英语5种基本句型名师优质课获奖市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。,Five Types of Simple Sentences,简单句五种类型,第1页,组成句子各个组成部分叫,句子成份,：,1.,主语,:,是一个句子主干部分之一,主语表明是,“什么人”，“什么事”,.,通常由,名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词,来充当,.,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.,To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing football after school,is great fun.,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,表,第2页,2.,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,动词,充当,.,1.they,work,very hard.,2.Tom,feels,much better now.,(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见系动词：is,am,are,become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem),注意：情态动词,和,助动词,不能,单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起组成谓语.,动词常分为,实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,和,助动词,.,第3页,3.,表语,：跟在,连系动词,后面词语或从句,用来说明主语身份,特征,状态,.,My sister,is,a nurse.,The trees,turn,green.,The flower,is,beautiful.,To see,is,to believe,.,The reason why her absence,is,that he is ill,第4页,3.,宾语,：动作行为,对象,，说明主语做什么。普通放在,及物动词或介词,后面,.,由,名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,和,宾语从句,组成,.,1.We study,English.,2.I saw,him,yesterday.,3.He wanted,to have a pen,.,4.She likes,playing basketball,.,5.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,注意：,双宾语,：指人是间接宾语，指物是直接宾语。,He gave,me,two books,.,第5页,4.,定语,:,用来,修饰,名词或代词词,.,形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词,从句,等,.,1,、,This is a,red,car.,2,、,The building is,their,teaching building.,3,、,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,4,、,I have something,to tell you,.,5,、,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr.Li.,6,、,Every,student has an English book.,7,、,I know the boy,w,ho is playing basketball on the playground.,第6页,5.,状语,:,说明动作或状态特征,修饰,用来修饰,动,词,形容词,副词或整个句子,.,副词,介词短语,动,词不定式,以及,after,when,as soon as,until,if,before,等引发从句,.,You are,quite,right.,They often draw,in the park.,We came here,in order to,learn English.,If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.,第7页,6.,宾补：,补充说明宾语,。,(,宾语和宾补,之间有逻辑上主谓关系）,宾语,+,宾补叫,复合宾语,，复合宾语有以,下几个类型,：,1,名词（代词）,+,不定式,2,名词（代词）,+,分 词,3,名词（代词）,+,名 词,4,名词（代词）,+,形容词,第8页,1、名词（代词,）+,不定式,John asked,me,to help,him.,Let,him,go,home.,(,此处省略,to),I saw,her,come out of,the room.,(,此处省略,to),第9页,名词（代词）,+,分词,（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）,I,found,him,standing,at the gate.,She could feel,her heart,beating,violently.,He spoke slowly in order to make,himself,understood.,He spoke loudly in order to make,himself,heard.,第10页,名词（代词）,+,名词,（作宾补表示独一无二职位前不加,the.),They made,him,captain of the ship,.,第11页,英语中句子能够按其作用或者按其语法结构两种标准分类。,按其作用或使用目标，句子可分为：,陈说句：,This is a truck.,这是一辆卡车。,疑问句：,Is this a truck?,这是卡车吗,?,祈使句：,Drive the truck away.,把卡车开走。,感叹句：,What a big truck it is!,多么大卡车,!,按语法结构，句子可分为：,简单句：,I am busy.,我很忙。,并列句：,I am busy washing,but he is playing football with them.,我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们踢足球。,复合句：,Although I am busy washing,he is playing football with them.,尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块踢足球。,第12页,按结构英语句子主要能够分成三种：,简单句，并列句，复合句,e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.,2)The teachers name is Smith and the,students name is John.,3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.,-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.,5)Hurry up,or youll be late.,6)I saw him when I walked past the street.,7)He often gets up early because he wants,to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,第13页,十大词类,(Parts of Speech),英语中词能够依据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：,名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词,。,第14页,需要搞清楚几个概念：,1,、及物动词,(vt.),：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。,eg.They,want,some books.,He,is,reading,a book.,2,、不及物动词,(vi.),：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。,eg.Birds,fly,.,He,works,in the factory.,3,、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定词义，但不完整，不,能单独作谓语，必须和作表语词语,(,如形容词,名词,等,),连用,组成谓语。如：,be(,是,),look(,看起来像,),become(,成为,变得,),等。,eg.They,are,teachers.,He,became,very interested in science.,第15页,句子成份,(Elements of the Sentence),组成句子各个部分叫句子成份，主要有：,主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语,等，其中主语和谓语是句子主要成份。,第16页,Five Types of Simple Sentences,简单句五种句型,第17页,简单句五种基本结构：,1.The sun rises.,2.I dont like basketball.,3.Danny is tired.,4.I read her a story.,5.I helped her brush her teeth.,主语,+,不及物动词,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,主语,+,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主语,+,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,第18页,Five Types of Simple Sentences:,1.,主语,+,不及物动词,2.