《英语构词法》.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语构词法主要有,三,种：,转化,、,合成,与,派生,。,英语构词法种类,另外还有,截短,、,缩合,等。,Guess,Have you,booked,your ticket？Who,chaired,the meeting？It can,seat,a thousand people.We have,mapped,out plans for their travel.,It,pictures,the life of overseas Chinese students.He hurriedly,penciled,the time on it.,They,flowered,well but bore little fruit.,The pill is,coated,with sugar.,They,breakfasted（lunched）,at the guesthouse.,The money was all,pocketed,by the officials.,I,wolfed,down three bowls of rice.,He is busy oiling the bicycle.,1.,转化,:,是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,water,n.,水-water,vt.,浇水,常见的转化形式两种：,动词-名词,名词-动词,stop,vt.,停止-,n.,_,stand,vt.,站 -,n.,_,house,vt.,_-,n.,房子,date,vt.,_-,n.,日期,comb,vt.,_-,n.,梳子,soldier,vt.,_-,n.,士兵,hand,n.,手 -,vt.,_,seat,n.,座位-,vt.,_,nurse,n.,护士-,vt.,_,nose,n.,鼻子-,vt.,_,time,n.,时间-,vt.,_,shoulder,n.,肩膀-,vt.,_,2.,合成,:,有两个或更多的词合成一个词。,class 班级+room 房间=,classroom,教室,warm+heart+ed=,warmhearted,热心肠的,good+looking=,good-looking,相貌好看的,hard+working,peace-loving,bloodthirsty,state-owned，well-known,Try:,3.,派生,:,是通过在词根上加,前缀,或者,后缀,构成一个新词。,happy-,un,happy,develop-develo,pment,前缀一般只引起,意思,上的变化而不造成,词类,的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis,-错误的+understand,v.,理解,-,mis,understand,v.,误解,en+large,adj.,大的-enlarge,v.,扩大,后缀一般只引起,词性,上的变化而不造成,意思,的变化。,care v.照料,-care,ful,adj.细心的,work v.工作,-work,er,n.工人,常见的,前缀,(A)表示,否定,的前缀：,un,-unfair,unhappy,non,-nonsmoker,nonsense,nonstop,(常用在n.adj.adv.前),in,-inactive,inhuman,indirect,inability,(常用在adj.后),dis,-disagree,disappear,im,-impolite,impossible,(用在b,p,m 开头的词前),il,-illegal,ir,-irreal,irregular,(B).表示程度、大小的前缀,super,-,superstar,supermarket,superman,superpower,over,-,overhead,overeat,overuse,mini,-,minibus,miniskirt,mini-car,under,-,underground,under-develop,(C).表示,时间,的前缀,pre,-,prewar,pretest,preschool,post,-,postwar,post-reading,fore,-(前，预先),foretell,foreman,forecast,foresee,(D).表示,方位,的前缀：,up-表示“向上，向上面，在上”,upward,uphold,uphill,sub-,表示“在下面，下,次,附属”,subway,submarine,subtitle,inter-,intel-,表示“在间，相互”,international,interaction,internet,medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中，中间”,Mediterranean,midposition,out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”,outline,outside,outward,over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”,overlook,overhead,overboard,trans-,表示“移上，转上，在那一边”,translate,transform,transoceanic,、,E),表示相反，相互对立意思,anti-,ant-,antiknock,antiforeign,(排外的),contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流),counter-,counterreaction,counterbalance,ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy,with-,withdraw,withstand,常见的,后缀,1.动词变名词：,-ation,satisfaction,education,realization,-ment,development,movement,disappointment,-ee,trainee,employee,-er,teacher,worker,-or,visitor,sailor,2.形容词变名词,-,ness,happiness,meanness,carelessness,-,ity,ability,possibility,-,ism,Marxism,criticism,2.名词、形容词变动词：,-,ify,beautify,simplify,-,ize,realize,-,en,quicken,widen,sharpen,4.,截短,:,是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。,tele,phone -phone,in,flu,enza,-flu.流行性感冒,5.,缩合,:,是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。,T,est,o,f,E,nglish as a,f,oreign,l,anguage,TOEFL 托福,I,nternational,E,nglish,l,anguage,t,est,s,ystem -IELTS 雅思,