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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,1,PART ONE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2,PART TWO,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,3,PART THREE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,4,PART FOUR,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,5,PART FIVE,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考词汇精练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,CONTENTS,01,02,03,04,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,标题文本预设,此部分内容作为文字排版占位显示（建议使用主题字体）,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,目录,目录,CONTENTS,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,目录,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第八讲 非谓语动词,01,02,动词不定式,1.,不定式时态和语态,|,2.,不定式句法功效,3.,不定式省略,动名词,1.,动名词时态和语态,|,2.,动名词句法功效,3.,动名词复合结构,I.,单句语法填空,|,II.,单句改错,|,III.,翻译句子,|,IV.,语法填空,|,V.,短文改错,分词,现在分词,|,过去分词,非谓语动词几个主要结构,with,复合结构,|,独立主格结构,06,针对训练,03,04,1/68,动词不定式,2/68,动词不定式含有,名词、形容词、副词,特征。其组成形式为,(to),do,，否定式为：,not,(to)do,。,3/68,一、不定式时态和语态,(,以,write,为例,),主 动,被 动,普通式,to write,to be written,完成式,to have written,to have been written,进行式,to be writing,4/68,一、不定式时态和语态,普通式：不定式普通式所表示动作与谓语动词动作,同时,发生或发生在谓语动词动作,之后,。,Its nice,to meet,you.,很高兴见到你。,The patient asked,to be operated on,at once.,病人要求马上手术。,1,5/68,一、不定式时态和语态,完成式：不定式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词动作,之前,。,I happened,to have seen,the film.,我恰巧看过这部电影。,He is pleased,to have been praised,.,他很高兴得到表彰。,2,6/68,一、不定式时态和语态,进行式：不定式进行式所表示动作与谓语动词动作,同时,发生。,The boy pretended,to be working,hard.,男孩假装学习得很努力。,3,7/68,二、不定式句法功效,作主语,(1),不定式作主语常表示详细动作,To finish the work,in ten minutes is very hard.,十分钟之内完成这项工作是极难。,1,名师指津,动词不定式短语作主语时，惯用,it,作形式主语,，真正主语不定式置于句后，比如上面一句改为：,It,is very hard,to finish the work,in ten minutes.,8/68,二、不定式句法功效,作主语,(2)it,作形式主语惯用句式,It,be,n,.,to do sth,It takes sb,some time,to do sth,It,be,adj,.,for/of sb,to do sth,1,名师指津,在第三个句式中，若形容词为,careless,，,clever,，,good,，,foolish,，,honest,，,kind,，,lazy,，,nice,，,right,，,silly,，,stupid,，,wise,等表示人品质特征形容词，介词惯用,of,，其它形容词用,for,。,Its an honour for me to be invited,to give you a speech.,对于我来说，我很荣幸被邀请来给你们作汇报。,It is stupid of you to write down,everything the teacher says.,你把老师说每一个字都记下来太愚蠢了。,9/68,二、不定式句法功效,作表语,Her job is,to clean the hall,.,她工作是清扫大厅。,He appears,to have caught a cold,.,他似乎感冒了。,2,10/68,二、不定式句法功效,作宾语,(1),动词不定式,常见这类动词有：,afford(,付得起,),，,agree(,同意,),，,aim(,力争做到,),，,appear(,显得,),，,arrange(,安排,),，,ask(,要求,),，,attempt(,试图,),，,care(,想要,),，,choose(,决定,),，,claim(,声称,),，,decide(,决定,),，,demand(,要求,),，,determine(,决心,),，,pretend(,假装,),等。,3,名师指津,假如不定式后面有宾语补足语，则用,it,作形式宾语，真正宾语后置，放在宾语补足语后面。,He,found it important to study,a foreign language.,他发觉学习一门外语很主要。,She,pretended not to see,me when I passed by.,当我经过时，她假装没看见我。,11/68,二、不定式句法功效,作宾语,(2),动词疑问词不定式,常见这类动词有：,decide,，,know,，,consider,，,forget,，,learn,，,remember,，,show,，,understand,，,see,，,wonder,，,hear,，,find out,，,explain,，,tell,等。,3,There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant,decide which to buy,.,有这么多录音机在特价销售，我都拿不定主意买哪一个。,12/68,二、不定式句法功效,作宾语,(3),介词疑问词不定式,3,He gave us some advice,on how to learn English,.,他给了我们一些学英语提议。