough 表示“不论也不过分”，“越越好”。,You,cant be too,careful while driving.,开车时越小心越好。,7/64,6.“may as well动词原形”意为“最好，不妨，倒不如”。,You,may as well do,it at once.,你最好马上就做这件事。,We,may as well stay,where we are.,我们留在现在地方倒也不错。,8/64,1.“must/may/might/cant/couldnt+动词原形”对现在发生动作或存在状态推测。,“must/may/might/cant/couldnt+be doing”对正在进行动作推测。,“must/may/might/cant/couldnt+have done”对过去或已经完成动作推测。,He,couldnt be doing,his homework,because there is a wonderful football match now.,他不可能在做家庭作业，因为现在有场精彩足球比赛。,You,must have said,something to upset him.,你一定说了什么让他不高兴话。,情态动词表“推测”,9/64,2.can 用于必定句中有时能够用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中能够表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一个,诧异语气；用于否定句中也能够表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。,Mr.Bush is on time for everything.,How can it be,that he was late for the meeting?,布什先生做什么事情都很按时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？,It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but,it can be,rather cold sometimes.,我故乡通常在三月份很暖和，但有时会相当冷。,10/64,3.may，might用于必定句中能够用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也能够表示推测，may not 意为“可能不”，表示一个不太确定语气。,The traffic is heavy these days.I,might,arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?,最近这些天交通拥挤，我有可能迟到一会儿，所以请你给我留个位子好吗？,Liza,may well not,want to go on the tripshe hates travelling.,莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厌恶旅行。（may 常与well连用，may well 主要用于加强推测语气，表示有较大可能性。）,11/64,4.must 表示推测时只能用于必定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分必定(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。,Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?,嗨，汤姆，你知道简在哪儿吗？,She,must be,in the classroom.I saw her there just now.,她必定在教室里，我刚才在那儿看到她了。,12/64,5.should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应该如此”意思。,The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so,there shouldnt be any difficulty,in traveling around the city.,现在北京公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。,13/64,情态动词+have done,1.could have done用于必定句，表示原来能够做，而实际上未做，用疑问或否定形式对过去发生行为表示推测，cant have done 多用于语气强烈否定，意为“不可能做过”。,The accident,could have been avoided,.,这场事故原来是能够防止。,14/64,2.may/might have done 表示对过去行为推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。另外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。,I cant find my purse anywhere.,我处处都找不到我钱包。,You,may have lost,it while shopping.,你可能在购物时候弄丢了。,15/64,3.must have done 表示对过去行为推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分必定。,It must have rained,last night,for the ground is wet.,昨晚必定下雨了，因为地面是湿。,16/64,4.should/ought to have done 用于必定句时，表示“过去本该做某事，而实际上未做”；shouldnt have done/oughtnt to have done则表示“过去不该做某事反而做了”。,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I,shouldnt have eaten,so much fried chicken just now.,我现在以为肚子疼，我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。,17/64,5.neednt have done 表示“原来无须做某事而实际上却做了”。,I actually,neednt have bought,so much wineonly three people came.,其实我本没必要买这么多酒，只来了三个人。