Book-1-unit-3课文翻译及答案.doc

新视界大学英语综合教程
第三单元课文翻译及练习答案

Active Reading

对陌生人的同情

我正要进公用电话亭，那小个男人走上前来，问我有没有火柴。
我说：“对不起，我不抽烟，没有火柴。你还是问问别人吧。”
他看上去很失望，犹豫了一下，然后转身离开了。我看着他慢慢地沿街走了，然后拿起电话簿，查找我要拨的号码。
我对公用电话亭不是很熟悉，所以，第一次打的时候，警告音都停了，我才意识到自己还没投币。
等到我终于打通了电话，对方却告诉我，我要找的人刚刚出去。我本来是有要紧事告诉他的。
我忍不住低声骂一句，从电话亭里出来，正好和那小个男人打了个照面。他看上去可怜得就像条丧家之犬。他又一次摘了帽子，我发现他头顶光秃秃的。一条细细的伤疤横贯他的一侧脸颊，像是决斗时留下的一样。他很不自在地开了口：
“对不起，又来麻烦您，但我可不可以跟您走一小段路？我得找个人说说自己的事，我非得求人帮忙不可啦。”
他的声音低沉得很不寻常，显得他既害羞，又自信，两种气质奇特地交织在一起。我意识到他操着比较浓重的外国口音，不知道他来自哪个国家。我告诉他，我20分钟之后得赶火车，但他可以和我一起走到车站。
他沉默了片刻，突然开口说：“我这样说您可能会很吃惊，但您可以借给我五英镑吗？我一点儿钱都没有了。”
我一辈子碰到的怪人很多，想朝我借钱的人也很多。我基本上总能拒绝。但是，也许是因为他是直截了当地求我吧，不知为什么，我觉得他可能急需用钱。
我回答说：“对不起，恐怕我不能借钱给你，因为我没有随身带很多钱的习惯。你难道
不觉得向警察求助最管用吗？他们可以告诉你哪儿有旅店，哪儿有可以帮得上忙的组织。”
他犹豫了一下，轻声地说：“我不敢找警察。要是我去了，他们就会把我送回国，我怕
的就是这个。我实在没办法了。”
我问道：“你为什么到这儿来？你怎么来的？你肯定还是有点儿钱的。”
他回答道：“我本来是有的，但在宾馆房间被偷了，我不敢申诉。至于我是怎么来的，
我不能讲。我无法忍受在那种政府体制下生活，本来是我自己的国家，我却活不下去了。
我有一个朋友同意帮我逃走，我永远都感激他。”
我往往不相信这种故事，但这小个男人平静、稳重的说话方式打动了我。我都有些想给他几个英镑了，万一他讲的是实情呢，但我自己现金也不多，回家的路上也许还用得着。
我再次说道：“对不起，你为何不去找警察呢？也许他们帮得上忙。像你这样的人，当
局一般是人道对待的。”
他悲哀地摇了摇头，脱帽致意后，就离开了。我上了火车，很快也就忘掉了这件事。
三周之后，我碰巧瞄了一眼一份过期晚报，看到了头版末尾的一小段话：“昨日，泰晤士河上发现一具无名男尸，小个、秃顶、脸颊上有刀痕。警方认为此人系自杀。”我注意到了日期：正好是两周半之前发生的。
我忽然记起和那个小个男人讲话的事情。也许我就是这一可怕悲剧中的那最后一根稻草。在这之后的好几天，我都因为自己当时残酷地拒绝他而时时感到羞耻与懊悔。我发誓，如果再有人向我求助，我一定不会拒绝。
一周后的某天，我走在另一条街上，去赴一个约会。街上还有两个人，其中一个似乎有点眼熟。那个小个子，我似乎是认识的。他站在电话亭旁边，手在口袋里摸来摸去。另外那个人正要进电话亭，小个男人忽然对他开口说话，然后就着递过来的打火机点着了烟。然后，他踱开了一小段路，显然是在等人。我从路的另一边走了过来，离他越来越近的时候，发现他一侧脸颊上有一道很长的疤痕。
我当时真不应该那样自责。

