高考英语复习课件非谓语动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,学好非谓语动词对于理解阅读材料中结构比较复杂的长句，对于写作得高分非常有用。,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,分类,动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。,不定式,1.,作主语,侧重于动作的具体性和将来性,To play basketball,is a great pleasure.,但为使句子平衡,常用,it,代它作主语,把它移到句子后部去,.,It,is a great pleasure,to play basketball.,(二)、不定式的句法功能,主语宾语 表语 定语,状语,2.,作宾语,A.,跟不定式作宾语的常见动词,:,（）,hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try,、,dare,help,promise,、,refuse,、,learn,、,offer,、,agree,、,forget ,bother.,B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:,tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explain,tell sb what to do,4.,不定式作定语,A.一般表示将发生的情况，放在名词后。,Charles Lindbergh is,the first man,to fly the Atlantic alone,.(主谓关系),She has,a good chance,to go to college.(同位关系),He has got,lots of questions,to ask.(动宾关系),注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要的介词。,There is,nothing,to worry,about,.,2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时,它后面要带上必要的介词。,I need,a pen,to write,with,.,He is looking for,a room,to live,in.,5.,不定式作宾语补足语,跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词,A.let,have,make,get,等表使役的动词,They,made,us,go,with them.,注意,:,Let/have/make,sb,.,do,;,get,sb,.,to,do,They,got,us,to go,with them.,B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令的动词,The chairman,requested,the members,to be silent,.,C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止的动词,The guard,forbade,me,to enter,.,D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望的动词(hope无此用法),Many parents,expect,their children,to study,abroad.,E.,see,、,watch,、,notice,、,hear,、,listen to,、,observe,、,feel,等表感官的动词,I noticed tears come into his eyes.,We often hear her sing the song at home.,注,:,感官动词后的不定式均不带,to,F.其他动词,advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind,Please,remind,me,to take,the raincoat.,6.,不定式作状语,1,)不定式作目的状语,Tim sat near the fire,to get warm,.,The athletes practised hard,to win the match,.,强调,作目的状语的不定式,常用,in order(not)to，so as(not)to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。,2).,不定式作结果状语,作结果状语的不定式,常用于一些固定搭配中。如,:too to,enough to,，,sufficient to,，,only to,，,never to,，,so+,形容词,/,副词,+as to,such+,名词,+as to do,引导。,Would you be so kind as to step this way,please?,I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.,Practice,1(09江苏,26）Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,_ reduce unemployment pressures.,A.help B.helped,C.to help D.having helped,C,高考点击,2(09全国)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.,A.looked atB.to look at,C.to looking atD.look at,B,3(09山东，22)We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.,A.to be held B.held,C.being held D.holding,A,4(09辽宁，27)_,you need to give all you have and try your best.,A.Being a winner B.To be a winner,C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner,5.(09安徽，28)The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,A.produced B.being produced,C.tobeproduced D.havingbeen produced,B,C,(一).,动名词,的语法形式,动名词,无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化.,二、动名词,(二)、动名词的句法功能,具有名词的特征,可充当成分:,主语宾语 表语 定语,1.,动名词作主语,Seeing,is believing.,Playing chess,is fun.,Its no use,waiting here.,动名词作主语,也可用,it,作形式主语,.,但只限于下面句型,:,1）动名词在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。例如：,It is,no good,writing,to him;he never answers letters.,It is,no use,talking,too much.,2,）动名词在“,It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile,等形容词,+doing”,结构中作主语。例如：,It is,nice,playing,chess after supper.,3）动名词在“There is(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。例如：,There is no,denying,that she is very efficient.,2.,动名词作表语,动名词作表语起名词作用,表示主语的内容,这时动名词和主语的位置是可以交换的。,The nurses job,is,looking after the patients,.=,Looking after the patients,is,the nurses job.,Four skills of English learning,are,listening,speaking,reading and writing,.,=,listening,speaking,reading and writing,are,four skills of English learning.,注:动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语,没有太大区别。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示具体某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式。,3.,动名词作定语,动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,.,。表示名词用途。,a racing car=a car that is used to race,a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim in,单个的动名词作,定语,放在被,修饰的词前,;,动名词短语作,定语,放在被,修饰的词语后,;,Do you know the sleeping car on show?,The boy sitting under the tree is reading.,4.,动名词作宾语,1,）动名词作,动词,宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词：,suggest,finish,avoid,stop,cant help,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit,。