,18/64,非真实条件句虚拟语气,情况,从句动词,主句动词,例句,与现在事实相反,动词过去式(be动词一律用were),would/could/should/might 动词原形,If I had time，I would attend your party.,假如我有时间，我就去参加你宴会了。,If I saw him now，I would be very happy.,假如我现在见到他，我会很高兴。,19/64,与过去事实相反,had过去分词,would/could/should/mighthave过去分词,You didnt let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldnt have got so tired.,你当初不让我开车。假如我们轮番开，你就不会以为那么累了。,与未来事实相反,动词过去式;should动词原形；were to动词原形,would/could/might/should动词原形,If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.,假如明天下雪，我们就摄影。,20/64,注意,：(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。,Were,I you,I would stay.,倘若我是你，我就留下。,Should I,be free tomorrow,I would come.,假如我明天有空，我会来。,Had you,taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination.,假如你听了我提议，你就不会考试不及格了。,21/64,(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句动作发生时间不一致，此时，主句和从句谓语动词要依据各自所指不一样时间选择适当动词形式。,If you had,worked hard，,you would be,sitting comfortably in an office now.,假如你真努力工作了，你现在就会舒适地坐在办公室里。(从句指过去，主句指现在),22/64,(3)有时虚拟条件并不经过条件从句表示出来，而是经过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子时态要依详细情况而定。,Without electricity(If there were no electricity)，,life would be,quite different today.,假如没有电，今天生活就会完全不一样。,But for,your help，,it would have,caused a serious loss.,要不是你帮助，那将会造成巨大损失。,I was busy that day.Otherwise,I would have,gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，不然，我就和他们一起去那儿了。,23/64,1.在表示提议、命令、要求、愿望等词相关名词性从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这么用动词有：suggest 提议；advise 劝说；propose提议；recommend 推荐，劝说，提议；demand 要求；desire 渴望；insist 坚持，果断要求；prefer 宁愿；urge 主张；request 要求；require 要求；order 命令，command 命令，以及这些词名词形式。,Mr.Johnson,insisted,that the problem worthy of attention,(should)be discussed,at the meeting.,约翰逊先生果断要求应在会议上谈论值得注意问题。,My,advice,is that we,should think it over,before accepting it.,我提议是在接收之前要认真考虑。,名词性从句中虚拟语气,24/64,注意：,suggest作“表明，暗示”讲时，其从句不虚拟。即：,物+suggest(表明，暗示)+that 从句（不虚拟）,人+suggest（提议）+that 从句（要虚拟，用should+动,词原形）,Janes pale face,suggested,that she,was,ill，and her parents,suggested,that she,(should)have,a medical,examination.,简苍白脸色表明她生病了，她父母提议她做一下健康检验。,25/64,insist作“坚持，果断要求”讲，其从句要虚拟（should+动词原形）；insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲，其从句不虚拟。,The young man,insisted,that he,didnt steal,the money.,那个年轻人坚持说他没有偷钱。,26/64,2.wish后面所跟宾语从句中虚拟语气,表示对现在情况虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were,表示对过去情况虚拟：wish主语had过去分词,表示对未来情况虚拟：wish主语would动词原形,I,wish,she,were,here.,她在这儿就好了。,I,wish,she,had taken,my advice.,那时她要是听我话就好了。,I,wish,you,would,go with us tomorrow.,希望你明天跟我们一块去。,27/64,3.主语从句中虚拟语气,在表示诧异、惋惜、遗憾，理应如此等意义主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气结构为：should+动词原形。主句中,谓语动词形式不限。句型：,Its+adj.(如necessary,important,strange,natural,essential,curious等)+that从句（从句中惯用should+动词原形）,It is suggested/requested/proposed+that从句(从句中惯用,should+动词原形),28/64,Its important that,we,should,learn English well.,我们学好英语很主要。,Its suggested that,the meeting,should,be put off till next week.,有些人提议会议推迟到下星期。