高考英语虚拟语气.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语气的定义和种类,l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。,2、语气的种类：,(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：,We are not ready.,What a fine day it is!,(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Open the door,please。,(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:,If I were you,I should study English.,May you succeed!,3.虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式,从 句,主 句,与现在事实相反,动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）,would/should/could/might+动词原形,与过去事实相反,had+过去分词,would/should/could/might+have+过去分词,与将来事实相反,动词过去式，should+动词原形，were to+动词原形,would/should/could/might+动词原形,错综时间的虚拟语气,4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如:If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在),If的省略,(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如:Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you(If I were you),I would not do it.我要是你，就不做这事。,(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如:Without air(If there were not air),there would be no living things.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help(If it hadnt been for your help)I couldnt have done it.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。,假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadnt been busy that day,I would have gone there with them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)；I would have finished the work,but I have been ill.(If I hadnt been ill,I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成),6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。,(1)省去条件从句。如:You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。),(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。),虚拟语气在宾语从句中,1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。,1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:,从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如:I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；,2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:,从句动词常用had十过去分词。如:I wish(wished)I hadnt spent so much money.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；,3)表示对将来的主观愿望:,谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。如:I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon.但愿你立刻来。,(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如:I demand that he(should)answer me immediately.我要求他立刻答复我。,3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法,(1)在带有even if/even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Even if he had been ill,he would have gone t his office.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。,(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌,生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。,注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。,(3)在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“could或might（有时也用should）+动词原形”。如:Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could(might)hear clearly.格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚,4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在It is time(that)句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如:Its(high)time we did our homework.我们该做作业了。,5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法,(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别太晚睡觉。,(2)在一些习惯表达中。如:I would rather not tell you.我宁愿不告诉你。,(3)用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。,BADAB,1.If I _ where he lived,I _ a note to him.,A.knew,would B.had known,would have sent,C.know,would sendD.knew,would have sent,2.If they _ earlier than expected,they _ here now.,A.had started,would be B.started,might be,C.had started,would have been D.will start,might have been,3.I didnt know his telephone number._ it,I _ then.,A.Had I known,would ring him up,B.Should I know,would have rung him up,C.If I knew;would ring him up,D.Had I known;would have rung him up,4.Mary is ill today.If she _,she _ absent from school.,A.were not ill;wouldn t beB.had been ill;wouldnt have been,C.had been ill;should have beenD.hadnt been ill;could be,CDABC,6.I _ him the answer _ possible,but I was so busy then.,A.could tell;if it had been B.must have told;were it,C.should have told;had it beenD.should have told;should it be,7.Without your help,we_ so much.,A.won t achieve B.didn t achieve C.dont achieve D.wouldnt have achieved,8.You didnt take his advice._ his advice,you _ such a mistake.,A.Had you taken;wouldnt have madeB.If you had taken;would make,C.Were you lo take;shouldn t have madeD.Have you taken;won t have made,9.We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.,A.did B.could have done C.have doneD.should do,10.She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.,A.went B.would go C.had gone D.were going,CCDDB,11.Tom is very short now.His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.,A.could B.should C.would D.were able to,12.My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.,A.could B.must C.should D.might,13.He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.,A.is givenB.must giveC.should give D.be given,14.Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ Mr.Li to the party?,A.will invite B.have invited C.is invited D.invite,15.I insisted that he _ at once.,A.be gone B.go C.would go D.might go,1620 ADAAC,16.Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.,A.hadn t stolen B.shouldn t steal C.doesn t steal D.steal,17.It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry.,A.had made B.would make C.makesD.make,18.He acted as if he _ everything in the world.,A.knew B.knows C.has known D.wont know,19.Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.,A.may hearB.will hearC.hear D.have heard,20.They got up early in order that they _ they first train.,A.caught B.will catch C.might catch D.shall catch,2125 DCDAD,21.I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.,A.are B.shall be C.were D.should be,22.That is a good book.You _ it yesterday.,A.could buy B.should buy C.should have bought D.bought,23.It is high time we _ home.,A.will go B.would go C.have goneD.went,24.I d rather that you _ home.,A.wentB.have goneC.will go D.had gone,25.If only I _ to the lecture!,A.listenB.will listen C.am listening D.had listened,