不规则动词规律总结.doc

必修 1 不规则动词规律总结

动词时态：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。
时间主要有四个主要部分: 即现在、过去、将来和
过去将来。
动作方面也有四种: 即一般、完成、进行和完成进行。把这些时间和动作方面结合在一起就构成16种动词时态，具体如下：
1.一般现在时（do)；
2.一般过去时(did)；
3.一般将来时( will do) ( be going to do)；
4.一般过去将来时( would do)；
5.现在进行时( be doing)；
6.过去进行时(was/were doing)；
7.将来进行时( will be doing)；
8.过去将来进行时( would be doing) ( was/were going to do)；
9.现在完成时(have done)；
10.过去完成时( had done)；
11.将来完成时( will have done)；
12.过去将来完成时(would have done)；
13.现在完成进行时( have been doing)；
14.过去完成进行时( had been doing)；
15.将来完成进行时( will have been doing)；
16.过去将来完成进行时(would have been doing)。
★动词一般现在时第三人称单数的变化规则
1. 一般在动词结尾直接加s
E.g. help --- helps climb --- climbs
talk --- talks sing --- sings
2. 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词加es；如果词尾已有e, 直接加s
E.g. guess --- guesses teach --- teaches
watch --- watches wash --- washes
go --- goes do --- does
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词, 变y为i后, 加es
E.g. study --- studies try --- tries fly --- flies

★ 规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化如下：
1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed
e.g. worked played wanted acted
2 .以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d
e.g. lived moved decided raised
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，e.g. studied tried copied cried carried　　
4 .以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed
eg. stopped begged dropped planned dripped

★ 不规则动词中的规律
1. A---A---A型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Cost 花费
cost
cost
Cut 割/切
cut
cut
Hit 打
hit
hit
Let 让
let
let
Put 放下
put
put
Hurt 伤
hurt
hurt
shut 关闭
shut
shut
set 设置/放
set
set
Read 读
read
read
2. A---A---B型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Beat 打
beat
beaten

3. A---B---A型
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Come 来
came
come
Become 变
became
become
Run 跑
ran
run

4. A ---B ---B型
1） 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
burn 燃烧
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
dream 梦想
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
learn 学习
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
mean 意思
meant
meant
spoil 破坏， 溺爱
spoilt
spoilt
hear 听见
heard
heard

（2）在动词原形后加d构成过去式和过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Hear 听到
heard
heard
Lie 撒谎
lied
lied

（3）词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
build 建筑
built
built
lend 借给
lent
lent
send 送
sent
sent
spend 花费
spent
spent
lose 失去
lost
lost

（4）改变动词原形中的元音字母：将i改为a , o, u等
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Win 得胜
won
won
Shine 发光
shone照耀/shined 擦亮
Shone 照耀
/shined 擦亮
Get 得到
got
got
Stand 站
stood
stood
Understand 明白
understood
understood
Sit 坐
sat
sat
Stick 刺入/粘贴
stuck
stuck
Strike 打/罢工
struck
struck/stricken
Hold 盛/握
held
held

（5）过去式和过去分词都以-aught或-ought结尾

动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Bring 带来
brought
brought
Buy 买
bought
bought
Fight 战斗
fought
fought
Think 想
thought
thought
Catch 抓住
caught
caught
Teach 教
taught
taught

（6）某些以-ay结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ay变成-aid

动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Pay 付
paid
paid
Lay 下蛋
laid
laid
Say 说
said
said

（7）某些以-eep结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-eep改为-ept

动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Sleep 睡
slept
slept
Keep 保持
kept
kept
Sweep 扫
swept
swept

（8）某些以-ell结尾的动词,其过去式和过去分词是把-ell改为-elt/ -old,或在原形后加-ed

动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Sell 卖
sold
sold
Tell 告诉
told
told
Smell 闻
smelt/smelled
smelt/smelled
Spell 拼写
spelt/spelled
spelt/spelled

（9）其他

动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Find 发现
found
found
Have 有
had
had
Make制造
made
made
hang
hanged绞死/ hung挂
hanged绞死/ hung挂
Feel 觉得
felt
felt
leave离开
left
left
meet遇见
met
met
shoot射击
shot
shot
Dig 挖
dug
dug

5. A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Show 展示
showed
shown
Throw 抛/扔
threw
thrown
Blow 吹
blew
blown
Grow 生长
grew
grown
Know 知道
knew
known
Draw 拉/绘画
drew
drawn
Drive 驾驶
drove
driven
Rise 升起
rose
risen
Take 拿
took
taken
Give 给
gave
given
Wake 醒
waked/ woke
waked/ waken
Write 写
wrote
written
Ride 骑
rode
ridden
Hide 藏
hid
hidden
Eat 吃
ate
eaten
Fall 落下
fell
fallen
See 看见
saw
seen
Fly 飞
flew
flown

（2）过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Break 破碎/折断
broke
broken
Steal 偷
stole
stolen
Speak 说话
spoke
spoken
Choose 选择
chose
chosen
Freeze 冻结
froze
frozen
Forget 忘记
forgot
forgotten

（3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
Begin 开始
began
begun
Ring 按铃
rang
rung
Sing 唱
sang
sung
Sink 沉
sank
sunk
Swim 游泳
swam
swum
Drink 饮
drank
drunk

（4）其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
be(am, is) 是
was/ were
been
be(are) 是
were
been
Do 做
did
done
Go 去
went
gone
Lie 躺
lay
lain
Wear 穿
wore
worn

★ 情态动词只有原形和过去式
动词原形
过去式
动词原形
过去式
can
could
will
would
may
might
shall
should