,13/68,二、不定式句法功效,作宾语补足语,(1),常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语动词,(,短语,),有,：,want,，,wish,，,ask,，,tell,，,order,，,beg,，,permit,，,help,，,advise,，,persuade,，,allow,，,prepare,，,cause,，,force,，,invite,，,consider,，,call on,，,wait for,等。,4,Father,does not allow us to play,on the street.,父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。,We,consider Tom to be,one of the best students in our class.,我们认为汤姆是班上最好学生之一。,14/68,二、不定式句法功效,作宾语补足语,(2),有些使役动词和感官动词,如,make,，,let,，,have,，,see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,等后常跟不带,to,不定式作宾补，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加,to,。,4,I,saw him cross,the road.,我看见他穿过公路。,He,was seen to cross,the road.,他被看见穿过公路。,15/68,二、不定式句法功效,作定语,动词不定式作定语，,放在所修饰名词或代词后,。有以下几个情况：,(1),不定式作定语和被修饰名词含有,“,动宾关系,”,，即被修饰名词是不定式动作承受者；假如不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上对应介词。,5,I have a lot of things,to do,.,我有好多事情要去做。,The Browns have a comfortable house,to live in,.,布朗一家有一座舒适大房子住。,16/68,二、不定式句法功效,作定语,(2),若名词前有,序数词、最高级或,no,all,only,等修饰，后面普通用不定式作定语。,5,He was the last one,to leave school,yesterday.,他是昨天最终一个离开学校。,17/68,二、不定式句法功效,作定语,(3),有一些,抽象名词,惯用不定式作定语，常见有：,ability,，,chance,attempt,decision,warning,promise,等。,5,Their decision,to give up the experiment,surprised us.,他们放弃试验决定让我们很吃惊。,18/68,二、不定式句法功效,作状语,(1),表示,目标,，能够放在句末，也能够放在句首。,6,He worked day and night,to get the money,.,他夜以继日地工作来盈利。,To buy the watch chain,，,she sold her hair.,她卖掉了自己头发来买那条表链。,名师指津,不定式作目标状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：,To save money,，,every means has been tried.(),To save money,，,he has tried every means.(),为了省钱，他使出了满身解数。,19/68,二、不定式句法功效,作状语,(2),表示,结果,，往往是与预期愿望相反结果，常放在,never,，,only,等词后。,6,He hurried to the station,only to find,the train had gone.,他急忙赶到车站，只见火车已经走了。,20/68,二、不定式句法功效,作状语,(3),表示,原因,，常放在形容词后面。,6,They were very sad,to hear,the news.,他们听到这条新闻非常难过。,21/68,二、不定式句法功效,作状语,(4),表示,程度,：惯用结构是,too.to.,，,enough to.,6,Its,too dark for us to see,anything.,太暗了，我们什么也看不见。,The question is,simple enough for him to answer,.,这问题由他往返答是很简单。,22/68,二、不定式句法功效,作插入语,7,To tell you the truth,，,I dont like the way he talked.,说实话，我不喜欢他讲话方式。,23/68,三、不定式省略,不定式中动词省略：保留,to,省略,to,后动词。,1,If you dont want to do it,，,you dont need,to,.,假如你不想做这件事，你就无须做。,24/68,三、不定式省略,不定式符号,to,省略：两个并列不定式，第二个不定式符号,to,可省略。,2,He wished to study medicine and,become,a doctor.,他希望学医并成为医生。,名师指津,在以下结构中,to,为介词,，后接动词时要用动名词。,look forward to,be/get/become used to,stick to devote.to.,object to lead to,prefer.to.belong to,The couple,has been used to,living in the south.,这对夫妇已经习惯于住在南方了。,25/68,动名词,26/68,动名词既含有,动词,一些特征，又含有,名词,句法功效。其组成形式为：,doing,，其否定式为：,not,doing,。,27/68,一、动名词时态和语态,(,以,write,为例,),主动,被动,普通时,writing,being written,完成时,having written,having been written,28/68,一、动名词时态和语态,动名词主动语态,普通式表示与谓语动词所表示动作同时发生,，,完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生,。,Seeing,is,believing,.,眼见为实。,We remembered,having seen,the film.,我们记得看过这部电影。,1,29/68,一、动名词时态和语态,动名词被动语态,普通式,表示与谓语动词同时发生被动动作，,完成式,表示发生在谓语动词之前被动动作。,He came to the party without,being invited,.,他未被邀请就来到了晚会。,He forgot,having been taken,to Guangzhou when he was five years old.,他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。,2,30/68,二、动名词句法功效,作主语,动名词作主语常表示普通动作,Reading aloud,is very helpful.,朗诵是很有好处。,Collecting stamps,is interesting.,集邮很有趣。