Dealing with Unfamiliar Words
⑤ Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. shake 2. approach 3. complain 4.hesitate
5. continual 6.emerge 7. conscious 8.accompany
⑥ Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
1. impression 2.resembled 3.insert 4.inclined 5. appeal
6. firm 8. committing suicide 9. cruelty 10.grateful to
⑦Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.
1.sympathetic 2. tend 3. urgent 4.authorities
5. combination 6.victims 7. Somehow 8. refusal
⑧Answer the questions about the words.
1. a 2. b 3.a 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.b 8.a
Language in Use
①.Present Participles in adverbial phrases
1．Thinking about what to do next, I turned the corner.
2．Trying to find his telephone number in the directory, I dropped my pen.
3．Having breakfast in my room, I read the news about the man.
4．Thinking about whether I should lend him the money, I left the station.
5．Talking together like old friends, we arrived at the station.
6．Thanking everyone for their help, she left the room.
②．Look at the sentence from the passage and answer the question.
C
Now complete the sentences with your own ideas using the adjectives in brackets and as … as.
1．The writer was as surprised as a swimmer meeting a shark.
2．The stranger was as polite as a hotel receptionist.
3．The train station is as near as the supermarket.
4．The river in winter is as cold as the North Pole.
5．The job they gave me to do is as demanding as a detective’s.
6．The actor was as clever as the detective.
③．Now complete the sentences with a suitable preposition + whom / which.
1. with whom / to whom 2. under which 3. in which 4.with whom
5. of which 6.from which 7. to whom 8. from which
④. Now rewrite the sentences using It + be … who / that … to give emphasis to the underlined parts.
1. It was a friend of mine who told me this story.
2. It was the way in which he asked for money that impressed me.
3. It was right at the bottom of the page that I saw the article.
4. It was the description of the man that convinced me.
5. It was the sight of the blood on his face that upset me.
6. It was the next day that I realized what had happened.
⑤. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition or adverb.
1. of 2.in 3.Under 4. in 5. of 6.through 7. around 8.to
⑥ Translate the sentences into Chinese.
1. I watched him walk slowly down the street before I picked up the telephone directory to look up the number I meant to dial.
我看着他慢慢地沿街走了，然后拿起电话簿，查找我要拨的号码。
2. Swearing slightly under my breath, I emerged from the box and came face to face with the little man, who was looking as pathetic as a stray dog.
我忍不住低声骂一句，从电话亭里出来，正好和那小个男人打了个照面。他看上去可怜得就像条丧家之犬。
3. He had an unusually deep voice which suggested a strange combination of shyness and self-confidence.
他的声音低沉得很不寻常，显得他既害羞，又自信，两种气质奇特地交织在一起。
4. I cannot accept the system of government under which I have had to live and life in my own country has become unbearable to me.
我无法忍受在那种政府体制下生活，本来是我自己的国家，我却活不下去了。
5. I felt half inclined to let him have a few pounds on the chance that he was telling the truth, but I was rather short of ready cash anyhow, and might have needed what I had with me on the way home.
我都有些想给他几个英镑了，万一他讲的是实情呢，但我自己现金也不多，回家的路上也许还用得着。
⑦.Translate the sentences into English.
1 人们往往凭第一印象去判断一个人，虽然有时第一印象并不可靠。(tend to; impression)
People tend to judge a person by first impressions, though sometimes the first impression is not really reliable.
2. 他非常感谢那些在他困难时期给过他帮助和支持的人。(be grateful to)
He is very grateful to those who offered help and support when he was in trouble.
Language in Use
3. 总的来说，中国人比较含蓄，一般不怎么愿意和陌生人交谈。(reserved; be inclined to)
Generally speaking, Chinese people are more reserved; they are less inclined to talk to strangers.
4. 正是他乐于助人的品德使他赢得了人们的尊重。
(It + be … that …; earn)
It is his virtue of being ready to help others that earns him people’s respect.
Language in Use
5. 他们之间建立了良好的关系，这给双方都带来了很多好处。
(from which)
They established a good relationship, from which both of them benefited a lot.

