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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Chapter One,:,The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,1/64,Contents,Unit One:Brief Introduction of the UK,1,2,Unit Two:The Government,Politics and Economy,3,4,Unit Three:Education and Literature,Unit Four:Culture and Social life,2/64,Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom,I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts,II.Geographical Features,III.Climate and people,IV.The History of Great Britain,3/64,II.Different Names for Britain and its Parts,1.Official name,:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,2.The Definition of The UK.,Great Britain and England,.,England,Scotland,Wales,Northern Ireland.,Great Britain,Ireland,hundreds of small ones.,The UK,Great Britain,3.The British Isles:,4/64,(1)England is in the southern part of Great Britain.It is the largest,most populous section.,(2)Scotland is in the north of Great Britain.Capital:,Edinburgh.,(3)Wales is in the west of Great Britain.Capital:,Cardiff,(4)Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK.Capital:,Belfast.,5/64,the British Isles,Great Britain and England,the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,加夫,Cardiff,贝尔法斯特,Belfast,North Sea,North,Atlantic,Ocean,English Channel,Strait of Dover,6/64,north and west:,highlands,east and southeast:,lowlands,III.Geographical Features,7/64,Tower bridge,Origin,Kemble,Mouth,North Sea,Thames River,8/64,maritime climate,plenty of rainfall,prevailing south-west winds and west wind,North Atlantic Drift,(,北大西洋暖流,),Humidity&fog,The climate of UK,9/64,Administrative Division,Population(mid),Area Size(sq km),Population density(people per sq km),England,50,093,800,130,281,383,NorthernIreland,1,710,300,13,576,125,Scotland,5,078,400,77,925,65,Wales,2,952,500,20,732,142,United Kingdom,59,834.900,242,514,246,unequally distributed population,10/64,1.The British Isles are made up of_,A.two large islands and hundreds of small ones,B.two large islands and Northern Ireland,C.three large islands and hundreds of small ones,D.three large islands and Northern Ireland,2.There are three political divisions on the island of,Great Britain.They are_,A.Britain,，,Scotland and Wales,B.England,，,Scotland and Wales,C.Britain,，,Scotland and Ireland,D.England,，,Scotland and Ireland,A,B,Exercise:,11/64,4.About a hundred years ago,as a result of imperialist expansion,Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the worlds people and,_,of the worlds land area.,one third B.one fifth,C.one fourth D.two fifths,3.The capital city of Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland,are _,_,_.,Edinburgh,Cardiff,Belfast,C,12/64,1.Does Britain have a favorable climate,？,Why,？,Yes,it has a favorable climate,because it has a maritime type of climate-winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool,not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year.It has a small range of temperature too.,2.What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain,？,Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest,？,13/64,1.The,surrounding waters,balance the seasonal differences;,2.,The,prevailing south-west winds,bringing warm and wet air in winter and keeping the temperatures moderate;,3.,The North Atlantic Drift,passes the western coast of,the British Isles and warms them.,3.What are the three natural zones in Scotland,？,There is a water surplus in the north and west,and a water deficit in the south and east.,The three natural zones in Scotland are:the,Highlands,in the north;the Central,lowlands,and the south,Uplands,14/64,4.What is the main problem in Northern Ireland,？,Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland.Since then there has been fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics.The former are the dominant group,while the latter are seeking more social,political and economic opportunities.The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.,15/64,I.The Celtic people from Europe(100AD),II.Roman Invasion(55BC-410AD),III.The Anglo-Saxons From Germany(446-871),IV,Viking and Danish invasions,V,The Norman Conquest(1066),VI.British Empire.(1400-1946),VI.The History of Great Britain,16/64,17/64,Unite II The Politics of Great Britain,National Flag of the United Kingdom,18/64,英格兰，苏格兰和爱尔兰旗帜,19/64,National Emblem,20/64,national anthem,：,“god save the queen”,（如在位是男性君主，国歌改为,“,god save the king”,）,National flower,：,Rose,National bird,：,红胸鸽,(redbreast/robin),21/64,redbreast,22/64,The Monarchy,I.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy,the head of state is a king or a queen.,.,II.The monarch actually has no real power.,The monarchs power are limited by law and Parliament.,Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.,23/64,24/64,25/64,Buckingham palace,26/64,宫前维多利亚像,Victoria Memorial,27/64,高,帽,卫,兵,28/64,The main functions:,(1)to pass laws;,(2)to provide,by voting for taxation,the means,of carrying on the work of government;,(3)to examine government Policy and,administrations,including proposal for expenditure;,(4)to debate the major issues of the day.,The English Parliament,The British Parliament,House of Lords,House of Commons,29/64,30/64,Parties,1.Britain has a number of parties,but there are only two major parties.These two parties are the,Conservative Party,and the,Labour Party,.,2.The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet,is responsible for the allocation of functions among ministers and informs the Queen at regular meetings of general business of the Government.,31/64,The Current UK Economy,National economies can be divided into,three,main areas:,Primary industries,:agriculture,fishing,and mining.,Secondary industries,:manufacture complex goods from,primary products,Tertiary industries,:banking,insurance,tourism and,selling of goods,(often described as services).,32/64,Energy production is an important part of the UK economy,accounting for,5%,of The national wealth.Great Britain has abundant supplies of coal,oil,and natural gas.The country is self-sufficient in petroleum.,Agricultural sector:,Britains agricultural sector is,small,(producing 1.4%of the national wealth)but,efficient,Producing,58%,of the UKs food needs with only,2%,of its workforce.The best agricultural land is in the,south-east of England,.,33/64,1.Ford,GM,Peugeot,Nissan,Toyota:,福特（美国），通用（,General Motors,美国），标致（法国），尼桑（日本），丰田（日本）,2,。英国最终议价独立（指英国独资）大汽车企业,Rover,（罗孚）企业，最近被德国,BMW,（宝马）企业买下了,.,Secondary sector:,In the secondary sector of the economy,manufacturing industry remains important,producing,22%,of national wealth.Britain has a big electronics industry(the fourth largest in the world)but like the car industry(which includes Ford,GM,Peugeot,Nissan,Toyota)this is in many cases foreign-owned.Britains last major independent car company,Rover,was recently bought by the German company BMW.,34/64,英国老牌车厂罗孚为庆贺,ROVER,创厂以来第一个一百年，原厂特地赶造了一批纪念款概念车型,ROVER 75 Coupe Concept,，将要限量发行以纪念此百年华诞！,上汽支付宝马,2170,万美元,取得,Rover,商标权,35/64,劳斯莱斯汽车,(RollsRoyce),36/64,劳斯莱斯成为英国王室专用车已经有数十年历史，爱德华八世、女王伊丽莎白二世、玛格丽特公主、肯特公爵等众多英王室组员座驾都是劳斯莱斯。,37/64,Tertiary industries,:banking,insurance,tourism and selling of goods,(often described as services),70%of the UKs workforce are employed in the service sector.,London is one of the top three financial centers in the world,the London Stock Exchange,38/64,Currency of Britain:English pound,(,英镑,),辅市单位原为先令,(Shilling),和便士（,Penny,），,1,=20,先令，,1,先令,=12,便士,自,1971,年,2,月,15,日起，辅币单位改为新便士（,New Penny,），,1,=100,新便士,正面,反面,1,便士,正面图案：英国女皇伊丽莎白二世半身像,反面 图案：莎士比亚塑像,39/64,The Literature of Great Britain,英国文学源远流长，经历了长久、复杂发展演变过程。