,1,31/68,二、动名词句法功效,作主语,1,名师指津,当动名词短语作主语时惯用,it,作形式主语，惯用于以下句型中：,Its no use quarreling,with her.,与她吵架是没用。,It is/was+,no use/good,not any use/good,of little use/good,worth,+,doing sth.,32/68,二、动名词句法功效,作表语,In the ant city,，,the queens job is,laying eggs,.,在蚂蚁王国，蚁后工作是产卵。,2,33/68,二、动名词句法功效,作宾语,(1),作动词,(,短语,),宾语。要记住以下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：,enjoy,，,finish,，,suggest,，,avoid(,防止,),，,excuse,，,delay,，,imagine,，,keep,，,miss,，,consider,，,admit(,认可,),，,deny(,否定,),，,mind,，,permit,，,forbid,，,practise,，,risk(,冒险,),，,appreciate(,感激,),，,be busy,，,be worth,，,feel like,，,cant stand,，,cant help(,情不自禁地,),，,think of,，,dream of,，,be fond of,，,prevent.(from),，,keep.from,，,stop.(from),，,protect.from,，,set about,，,be engaged in,，,spend.(in),，,succeed in,，,be/get used to(,习惯于,),，,look forward to,，,object to,，,pay attention to,，,insist on,，,feel like,3,They havent,finished building,the dam.,他们还没有建好大坝。,34/68,二、动名词句法功效,作宾语,(2),作介词宾语,3,We have to prevent the air,from being polluted,.,我们必须阻止空气被污染。,名师指津,动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则惯用,形式宾语,it,。,We found,it no good making,fun of others.,我们发觉取笑他人不好。,35/68,二、动名词句法功效,作定语,动名词作定语,表示是被修饰事物性质或用途。,4,He bought a ticket for a,sleeping,car for his vacation.,为了假期，他买了一张卧铺车票。,There is a,swimming,pool in the backyard.,在后院有个游泳池。,36/68,三、动名词复合结构,动名词,前面带上自己逻辑主语便组成了动名词复合结构,。其逻辑主语普通由,物主代词,、,名词全部格,来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词全部格可分别由人称代词宾格和名词普通格代替。,Do you mind,my/me,opening the door?,你介意我打开门吗？,I cant imagine,Marys/Mary,marrying such a young man.,我想不到玛丽会嫁给这么一个年轻人。,37/68,三、动名词复合结构,动名词,前面带上自己逻辑主语便组成了动名词复合结构,。其逻辑主语普通由,物主代词,、,名词全部格,来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词全部格可分别由人称代词宾格和名词普通格代替。,名师指津,当动名词复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只能用全部格或物主代词表示。,His/Toms being late,made the teacher angry.(),Him/Tom being late,made the teacher angry.(),38/68,分词,39/68,一、现在分词,现在分词时态和语态,现在分词时态及语态和动名词时态及语态组成相同。,(1),现在分词主动语态,：现在分词主动语态普通式表示与谓语动词所表示动作同时发生，完成式表示动作在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生。,They went to the park,，,singing and talking,.,他们边唱边说向公园走去。,Having done,his homework,，,he played basketball.,做完作业，他开始打篮球。,1,现在分词既含有动词一些特征，又含有,形容词,和,副词,句法功效。,40/68,一、现在分词,现在分词时态和语态,(2),现在分词被动语态,：普通式表示与谓语动词同时发生被动动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前被动动作。,The problem,being discussed,is very important.,正在讨论问题很主要。,Having been told,many times,，,the naughty boy made the same mistake.,尽管被告诉了好几遍，这个调皮孩子还是犯了同一个错误。,1,现在分词既含有动词一些特征，又含有,形容词,和,副词,句法功效。,41/68,一、现在分词,现在分词句法功效,(1),作定语,现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰名词前；假如是分词短语作定语放在名词后。现在分词短语作定语相当于一个主动语态定语从句。,In the,following,years he worked even harder.,在以后几年中，他学习更努力了。,The man,speaking to the teacher,is our monitors father.,The man,who is speaking to the teacher,is our monitors father.,正与老师谈话那个人是我们班长父亲。,2,42/68,一、现在分词,现在分词句法功效,(2),作,表,语,The film being shown in the cinema is,exciting,.,正在这家电影院上演电影很棒。,The present situation is,inspiring,.,当前形势鼓舞人心。,2,名师指津,be,doing,既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们区分在于,be,doing,表示,进行动作,是进行时，而表示,特征,时是系动词,be,与现在分词组成系表结构。