,29/64,其它句型中虚拟语气,1.would rather 句型中虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，希望”。(现在和未来愿望用过去时；对过去愿望用过去完成时),Id rather we didnt,go to see a film this evening.,我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。,Id rather you had,returned the book yesterday.,希望你昨天把书还了。,30/64,2.It is(high/about)time(that).句型中虚拟语气,在句型“It is(high/about)time.”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中惯用过去式。有时也用“should动词原形”，意为“该是时候了”。,It is time(that),we,went,home.,我们该回家了。,比较,：Its the first time(that)I have had such a wonderful meal.,It was the second time(that)you had broken the window.,（当time前有序数词时，后面从句用完成时。）,31/64,3.if only 引导感叹句中虚拟语气,在“if only”引导感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反愿望。,If only I were,a bird!,要是我是一只鸟该多好啊！,If only I had,not been ill last week!,要是上周我没病该多好啊！,32/64,4.as if/as though 从句中虚拟语气,假如as if/as though引导从句谓语动词与主句动词所表示动作同时发生，as if/as though从句中谓语动词用过去时；假如as if/as though引导从句谓语动词所表示动作先于主句谓语动词所表示动作，从句用过去完成时。,When a pencil is put into a glass of water,it looks,as if it were,broken.,当把铅笔放入一杯水中，它看起来就像是断了。,When Mary met Tom in the street,she pretended,as if she hadnt seen,him.,当玛丽在街上碰到汤姆，她假装没有看见他。,33/64,5.过去完成时had meant/wanted/intended/planned to do 表示“过去原本打算做，但实际上没做成。”,I,had meant to help you,but I got caught in the traffic.,我本打算帮你，但我堵车了。,34/64,.单句填空,1.Its eight oclock already.Jack _ be here by now.,Oh,he told me that he was going to see his dentist and wouldnt be back until ten.,【解析】句意：8点钟了。杰克现在应该到了。哦，他告诉我他要去看牙医，在10点以前是不会回来。should有“依据情理或常理推断某事将可能发生”之意。,【答案】1.should,2.Jack,take more clothes when going camping.It _ be very cold in the mountains.,Thank you,Mum.I will.,【解析】句意：8点钟了。杰克现在应该到了。哦，他告诉我他要去看牙医，在10点以前是不会回来。should有“依据情理或常理推断某事将可能发生”之意。,【答案】2.can,35/64,3.Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention to _(underline)before class.,【解析】句意：我们老师坚持要在课前将值得注意关键词划线。insist后宾语从句中谓语动词应是should+动词原形，其中，should 能够省略；依据句意应用被动。,【答案】3.(should)be underlined,4.If Jim _(be)more independent,his parents divorce would not have affected him as deeply.,【解析】句意：假如吉姆当初愈加独立一些,他父母离婚就不会如此深深地影响他。考查对已发生之事虚拟，从句用had done形式，主句用would+have done形式。,【答案】4.had been,36/64,5.If the dog hadnt woken us,we wouldnt have noticed the fire and it _(spread)to the house next door.,【解析】句意：假如当初不是这只狗把我们弄醒,我们就不会注意到火，那么大火就可能会蔓延到隔壁房子。前半句是虚拟，后半句是对过去可能发生之事推测，因为只是可能性，故用might+have done形式。,【答案】5.might have spread,6.It is required that all traffic participants _(observe)the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster.,【解析】句意：要求全部交通参加者应恪守交通规则,让交通更安全、更顺畅。require后从句里谓语动词应是should+动词原形，其中，should 能够省略。句中that后是真正主语从句，而句首it是形式主语。,【答案】6.（should,）observe,37/64,7.After supper she _ sit down by the fire,sometimes as long as an hour,thinking of her young and happy days.,【解析】句意：晚饭后她总会在火旁坐下来,有时长达一个小时,想着她那些年轻和高兴日子。would 有“过去总是”之意，往往是对过去发生事情追忆。,【答案】7.would,8.Most students went to the party yesterday.It is a pity that you were absent.,I wish I _(have).But I was terribly busy.,【解析】句意：大多数学生去了昨天聚会，遗憾是你缺席。我也希望我能参加啊,但我太忙了。