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,3.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,4.,主语,+,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,5.,主语,+,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,Subject+Intransitive Verb,Subject+Transitive Verb+Object,Subject+Link Verb+Predictive,Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct Object,Subject+Verb+Object+Complement,第19页,一、主语,+,不及物动词（,S+V,）,这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。比如：,The water,is boiling,.,S V,They,have been waiting,there for hours.,S V,The train,will leave,soon.,S V,The flags,are waving,in the wind,S V,第20页,二、主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语（,S+V+O,）,He,has,a sister,.,S V O,They,wanted,to have a rest,.,S V O,She,carried out,her plan,.,S V O,He,likes,watching TV,.,S V O,第21页,三、主语,+,系动词,+,表语（,S+V+P,）,英文中系动词主要是指,be,动词各种改变形式，也包含那些有时起系动词作用实义动词。,这类动词常见有：,become,（变成）,look,（看上去）,seem(,看起来）,get,（变得,)feel,（摸起来）,grow,（变得）,turn,（变成）,keep,（保持）,stand,（保持）,stay,（保持）,smell,（闻起来）,sound,（听起来）,taste,（尝起来）,第22页,He,is,a good student,.,S V P,She,is,in the classroom,.,S V P,It,is getting,warmer and warmer.,S V P,The trees,turn,green,.,S V P,第23页,四、主语,+,动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语（,S+V+IO+DO,）,这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给某人某物”等意思。,常见这类谓语动词后接,to,有,：,give(,给某人,)bring(,带给某人,),tell(,告诉某人,.)send(,送给某人,),leave(,留给某人,)pass(,递给某人,),read(,给某人读,)write(,给某人写,),take(,给某人拿,)show(,给某人看,),teach(,教某人,)get(,给某人弄到,),lend(,借给某人,)hand(,递给某人,),第24页,She,brought,me,a shirt,.,S V IO DO,Pass,him,the dictionary,please.,V IO DO,I,lend,him,my bicycle,.,S V IO DO,=I lend my bicycle to him.,后接,for,有,:,make,buy,get,sing,cook,等等。,Her mother,bought,her,a skirt,.,S V IO DO,=Her mother bought a skirt for her.,第25页,五、主语,+,动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语（,S+V+O+C,）,常带,复合宾语,结构及物动词有：,feel(,感觉到,)find(,发觉,)get(,使得,),have(,使，让,)hear(,听到,)keep(,保持,),make(,使,)notice(,注意到,)see(,看见,),let(,使,)watch(,注视，看,)call(,称,)ask(,请求,要求,)tell(,告诉,)want(,想要,)wish(,希望,)listen to(,听,)look at(,看，瞧,),第26页,27,说明,:,此结构由“,主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”,组成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有,逻辑上主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。,能够用做宾补有：,名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词,等。如：,The sun keeps us,warm.,I heard him,singing.,You must get your hair,cut.,They made Tom,monitor.,He used to do his homework with his radio,on,.,用,it,做形式宾语，而将真正宾语放到宾语补足语后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语惯用句型结构方式。即：,主语,+,谓语,+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,。如：,I found,it,very pleasant,to be with your family,.,第27页,惯用it做形式宾语动词有：,think,consider,feel,find,believe,eg:I found it impossible to finish so much work in a day.,第28页,We,call,him,Xiao Liu,.,S V O C,The news,made,me,happy,.,S V O C,He,keeps,his hand,behind his back.,S V O C,The story,made,us,laugh,.,S V O C,He,heard,somebody,opening the door,.,S V O C,第29页,划分句子成份,:,My sister is a nurse.,They are drinking.,They are drinking tea.,The old man walks in the park.,She passed him the salt.,We keep the table clean.,_,S,_,V,_,P,_,S,_,V,_,S,_,V,_,O,_,S,_,V,_,S,_,V,_,IO,_,DO,_,S,_,V,_,O,_,C,第30页,7.They work hard.,8.The flower is dead.,9.Plants need water.,10.He gives me some seeds.,11.We should keep the plants in the shade.,12.Many animals live in trees.,_,S,_,V,_,S,_,V,_,P,_,S,_,V,_,O,_,S,_,V,_,IO,_,DO,_,S,_,V,_,O,_,C,_,S,_,V,第31页,1.The spring is coming.,2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.,3.I have finished my homework.,4.Show me your books.,5.Keep them warm at night.,S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,第32页,Correct the mistakes:,He kept me wait for a week.,She looks happily.,My mother bought a new shirt to me.,Yesterday they arrived Beijing.,waiting,_,_,happy,_,_,for,arrived in,第33页,Exercises:,指出以下句子基本类型,1.They are listening.,2.My mother is fifty now.,3.I have bought three books.,4.My friend gave me a birthday present.,5.I painted the wall white.,6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.,第34页,7,They arrived at six o,clock.,8,The map is on the wall,9,Children often sing this song.,10,Mr.Wu teaches us English.,11,She showed her friends all her pictures.,12,I find him a lovely boy.,第35页,