,43/68,一、现在分词,现在分词句法功效,(3),作宾语补足语,现在分词作宾语补足语强调动作正在进行，以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：,see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,，,find,，,notice,，,observe,，,listen to,，,look at,，,catch,，,leave,，,get,，,have,，,keep,等。,Can you,hear her singing,the song in the next room?,你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？,He had the light,burning,all night,，,which made his parents very angry.,他让灯整晚亮着，这使他父母很生气。,He,kept the car waiting,at the gate.,他让小汽车在门口等着。,2,44/68,一、现在分词,现在分词句法功效,(4),作,状语,作时间状语,(,While,),Working,in the factory,，,he was an advanced worker.,在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工作者。,作原因状语,Being a League member,，,he is always helping others.,因为是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。,作伴随状语,He stayed at home,，,cleaning and washing,.,他呆在家里，又擦又洗。,2,45/68,一、现在分词,现在分词句法功效,(4),作,状语,作条件状语,Playing,all day,，,you will waste your valuable time.,要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵时间。,作结果状语，表示顺其自然结果,He dropped the glass,，,breaking,it into pieces.,他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。,作目标状语,He went,swimming,the other day.,几天前他去游泳了。,作让步状语,Though raining,heavily,，,it cleared up very soon.,即使雨下得很大，但很快天就晴了。,2,46/68,二、过去分词,作定语,Our class went on an,organized,trip last Monday.,上周一我们班开展了一次有组织旅行。,Those,selected as committee members,will attend the meeting.,Those,who are selected as committee members,will attend the meeting.,当选为委员人将出席这次会议。,1,规则动词,过去分词形式与过去式组成相同；,不规则动词,过去分词没有统一规则，务必切记在心。,名师指津,当过去分词是,单词,时，普通用于名词前；假如是过去分词,短语,，则放在名词后面。过去分词短语作定语相当于一个被动语态定语从句。,47/68,二、过去分词,作表语,They were,frightened,at the sad sight.,他们对眼前悲惨景象感到很害怕。,2,名师指津,(1)be,过去分词，假如表示状态是系表结构，假如表示被动动作是被动语态。,The window,is broken,.,窗户破了。,(,系表结构,),The window,was broken by the boy,.(,被动语态,),窗户是被那个男孩打破。,(2),有些过去分词是不及物动词组成，不表示被动，只表示完成。,boiled water(,开水,),fallen leaves(,落叶,),newly arrived goods(,新到货,),the risen sun(,升起太阳,),the changed world(,变了世界,),48/68,二、过去分词,作状语,(1),表示原因,Praised,by the neighbours,，,he became the pride of his parents.,受到邻居们表彰，他成为父母骄傲。,(2),表示时间,Once,seen,，,it can never be forgotten.,一旦被看见，人们就忘不了它。,(3),表示条件,Given,more time,，,Ill be able to do it better.,假如给予更多时间，我就能做得更加好。,3,49/68,二、过去分词,作状语,(4),表示让步,Though,told,of the danger,，,he still risked his life to save the boy.,即使被告之有危险，他依然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。,(5),表示伴随,Filled,with hopes and fears,，,he entered the cave.,心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。,3,50/68,二、过去分词,作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语表示,被动和完成,，或无时间性。以下动词后可跟过去分词作宾语补足语：,感官动词,see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,，,find,，,notice,，,observe,，,listen to,，,look at,和使役动词,have,，,make,，,get,等,。,I,heard the song sung,several times last week.,上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。,He,had his luggage checked,an hour before his plane left.,他在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。,He spoke aloud enough to,make himself heard,.,他大声讲话，以使得他人能听见他。,4,51/68,非谓语动词几个主要结构,52/68,with,复合结构惯用形式：,一、,with,复合结构,John received an invitation to dinner,，,and,with his work finished,，,he gladly accepted it.,约翰收到一份宴请函而且他工作也干完了，他就欣然接收了邀请。,With a lot of difficult problems to settle,，,the newly elected president is having a hard time.,因为有很多难题要处理，这位新任总统日子不好过。,With the little boy leading the way,，,we had no difficulty finding the village.,有小男孩带路，我们毫不费劲地找到了这个村庄。