高一牛津上Unit2知识点整理.docx

Unit 2知识点整理
一．必知考点
Ⅰ. Words
中文 词性 单词 词组
1. 发型、发式 _______ _________________
2. 适合 _______ _________________ ____________使……适合于 ______________ 与……相称
3. 保证 _______ _________________
4. 专家 _______ _________________
5. 一屡卷发 _______ _________________.
6. 棱角 _______ _________________
7. 均衡的 _______ _________________
8. 用洗发剂洗 _______ _________________
9. 有效的 _______ _________________ ________________ 对...有效应, 对...起作用
________________ 法律 、决议、协定等)生效
___________________很不得力
10. 正常的 _______ _________________
11. 使用 _______ _________________
___________________________适用于, 应用于, 施加于, 用来表示, 与...接触
_________________申请; 请求, 接洽 ______________________致力于, 集中精力做某事
12. 把……弄湿 _______ _________________
13. 挤 _______ _________________ ___________________挤出
14. 梳子 _______ _________________
15. 损害 _______ _________________
16. 使变松 _______ _________________
17. 灰尘 _______ _________________
18. 过度使用 _______ _________________
19. 秃顶的 _______ _________________
20. 确保 _______ _________________
21. 蛋白质 _______ _________________
22. 足够的 _______ _________________ ___________________适合; 足够
23. 精神压力；紧张_______ _________________
24. 治疗方法，补救方法_______ _________________
25. （用清水）冲洗掉；漂净_______ _________________
26. 经常 _______ _________________
27. 搓（某物）_______ _________________
II. Phrases:
28. 高兴到极点，心满意足_____________________________
29. 注意，关注_________________________________
30. 夺去___________________________
31. 乳制品____________________________
32. 缺乏______________________________
33. 另外_________________
Ⅲ. Sentence pattern
What do you know about ……?
Ⅳ. Grammar
Sentence elements: subjects,verbs and objects(direct objects and indirect objects).