在这个过程中，文学本体以外各种现实、历史、政治、文化力量对文学发生着影响，文学内部遵照本身规律，历经盎格鲁,撒克逊、文艺复兴、新古典主义、浪漫主义、现实主义、当代主义等不一样历史阶段。,一、中世纪文学（约,5,世纪,1485,）,二、文艺复兴时期文学（,15,世纪后期,17,世纪初）,三、,17,世纪文学,四、启蒙时期文学（,17,世纪后期,18,世纪中期）,五、浪漫主义时期文学（,17981832,）,六、现实主义时期文学（,19,世纪,30,年代,-1918,）,七、当代主义文课时期（,1918-1945,）,八、当代文学（,1945,）,40/64,Beowulf,：,贝奥武夫,It is one of the oldest“Old English”literary works in British literature.,41/64,Geoffrey Chaucer,(ca.1343-1400),乔叟：,one of the greatest English poets,The Canterbury Tales“,坎特伯雷故事集,内容提要：,4,月一天，一群香客去坎特伯雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日，店主、香客与在此住宿作者一起出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷路上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两个，被大家公认为最正确讲故事者能够在回来时白吃一顿丰盛晚餐。,42/64,William Shakespeare,(1564-1616),43/64,Four Tragedies:,Four Comedies:,哈姆莱特,(Hamlet),奥赛罗,(Othello),李尔王,(King Lear),麦克白,(Macbeth,),威尼斯商人,(The Merchant of Venice),，,第十二夜,(Twelfth Night,），,仲夏夜之梦,(A Midsummer Night,s Dream),无事生非,(As You Like It),又叫,.,44/64,To be or not to be-That is a question;1,Whether,tis nobler in the mind to suffer,The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them.,45/64,简,奥斯丁,（,1775,年,12,月,6,日,1817,年,7,月,18,日,），（,Austen,，,Jane,）,Main works:,46/64,Charles Dickens,，,English novlist,（,1812-1870,）,Main works:,47/64,the purpose of the British education system,“,the three Rs”(reading,riting and rithmetic),Education,48/64,II.the relationship between,education and social class,-class inequality can be erased or continued according to educational policy,-the school tie is a clear marker of social class,49/64,the famous boys public school(,私立中学,),：,Eton,(,伊顿公学，位于伦敦以西,)and,Winchester,（温切斯特公学，位于英格兰南部）,the universities:Oxford and Cambridge,(nicknamed:,Oxbridge,),50/64,1.,pre-primary schooling,(up to age 5),-nursery schools(,托儿所,),，,day care(,托儿所日托,),or play groups,2.,primary schooling,(5-11,6 years),-mainly state sector,co-educational/mixed primary schools,III.the present education system,51/64,-comprehensive schools,3.secondary schooling,(11-around19,7 years),-grammar schools,Then after graduated they can,1,）,quit school;,2,）,or prepare to sit university,entrance exams;,52/64,3,）,or concentrate on vocational training,-GNVQs,(General National Vocational Qualifications,国家专业资格证书,):,the vocational equivalent of A-levels,53/64,4.higher education,-only one privately funded university:,the University of Buckingham,-oldest universities:,Oxford(12th C.)and Cambridge(13th C.),*,the first degree(,the Bachelors degree,)courses are mainly full time and last,3,years,except in Scotland where they take,4,years,54/64,英国学位可分为学士学位,(Bachelor Degree),、硕士学位,(Master,Degree),和博士学位,(Doctor of Philosophy),。学士学位或称第一学位，攻读学士学位课程学生，通常需要三年时间。,*,in Oxford and Cambridge the BA converts to an MA several years(generally 4 years)later,upon payment of a fee,55/64,The university of Oxford,56/64,School Holidays,The main summer holiday is from,mid-July,to,early September,.Children also have 2 weeks holiday at,Christmas,and at,Easter,.,The school year is 39 weeks long and is divided,into,three,terms:,英国年分为三学期制，年由,9,10,月开始，至第二年,6,7,月结束。三学期开课时间分别是,9,10,月、,1,月和,4,月。,57/64,英 国 三 个 禁 忌,不能加塞,不能问女士年纪,不能砍价,58/64,British Holidays and Festivals,Christian festivals,-,Christmas:,the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on,December 25th,each year to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.Three typical British,traditions,on Christmas are:,the Christmas Pantomime,the,Queens speech,over the television and radio,and the,Boxing Day.,59/64,60/64,Decorating a Christmas tree,Decorating a Christmas Tree,61/64,62/64,Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated in,Britain,Australia,New Zealand,and Canada,.a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas.It falls on,December 26,th,.,63/64,64/64,
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