,sb./sth.doing,表示主动且进行，或表示特征,with,sth.done,表示被动且完成，或表示状态,sth.to do,表示未来,53/68,独立主格结构组成形式：,二、独立主格结构,独立主格结构从语法上来讲,不是句子,，在句中通常,作状语,。含有以下特点：,(1),独立主格结构逻辑主语与句子主语不一样，不指同一个人或同一事物；,(2),独立主格结构普通置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。,不定式,表示动作未发生,with,v.ing,形式,表示主动、进行,过去分词,表示被动、完成,54/68,独立主格结构组成形式：,二、独立主格结构,Such an able man to help you,，,you will surely succeed sooner or later.,有这么能干人来帮你，你迟早会成功。,The guide leading the way,，,we had no trouble getting out of the forest.,向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。,Jim was listening attentively to the lecture,，,all his attention fixed upon it,.,吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，全部注意力都集中在上它面了。,不定式,表示动作未发生,with,v.ing,形式,表示主动、进行,过去分词,表示被动、完成,55/68,.,单句语法填空,1,Fat and salt are required _(process)the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(,全国卷,),2,Fast food is full of fat and salt;by _(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(,全国卷,),3,It was a great honour _(invite)backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.(,全国卷,),4,I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(,全国卷,),5,My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(,全国卷,),to process,eating,to be invited,permitted,introducing,56/68,.,单句语法填空,6,_(absorb)in deep thought,，,he didnt hear the sound.,7,Local people _(invite)to attend a meeting were very pleased to share their experience.,8,It _(be)Sunday,，,we neednt go to school.,9,With our food _(run)out,，,we had to walk to a village for help.,10,His first book _(publish)next month is based on a true story.,Absorbed,invited,being,running,to be published,57/68,.,单句语法填空,11,I had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.,12,My chief purpose is _(point)out the difficulties of the matter.,13,Though _(surprise)to see us,，,the professor gave us a warm welcome.,14,I stopped the car _(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.,15,I stayed up late every night,，,_(make)preparations for the coming exams.,finding,to point,surprised,to take,making,58/68,.,单句语法填空,16,Dont leave the water _(run)when you leave.,17,In society,，,I really dont know who _(compete)fairly with.,18,He got wellprepared for the job interview,，,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.,19,George returned after the war,，,only _(tell)that his wife had left him.,20,Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,，,including your own.,running,to compete,losing,to be told,to change,59/68,.,单句语法填空,21,_(set)your watch five minutes ahead is an effective way to avoid being late.,22,_(injure)in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual.,23,He looked around and caught a man _(put)his hand into the pocket of a passenger.,24,When she got home,，,there was a pile of mail _(wait)for her.,Setting,Being injured,putting,waiting,60/68,.,单句改错,1,When summer comes,they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables,！,(,全国卷,),2,I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(,全国卷,),3,After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(,全国卷,),4,It was both excited and frightening to be up there,！,(,浙江卷,),5,W
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