Further Reading
诚实永远是上上之策吗？未必。
多年以前，我的朋友乔茜去参加一个宴会。她刚刚换了新发型，到场的时候显得开心而自信。但是，她的头发染成了亮红色，剪成那种样式是为了让她显得年轻——但并不成功，至少我是这样认为的。主人见到她马上说：“乔茜，新发型很漂亮啊！”她道了谢，然后看着我……等我开口。于是我回答：“嗯，我同意，你看上去年轻多了，这个颜色也很醒目！”乔茜笑了，说：“没关系，你不用撒这个善意的谎言。说实话，我觉得难看死了。”但是，我当时应该说什么才好呢？
我们的一个同事新添了小宝宝，带到办公室来给大家看。说实话，大部分小宝宝在那么大的时候，长得都跟温斯顿·丘吉尔似的。但是，我们之中有谁会说“这孩子真难看！”？谁也不会。我们都这么说：“好漂亮的宝宝啊！真可爱！她长得就像你/ 你家那位！你一定开心死了！”
有一天，我购物归来，买了很多新衣服，穿上了一条新买的牛仔裤，这条裤子在商店里看起来漂亮极了。我从镜子前面转过身来问我的男朋友：“我穿上这个显得屁股太大吗？”这可怜人能说什么呢？
有时候，出于礼貌，我们不得不说善意的谎言，因为诚实可能会给别人带来痛苦。我们一生的每个阶段都在说善意的谎言。父母对孩子说：不要做鬼脸，因为风向一变，你的脸就变不回来了。我们还会给他们讲牙仙的故事：如果他们把乳牙藏在枕头下面，牙仙就会给他们钱。或者，复活节兔子在花园的树丛下面藏了巧克力给他们。我们甚至告诉他们圣诞老人是真实存在的！
朋友之间有时也不愿意透露自己的年龄。即使透露了，有时也会减掉几岁。“二十多岁”听上去总比29岁或快30了要顺耳一些。朋友请你去看电影，可那部电影的影评很差。所以，你说你那天晚上没时间。事实上，你是待在家里看电视。亲戚送你礼物，你不得不表示感激，这简直就是鼓励你撒善意的谎言：“袜子！我正想买呢！”
研究表明，撒善意的谎言的人比只说真话的人更受欢迎。我们都知道：有的人只是恭维我们，说的并不是实话，但我们还是愿意听。他们拥有一种叫做“魅力”的东西。
但是，寻找“善意的谎言”和“有违道德的谎言”之间的平衡并非易事。父母对孩子说谎，有时是为了不让他们难过（“我想我们的猫咪去公园了，一时回不来”），有时是为了使他们改变自己的行为（“不行啊，动画频道坏掉了，看历史频道吧！”） 同事之间也是如此：如果你的老板私下告诉你裁员的事，而你的朋友问你是否听到了风声，你怎么回答呢？一个男士对女朋友说，他们的办公室派对只限于职员，但她知道不是这么回事，也不明白他为什么要撒谎，这又是什么情况呢？是因为他需要更好的机会和同事、上司聊天，还是因为他想和新来的秘书套近乎？
所以，这是善意的谎言，还是个人魅力、传统故事，还是为了修正行为、避免痛苦，抑或根本就是欺骗？区分“善意的谎言”和“有违道德的谎言”虽非易事，但这并不意味着我们不该加以区分。在区分过程中，起决定作用的是我们的个人道德。我们不仅要不断问自己：上上之策是诚实、礼貌，还是别的什么？同时，我们也要接受这样一个事实：其他人未必同意我们的观点。
Reading and Understanding.
② Check (√) the situations the writer mentions.
The writer mentions 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8.
③ Choose the best answer to the questions.
a, d, c, b, d
Dealing with Unfamiliar Words
④ Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
1. staff; rumour 2. charm; honesty 3. behavior; awful
4. confident 5. cute
⑤ Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.
1. traditional 2. painful 3. colleague 4. distress 5. morality
6. restricted 7. cheating

Guided Writing
① Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in the box. You can use the passage in Reading across cultures to help you.
1. but 2. However 3. whereas 4. in contrast to 5. In contrast 6. while
② Rewrite the sentences in Activity 1 using the words and expressions.
1. It’s easy to misunderstand words. However, it’s just as easy to misunderstand body language and gestures.
2. In Britain and the US, when you ask someone to “Come here”, you point your hand at the person, with the palm upwards, moving the first finger back and forth, but in China this is considered an offensive gesture.
3. Waving with an open hand seems to be in Britain and France a common way of greeting or attracting attention; unlike in Greece where it can be understood as a serious insult.
4. In most countries in the Middle East and East Asia, pointing with the forefinger is considered rude, whereas in Northern Europe it’s acceptable.
5. If you turn your palm towards you, it means two of something in most countries, as in “Two more beers, please”, while in Britain, this gesture is very offensive.
6. In most European and some Latin American countries, a circular movement of the finger around the ear means “He’s crazy”, in contrast to Holland, where it means “You have a call waiting!”
③ Differences in body language and gestures
Body language and gestures change from one country and from one culture to another. Americans shake people’s hands firmly every time they meet people they know, whereas the British only do it the first time. The Japanese bow and the Thais and Indians bring the flat palms of their hands together. We clap back if we receive applause, unlike Westerners who give a small bow. In the US men often cross their legs and show the bottom of their shoes. However, this appears rude to people from some other cultures. It is actually an insult in the Middle East to have your foot point at another person. In Northern Europe it’s common to wear outdoor shoes inside the home. In contrast, people in Japan or Thailand would be very shocked if you did it in their homes. However, these differences do not prevent communication, because people everywhere understand that strangers may make mistakes without meaning to upset anyone.
Extra Writing
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival
Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕观
2. 有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会
3. 在我看来……
(Dec. 2006, CET-4, Writing)
【写作提示】
本文是典型的对立型议论文，文章主题是一个较为普遍的娱乐类社会话题，要求考生对春节晚会正反两个方面的观点做出对比分析，并提出自己的观点。

文章可以分为三段：
第一段简单介绍春节晚会，说明很多人喜欢春晚；
第二段提出反面观点；
第三段，提出自己的观点，支持春晚。
The CCTV Spring Festival Gala on CCTV on New Year’s Eve has almost been an indispensable part of celebration of Chinese lunar New Year. A lot of people are accustomed to enjoy this brilliant visual feast for over two decades.
However, in recent years, more and more Chinese people argue that the Spring Festival Gala on CCTV should be cancelled. The critical voices point out that there are so many wonderful entertainment programs on TV every day on different channels and it is not necessary to waste money in putting up the Spring Festival Gala any more. What’s more, there has of the Gala over the decades, and the been little change in the item arrangement audience are tired of those programs and celebrities who come for the show year after year
As for me, I prefer the program to stay. Because it is a tradition and treasure of the Chinese people and offers the quality time for the whole family to sit in front of the TV and enjoy the show, and enjoy the happiness of union.