,I cant,imagine,marrying,a girl of that sort.,I,recommend,buying,the dictionary.,Will you,admit,having broken,the window?,有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：,leave off,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like,have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond of,stick to,be worth,cant stand,cant help.,2,）动名词作,介词,宾语,注意,:,介词后如果需要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词,不可用不定式。,Are you good,at,playing,football?,其他介词不易错,重点是介词,to.,因为不定式符号也是,to ,所以一定要记住有关的短语。,look forward to,devoteto,get used to,pay attention to,stick to,on ones way to,这些短语中的,to,都是介词。,I am used,to,watching TV,in the evening.,1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.,A.find B.to find,C.on finding D.in finding,2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.,A.To have had B.Having had,C.Have D.Having,高考点击,Practice,3.I really cant understand _ her like that.,you treat B.you to treat,C.why treat D.you treating,4.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.,to lose B.losing,C.to be lost D.being lost,返回,三、分词,现在分词与过去分词,.,充当成分,:,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语,.,（一）现在分词,(1).,现在分词,现在分词,无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,.,其时态和语态的变化形式与动名词相同,.,(2)、,现在分词,的句法功能,具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语 定语,宾语补足语,状语,1.,现在分词作表语,现在,分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为”使,(,令,),怎样。”如,:,The news,is,very,disappointing,.,His story,is,very,moving,.,(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting.),2.,现在分词作定语,现在分词作定语,表示主动意义,它与所修饰的名词构成 主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。,A.,表示动作正在进行,Dont wake up,the,sleeping,boy,.,=Dont wake up,the boy,who is sleeping,I don t know,the man,writing something,over there.,=I don t know,the man,who is writing something,over there.,3.,现在分词作宾语补足语,用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的执行者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；,A.,作感官动词的,宾补,如,:see,look at,watch,notice,find,observe,listen to,hear,smell taste,feel,表示正在进行的意义,We,found,them,reading,in the classroom.,4.,现在分词作状语,现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随,或方式,等状语。,B.作使役动词的,宾补,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch表示”使进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态的持续性.,Can you,keep,the clock,going,?,1),作时间状语,可以表示三个时间概念,A.,表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“,as soon as”,引导的时间状语从句,Hearing the good news,he jumped up with joy.,=As soon as he heard the good news,he,=On hearing the good news,he,B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while 引导的时间状语从句。,Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.,=,When,/While,I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend.,=,When/While,walking in the street,I came across,C.,如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如,:,Having done,his homework,the boy went out to play.,Having written,his composition,he began to do his Maths homework.,2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as 引导的原因状语从句。,A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生,Being ill,he didnt go to school.,=,Because,/,As he was ill,he didnt go,Not knowing,what to do next,he went to his teacher for advice.,=,Because,/,As he didnt know,what to do next,he went to,B.,如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。,Having seen,the film many times,he didnt go to see it last night.,3)作条件状语,相当于由 if 引导的条件状语从句,(If)Using,your head,you will find a way.,=,If you use,your head,you will find,4),作让步状语,相当于由,although/though,引导的让步状语从句,Although/Though,getting up,early,he was late for the meeting.,=,Although/Though he got up,early,he was late for the meeting.,5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。,They,sat,there on the stone,talking,with each other.,=They,sat,there on the stone,and talked,with each other.,注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后。,6),作结果状语,现在分词的动作,同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。,The mother died,leaving,five children behind.,They fired at the enemy,killing,two.,现在分词无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的 主语可能是分词动作的执行者,句子的 主语也可能是分词动作的承受者。,但在一些表示说话者态度的固定表达方式中,分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是不一致的。这种结构常见的有:,1)generally/strickly/+speaking,2)Judging from/talking of/allowing for.,3)Considering that/seeing that,/supposing that,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。,时间性,。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式,having done,。,语态性,。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。,人称一致性,。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的,主语。