wish后虚拟语气用had done形式，表示对已发生之事虚拟，这里意为：I wish I had gone to the party yesterday.为了简练，相同动词和宾语gone to the party被省略了。,【答案】8.had,38/64,9.The job position in the advertisement requires that the applicant _(have)at least 8 years of working experience.,【解析】句意：广告中职位要求申请人最少有8年工作经验。主句中有谓语动词require,其后从句应用should+动词原形，should能够省略。,【答案】9.(should)have,10.Our parents and teachers often tell us that we _ be careful enough no matter what we do.,【解析】句意：我们父母和老师经常告诉我们：不论我们做什么，我们怎么小心也不过分。cannot be+adj./adv.+enough+to do意为“越就越好；怎么也不过分”。,【答案】10.cant,39/64,11.Jack fell off the ladder yesterday,but he is all right now.,What a lucky dog!He _(injure)himself badly.,【解析】句意：Jack昨天从梯子上摔了下来，不过现在没事了。真幸运！他本可能摔得很严重。依据“but he is all right now”可知，本句是一个虚拟语气句；依据yesterday可知，此处是对过去推测，故用情态动词+have done形式。,【答案】11.could have injured,12.If Rose hadnt lost her left leg in the accident last year,she _(sit)in the wheelchair now.,【解析】整个句子属于错综条件句，从句与过去事实相反；依据时间状语now可知，主句与现在事实相反，所以答案为wouldnt sit,。,【答案】12.wouldnt sit,40/64,13.It _(can)be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.,【解析】句意：因为你已经掌握了很多单词，所以，引发你练习中出现问题原因不可能是词汇。Couldnt 是非常必定推测。,【答案】13.couldnt,14.Maybe if I _(study)science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.,【解析】句意：可能假如当初我学习是理科而不是文科话，那么我（现在）就能够给你更多帮助了。依据then一词能够确定此处表示与过去事实相反，故if引导从句部分用had done。,【答案】14.had studied,41/64,15.Colin failed in his attempt to win a prize in the speech contest.,I wish he _(practice)his speaking skills for the coming Creativity English Competition.,【解析】依据题干中wish可知，其后宾语从句需要用虚拟语气形式，同时依据coming可知，这是未来比赛，由此可知，说话者强调希望他现在为即未降临比赛做准备了，故用wish sb.did表示对现在情况虚拟。,【答案】15.practiced,16.How did you do in the test?,Not so well.I _(do)much better but I misread the directions for Part D.,【解析】句意：你考试怎么样？不太好。我本能够做得更加好，但我读错了D部分说明。对过去推测，用情态动词+have done。,【答案】16.could have done,42/64,17.What would have happened if the thief _(enter)the house,without being noticed?,【解析】句意：要是贼进了房子而没被发觉，那将会怎样呢？依据题干中 would have happened可知，本句话是对过去发生事情虚拟，由此可知，if从句谓语动词应用had done形式。,【答案】17.had entered,18.I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence _(fail)such an easy test.,【解析】考查情态动词表推测使用方法。句意：我感到诧异，像他这么智力人竟然连如此简单测试都没有经过。should在这里表示诧异态度。,【答案】18.should have failed,43/64,19.It is recommended that you _(book)your accommodation in advance in tourist season,as you may find all the best hotels are not accessible.,【解析】句意：推荐您在旅游季节提前预定住宿，因为您可能会发觉全部最好酒店都无法入住。recommend,、suggest等表提议、要求、命令等词从句要用should加动词原形表虚拟语气，should可省。,【答案】19.(should)book,20.Im as busy as a bee;_ you bother me with so many questions now?,【解析】句意：我现在像蜜蜂一样忙碌,你偏偏要拿这么多问题来烦我吗?must 常可用来表示“令人不快事”，意即“偏偏要”。,【答案】20.must,44/64,21.But for your timely warning,we _(get)into great trouble.,Well,you know were friends.,【解析】本句包含含蓄条件虚拟语气，它表示条件不是经过if条件句表示出来，而是经过介词短语but for（要不是，假如没有）表示出来；句意：要不是你及时提醒，我就会陷入大麻烦了。嗯！你知道我们是好朋友。依据句意可知这件事情发生在过去，故主句使用would have done表示对过去情况虚拟。,【答案】21.would have got,22.She got stuck in a terrible traffic jam on the highway to Shanghai,or she _(have)dinner with her family now.,【解析】句意：她在去上海高速上碰到了堵车，不然，她现在将正和家人一起吃晚饭。