二． 重点词汇讲解
1．guarantee V．保证
  【常用搭配】
  guarantee that…保证……
  guarantee to do something保证做某事
  •He guaranteed that he would keep his word．他保证会信守承诺。   
  •He guaranteed to finish writing the report by  the end of the day．
他保证—定会在下班前写完这篇报道。
    •The hairdryer is guaranteed for 2 years against poor quality．
这个电吹风如果质量有问题可保修两年。
    【拓展】  n．保证；保修期；保修单
    【常用搭配】
    give a guarantee of something   保证…
    give a guarantee that  …保证……  
    be under guarantee在保修期内   
    •Wealth is no guarantee of happiness．财富决不是幸福的保证。
•The boy gave the teacher a guarantee that he would never be late for school.
男孩向老师保证以后不会再迟到了。
  • If a watch is under guarantee，any of its damage can be repaired free of charge．
如果手表在保修期内，任何损坏都可以免费修理。
2．on top of the world    高兴到极点；心满意足
  【常用搭配】
  be／feel on top of the world高兴之极
 She is on top of the world——she’s just got engaged．
她实在太高兴了——因为她刚刚订了婚。  
  【必背】   
  on top of在……上面；在……上方   
  •There is an ancient temple on top of the mountain．山顶上有一座古老的寺庙。
  【拓展】  
  at the top of one’s voice高声地
  •The little girl was screaming at the top of her voice．小女孩正在高声尖叫。
3．in addition此外；另外 
  【常用搭配】
  in addition to除了……之外(还)  
  ●In addition to the literature courses，mathematics and geography are also taught to the
students．除了文学课程以外，学生们还要学习数学和地理。
4．effective adj．有效的
  •His efforts to improve his spoken English have been very effective：
他为提高自己的英语口语水平所作的努力卓见成效。
  【注意】
  比较effective和efficient 
  effective adj．有效的
  •His teaching method was not effective．他的教学方法不奏效。   
•efficient adj．有效率的；效率高的  
  •A good lawyer needs an efficient secretary．一位好律师需要一个办事效率高的秘书。
  【拓展】
  effect n．影响；效果；作用
  •Some western films have misleading effects on the young people．
有些西方电影对年轻人有误导作用。
【常用搭配】
be in effect有效
•A cease-fire was in effect in some areas．停火命令在某些地方有效。
come into effect 生效  
•The new regulation will not come into effect until next month．新规定将从下月开始生效。   
take effect 见效；起作用  
have a…effect on…对…有……的作用／影响
Parents have a greater effect on their children than teachers．
比起老师来，父母对孩子的影响更大。
5．apply   V．应用；运用；使用
  【常用搭配】
  apply something to something    把……使用到…中
  apply oneself to     致力于   
  we should apply our knowledge and skills to practical use．
我们应该把自身的知识和技能应用于实践。
  •lf you apply yourself to your career，you’ll make great achievements•
如果你致力于自己的事业，你一定会取得很大的成就。   
  【拓展】   
  ①V．敷；涂
  •If your wound bleeds，first apply pressure to it．如果伤口流血，应首先用力按压止血。
  ②V．申请   
  【常用搭配】   
  apply to sb. for sth. 申请  
 Many freshmen have applied to their universities for scholarship．
许多大一新生已经向自己所在的大学申请了奖学金。 
③application   n.  申请；应用
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production usually makes jobs easier to do.   新的科学发现在工业生产中的应用通常使工作变得更容易。
④applicant n．申请人
•There have been three applicants for the job．目前已有三个人申请了这份工作。
More reading:  
6．be happy with 对……感到满意
  •She is happy with her present job．她对目前的工作感到满意。
  【拓展】
  be happy to do something高兴做某事   
  He will be happy to return to his hometown for work．他会很高兴地回到自己的家乡去工作。
7．keep．．．from…阻止；妨碍  
We must keep the disease from spreading across the city．我们必须阻止这种疾病在城市中蔓延。  
  【注意】
  Keep somebody from doing something，prevent somebody from doing something和stop somebody from doing something这三个词组都表示“阻止某人做某事”，但是prevent somebody from doing something和stop somebody from doing something中的介词from可以被省略，而keep somebody from doing something中的介词from不能被省略。
8.  avoid  v. 防止；避免   
    【常用搭配】
    avoid something防止(发生某事)
    avoid doing something避免(做某事)
    To avoid car accident, the driver should always stay alert. 为了防止发生交通事故，驾驶员应该始终保持警惕。
He made a decision to avoid doing anything dishonest．他下定决心不做任何不诚实的事。
9．rob…of 夺去  
    The noisy cat robbed her of a good night's sleep．那只吵闹的猫弄得她一夜没有睡好觉。
    【拓展】
    ①robber n．强盗   
    •The robber was caught red-handed．强盗被当场抓住。
    ②robbery n．抢劫(案)
●Any kind of robbery will be severely punished．任何形式的抢劫都会受到严厉的惩罚。
10．the key to…   …的关键
  •Diligence is the key to success．勤奋是成功的关键。
  【拓展】
  key    n．    
①钥匙。
  •Have you got the key to the door? 你有没有这扇门的钥匙?
  ②关键   
  The key to good health is to eat and sleep regularly．保持身体健康的关键是饮食和睡眠要有规律。
  ③答案；解释
   No one was able to work out the key to the difficult mathematic problem．
没有人能够解答这道数学难题。

课堂练习：
Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.

be happy with rob... of in addition to keep... from guarantee apply... to apply for damage effective the key to

1. Staying up late will __________your health.
2. The sales person ____that the washing machine can work properly for 15 years.
3. He ________ himself__________ the study of genes.
4. He speaks French __________English.
5. Everyone should _______________himself or herself, regardless of how he or she looks.
6. We must __________ the trouble ___________becoming worse.
7. It's wrong of you to ___ him the right of expressing his own opinions.
8. Hard work is _________ solving the problem.
9. Are you going to __________a new job?
10. His patience and kindness are ___________to keep her from crying more.
B. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.
1. 要不遗余力地确保乘客们的安全。 (ensure)