,1._ the program,they have to stay there for another two weeks.,A.Not completing B.Not completed,C.Not completing D.Not having completed（原因状语）,高考点击,Practice,2The manager,_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us,left the meeting room.（时间或伴随状语）,Awho has made Bhaving made,Cmade Dmaking,3The storm left,_a lot of damage to this area.（结果状语）,Acaused Bto have caused,Cto cause Dhaving caused,4_from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.（原因状语）,ABeing separated,BHaving separated,CHaving been separated,DTo be separated,（二）过去分词,(1).,过去分词,的语法形式,过去分词,无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。,(done),(2)、过去分词的句法功能,具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:,表语 定语,宾语补足语,状语,1.,过去分词,作表语,过去分词,作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语的状态。如，,He is,gone,.,The glass is,broken,.,He was,lost,in thought.,They were deeply,moved.,注意,:,被动结构与系表结构的区别,这两种结构形式都是,be+,过去分词。,这两种结构的主要区别是,:,被动语态强调所发生的动作,而系表结构表示的是主语的特点或状态。,The cup was broken by my little brother.,(,被动结构,),The cup is broken.(,系表结构,),2.,过去分词,作定语,过去分词,作定语,它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词,有以下三个特点,:,A.,及物动词的,过去分词作定语和它的逻辑主语的关系是被动的。所表示的时间概念是完成。,The building,built last year,can hold 1,000 people=The building,that was built last year,can,B.,不及物动词的,过去分词作定语只表示动作的完成。,与它所修饰的名词没有,被动,关系。,fallen,leaves=leaves,that have fallen,a,retired,worker=a worker,who has retired,the,risen,sun=the sun,that has risen,C.,有些表示心理活动的过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面的名词,但实质是说明当事者的心理,状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰的名词没有,被动,关系,。,The,surprised,look,showed that he hadnt expected this.,=(He was surprised and his look showed his surprise),The fathers loud voice made a,frightened look,appear on his daughters face.,(The fathers daughter was frightened and her face showed her fright.),3.过去分词作宾补,过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语的关系是被动关系,说明宾语的状态,表示动作的完成。常用来,作感官动词,如,:see,look at,watch,notice,find,observe,listen to,hear,smell taste,feel,和使役动词,如,:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch,的,宾补,When I walked home,I,saw,a man,caught,by the police.,As soon as he returned home,he,found,his house,broken into,.,He,kept,himself,covered,with a blanket.,4.,过去分词作状语,过去分词,可在句中,作时间、条件、原因,、让步,方式或伴随情况等状语。,过去分词,无论作何种状语,它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,而且存在着逻辑上的被动关系,.,1),做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首。,Seen,from the top of the hill,the town,looks even more beautiful.,=,If,the town is seen from the top of the hill,the town,=,When,the town is seen from the top of the hill,the town,2),作,原因状语,Deeply,moved,by the story,the children began to cry.,=,As/Because,they were deeply moved by the story,the children.,3),作,让步状语,Seriously,wounded,he still kept on fighting.,=,Although/Though,he was seriously wounded,he still kept.,4),作,方式或伴随情况,状语,She walked out of the house,followed,by her little daughter.,=She walked out of the house,and,was followed by her little daughter.,He sat there,lost,in thought.,=He sat there,and,was lost in thought.,_ more attention,the tree could have grown better.,（条件状语）,A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given.,2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century,（定语）,A.having written B.to be written,C.being written D.written,Practice 高考点击,3._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.（原因）,A.Losing B.Having lost,C.Lost D.To lose,4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be,done to change it.（条件）,begins B.having begun,C.beginning D.begun,一、分析句子结构,解题步骤,1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be toldC.He was told D.Though he was told,分析：,用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子，故选C。,2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.To be toldC.He was told D.Though he was told,分析：,句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选A，用非谓语动词作状语。,二、分析逻辑主语,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。,1._no buses,we have to walk home.,2._Sunday,I shall have a quiet day at home.,A.There being B.It were C.There were D.It being,分析：句1.表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“the buses”，故选A。句2.同理选D。,三、分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See,这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语,因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,分析：句1.“地球被看”，表被动，故选A，用过去分词表被动。句2.我们“主动看”即表主动，故选B。,四、分析时态，,在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态。,1.The building _now will be a gym.2.The building _next year will be a gym.3.The building _last year is a gym.A.having been built B.to be builtC.being built D.built,分析：句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选A，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，选D。,Thank you!,GOODBYE,