or不然，要不然，指假设情况，是一个含蓄条件句，依据句意可知，吃晚饭发生在未来，再依据or表虚拟，应该使用过去未来进行时。,【答案】22.would be having,45/64,23.Its a pity that you were late,otherwise you _(see)the film star Rain from Korea.,【解析】句意：很可惜，你迟到了，不然你就会/可能看到来自韩国电影明星Rain了。依据otherwise可知，此处是含蓄虚拟语气，依据were可知，此处表示对过去事实虚拟，主句应用would/could have done形式。,【答案】23.would/could have seen,24.If he _(listen)to the teacher attentively in the past year,he _(know)the answer to the question now.,【解析】考查混合型虚拟语气。句意：假如在过去一年里他认真听老师讲课了，那么他现在就能够知道这个问题答案了。从in the past year 判断前面条件状语从句是对过去进行假设，应该用过去完成时；而后面主句中now则提醒应该是对现在虚拟，应该用would+动词原形，所以整个句子是混合型虚拟语气。,【答案】24.had listened;would know,46/64,25.We would rather our daughter _(stay)at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.,【解析】would rather后面从句要使用虚拟语气，假如从句表示与现在或未来事实相反，要用普通过去时，假如与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。句意：我们宁愿我们女儿待在家里，不过这是她选择，她已经不再是孩子了。依据句意可知是与现在事实相反，所以用普通过去时。,【答案】25.stayed,26.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _(take)me to Disneyland at weekends.,【解析】本句中would表过去习惯性动作，可译为“过去经常”，现在可能还会继续做下去。区分于used to do过去经常做某事，通常表示现在已经不这么做了。句意：我依然记得我那幸福童年，在那时我母亲经常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。,【答案】26.would take,47/64,27.Should it rain tomorrow,we _(cancel)the football match.,【解析】句意：假如明天下雨，我们就取消足球比赛。依据从句should it可知这是和未来事实相反虚拟条件句，故主句用would do形式。,【答案】27.would cancel,28.To my surprise,some of my students _ stay up to study for the coming examination.,【解析】句意：令我惊奇是,我一些学生为了即将到来考试竟然要熬夜学习。should可用来表示“诧异语气”，意即“竟然会，竟然会”。,【答案】28.should,48/64,29.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _(do)it?,【解析】连词短语as if似乎，好像,其后面从句有两种情况，假如是真事情，就使用陈说语气；假如表示是假事情，就使用虚拟语气。其中与过去事实相反，使用过去完成时；与未来事实相反，使用过去未来时；与现在事实相反，使用普经过去时。句意：打破窗户是John，为何你和我说话时就好像是我打破了窗户一样。依据前一句中was可知打破窗户是过去发生事情，所以是与过去事实相反虚拟语气，故使用过去完成时。,【答案】29.had done,30.You failed to pass the English test again,didnt you?,Yeah,if only I _(work)harder at school!,【解析】句意：你英语考试又没有经过，是吗？是。我要是在学校更努力些就好了。依据句意可知，此处是对过去情况虚拟，if only结构中应用had done形式。,【答案】30.had worked,49/64,.单句改错,1.Mary,now you have a chance to study in Singapore for a year as an exchange student.Are you interested?,【解析】句意：玛丽,现在你有机会作为交换生到新加坡学习一年。你感兴趣吗?这是真吗?我当然会去。may用在问句中表示“许可”；can用在问句中表示“可能性”。,【答案】1.MayCan,May that be true?Of course Ill go.,2.Whenever we met,Lily could greet me first though I was younger than her.,【解析】句意：每当我们见面,莉莉会先问候我，即使我比她小。would 有“过去总是”之意，往往是对过去发生事情追忆。,【答案】2.couldwould,50/64,3.According to the school rules,no student will go out of the school after eleven oclock p.m.,【解析】句意：依据校规,学生不得在晚上11点钟后到校外去。shall 用于第二或第三人称必定句中时，可表示“要求，命令”等。,【答案】3.willshall,4.He chose to teach in a western province,though he would have stayed in the city for a better life.,【解析】句意：即使他能够在这个城市过更加好生活，但他却选择到西部省份支教。could have done意为“本能够做(但未做)”。,【答案】4.wouldcould,51/64,5.There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs would there be a sudden loud noise.,【解析】句意：假如突然有很大噪音，这些母鸡有可能会因受到惊吓而少下
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