2. 事实证明，这些事可以对我们的工作造成很大的伤害。 (do damage to)

3. 凯特是个幼儿教育专家。(expert)

4. 医生们很快找出了治疗这种疾病的方法。(remedy)

5. 正确的学习态度是成功的关键。 (the key to)

6. 如今，人们比以往更注意食品安全。(pay attention to)

7. 医生们的努力有效地防止了疾病的传播。 (effective)

8. 他被剥夺了休息的权利。(rob... of)

9．很多大学生到申请工作时才意识到他们缺乏很多方面的能力。 (apply for)

10.这家保险公司保证赔付汽车上任何被偷的零部件。 (guarantee)

Keys:
A. 1. damage 2. guaranteed 3. applied... to 4. in addition to 5. be happy with 6. Keep from
7. rob,... of 8. the key to 9. apply for 10. effective
B. 1. Great efforts have to be taken to ensure the safety of passengers.
2. Facts prove, that these things can do great damage to our work.
3. Kate is an expert at teaching small children.
4. Doctors soon found a remedy for the disease.
5. The right attitude toward study is the key to success.
6. Today people pay more attention to the safety of food than ever before.
7. The doctors' efforts are effective to keep the disease from spreading.
8. He was robbed of time to have a rest.
9. Many university students don't realize that they lack ability in many fields until they
apply for jobs.
10. This insurance company guarantees-to pay for any part of the car which is stolen.

三． Grammar：Basic Sentence Structure and Tenses
1．基本句子结构{Basic Sentence Structures)
英语中的句子千变万化，各不相同，但无论怎么复杂的句子都是由下列5种基本结构演化而成的。
(1)主+谓(SV)
e．g．He left．他离开。
(2)主+系动词+表(SVP)
e.g. H e was busy．他忙。
(3)主+谓十宾(SVO)
e．g．She studies English．她学英语。
(4)主+谓+宾+补(SVOC)
e．g．He painted the room blue．他把房间刷成蓝色。
(5)主+谓+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd)
e．g．The waiter brought me a cup of tea． 服务员给我端来一杯茶。
句子成分
主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）
Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, go，become， get，turn， prove ...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.

四．Comprehensive test
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Ewer since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _______better health.
A. are enjoying B. have been enjoying
C. could have enjoyed D. had enjoyed
2. The new manager was nervous because this was the first time he _______in public.
A. was speaking B. speak C. has spoken D. had spoken
3. In his report he listed the damage ____had been done by that terrorist attack.
A. which he supposed B. he supposed that
C. he supposed D. that was supposed
4. —Well, it's a pity I didn't buy that recently published dictionary yesterday.
— ______. I have already bought one for you.
A. You needn't buy it B. You needn't have bought it
C. You didn't need to buy it D. You don't have to buy it
5. _______of us knows the reason why winter is colder than summer.
A. All B. Everyone C. Someone D. Everyone
6. During the year, the President paid his attention _______agriculture.
A. to improve B. improving C. to be improved D. to improving
7. Speak clearly _______they may understand you.
A. in order to B. so as to C. in case D. so that
8. He can't help _______the bike because he is busy doing the homework.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired
9. Her parents don't like him. _______, they do not match very much.
A. In addition B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. However
10. It was wise _____ in stock market years ago since he has made a large fortune from it.
A. for him to invest B. of him to invest
C. for him investing D. of him investing
11. Nothing can _______us realizing the four modernization.
A. prevent B. avoid C. keep D. hold
12. The overseas Chinese tried to ___ his former friends and relatives after 30 years of separation from them.
A. touch B. contact C. reach D. approach
13. The driver just let the policeman _______at his false license.
A. observe B. notice C. glance D. watch
14. Watch out! ______the children run in the street.
A. Not let B. Not to let C. Don't let D. Not letting
16. As soon as I _______my meal, I left the restaurant.
A. finish B. will finish C. finished D. have finished
17. _______an A student in high school seemed to offer little assurance that I would be able to survive college.
A. Be B. Being C. As D. As for
18. Without the great painter's masterpiece, we would never have noticed diff