2022年高中英语语法句子成分.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,词类,作 用,例 词,1.,（,n.,）名 词,表示人或事物的名称。,I bought,a book,.,She is,a student,.,2.(pron.,）代词,代替名词、数词等。,This,is,my,friend.,He,likes,that,book because,it,is very useful to,him,.,Parts of Speach,3.,（,adj.,）,形容词,表示人或事物的特征或性状。,He is,small,but he is,clever,.,The,red,pen is,useful,for the teacher.,He painted the wall,white,yesterday.,4.(num.,）数词,表示数目或顺序。,There are,ten,apples on the table and I will take,the first,one.,5.,（,v.,）动 词,表示动作或状态。,We,are,working,hard at English.,I,want,to become,an engineer.,6.,（,adv.,）副 词,表示动作的特征或性状特征。,I like English,very much,.,The teacher treats us,kindly,.,The train goes,fast,.,He,seldom,comes to see us.,7.(prep.,）介 词,表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。,He usually stay,at,home,on,Sundays.,8.,（,conj.,）连词,连接词与词或句与句的作用。,He,and,I are in the same class,and,we are good friends.,Two,or,three of us can dance well,but,I can,t.,9.,(interj.,）感叹词,表示强烈的感情,Oh,!,How,beautiful the scene is!,What,a good idea!,Goodness,!,10.,（,art.,）冠词,用来限制名词的意义,I have,a,pet dog.,The,dog is very lovely.,He is,an,old man but very strong.,一、主语,主语（,subject,）：,句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于,_,。,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing,football after school,is great fun.,句首,1.We,love,China.,2.We,have finished,reading this book.,3.He,can speak,English.,4.She,seems,tired.,二、谓语,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,_,充当,.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词,.,动词,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,.,They,can speak,English well.,They,are playing,over there.,1,）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词,He,is,a teacher.,2,）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3,）表像系动词，用来表示,看起来像,这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,He seems(to be)very sad.,4,）感官系动词，主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,This flower smells very sweet.,5,）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,He became mad after that.,6,）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。,三、宾语,宾语,：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在,_,或,_,后面,.,1.We study,English.,2.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,3.He is looking at,the dog,.,双宾语,：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。,He gave,me,two books,.,及物动词,介词,表语,：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态,.,The trees turn,green.,The flower is,beautiful.,四、表语,定语：用来修饰,_.,This is a,red,car.,The building is,their teaching,building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr.Li.,Every,student has an,English,book.,五、定语,名词,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,John,often,came,to chat with me,(),As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,(),She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework.,(),My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,(),Though he is young,he knows a lot.(),He came,running.,(),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,Everyone calls him,Jack.,（宾补）,He is called,Jack.,（主补）,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位语,时态,主动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成时,will do,would do,do/does,did,is/am/are doing,was/were doing,has/have done,had done,has/have been doing,had been doing,will have done,时态,被,动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成时,will be done,would be done,is/am/are done,was/were done,is/am/are being done,was/were being done,has/have been done,had been done,will have been done,一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.,The sun,rises in the east.,（）,2.,He,likes dancing.,（）,3.,Two,will be enough.(),4.,Seeing,is believing.,（）,6.,To see,is to believe.,（）,7.,When to hold the meeting,has not been decided yet.(),8.,What he needs,is a book.,（）,9.,It,is very clear,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式主语，,that,从句是真正的主语,当,不定式、动名词或从句,在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用,it,作形式主语,置于,句首,，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时,it,只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用,it,作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗,?,你懂得翻译下列句子吗？,1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.(),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.She lived,a happy life,.(),2.I love,you,.(),3.We need,two,.(),4.Do you mind,my opening the door,?(),5.He began,to learn English a year ago,.(),6.He did not know,what to say,.(),7.Did you write down,what she said,?(),8.She felt,it,her duty,to take good care of them,.,(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,a teacher,.(),My idea is,this,.(),She was,the first,to arrive.(),I feel much,better,today./I must be,off,now.(),He is,out of danger,.(),The news was,exciting./,They were,excited,at the news.(),What surprised me most was,that he spoke Chinese so well,.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词,/,副词,介词短语,分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,Its a,red,car.(),They live in the room,above,.(),My,brother is a teacher.(),We belong to,the third,world.(),Lucys,father is a poor worker.(),Mother made a,birthday,cake for me.(),The man,under the tree,is my teacher.(),The,swimming,boy is,my brother./The boy,swimming in the river,is my brother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,I liked the food,cooked by my mother,./,Retired,people have a good time at home.(),There are two things,to be discussed,today.,（）,Will you tell us about your,teaching,plan?,（）,This is the very book,that I need.,（）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,often,late for class.(),We saw that picture,at the cinema,.(),He sat there,smoking,.(),They returned,tired and hungry,.,（）,They did everything they could,to save the boys life.,（）,Although he is young,he knows a lot.(),The box is so heavy,that I cant lift it.,(),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,四、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.,（）,He was angry,because we were late,(,）,If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.(),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,五、宾语补足语：,I consider Jim,a good friend,.(),I always find her,happy,.(),People praised him,as a hero,.(),I had the TV,fixed,.(),I saw him,entering,the building.(),What made you,think,so?(),Do you want me,to go,?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉,to,的不定式,不定式,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),简单句的,五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：,（主谓）,基本句型二：（主系表）基本句型三：,（主谓宾）,基本句型四：,（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：,（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一 主谓（,S+V,）,S+V,She cooks.,He is working.,What he said does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型一 主谓,S,V,She,cooks,He,is working,What he said,does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型二 主系表,S+V+P,He is happy.,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,基本句型二 主系表,S,V,P,He,is,happy.,Everything,looks,nice.,His face,turned,red.,基本句型三 主谓宾,S+V+O,We study English everyday.,They are playing football.,He enjoys reading.,She said“Good morning.”,基本句型三 主谓宾,S,V,O,We,They,He,She,study,are playing,enjoys,said,English everyday.,football.,reading.,“,Good morning.,”,基本句型四,SV,（及物）,O,（,多指人,）,O,（,多指物）,I give him a book.,My mother bought me a pen yesterday.,I showed him my picture.,基本句型四,S,V,（及物）,O,O,I,give,him,a book.,My mother,bought,me,a pen yesterday.,I,showed,him,my picture.,基本句型五,S+V,（及物）,+O(,宾语,)+C,（宾补）,We must keep the door open.,The news makes me happy.,We call him Jim.,He told me to wash the plates.,I saw a thief going into your room.,基本句型五,S,V,（及物）,O(,宾语,),C,（宾补）,We,must keep,the door,open.,The news,makes,me,happy.,We,call,him,Jim.,He,told,me,to wash the plates.,I,saw,a thief,going into your room.,