高一英语上册重点短语.doc

高一上册重点短语
Unit 1 Good Friends
1. be loyal to sb 对…… 忠心
2. show loyalty to sb 对……表忠心
3. argue with sb about sth 为某事和某人争吵
4. find a solution to sth 找出……的解决方案
5. classical music 古典音乐
6. rock music 摇滚音乐
7.pop music 流行音乐
8. be fond of 喜欢
9. survive the earthquake 从地震中兴存下来
10. a deserted baby 一个被遗弃的婴儿
11. in order to 为了
12. share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
13. be in deep sorrow 处在深切的悲痛之中
14. care about 介意
15. such as 比如
16. drop sb a line 给某人写信
17. make an apology to sb
apologise to sb 向某人道歉
18. write an e-mail 写电子邮件
19. hate doing sth 憎恨做某事
20. be into sth
be interested in sth 对…… 感兴趣
21. too much 太多
22. be bored with 对…… 厌倦
23. surf the Internet 上网
24. all the time 一直
25. play computer games 玩电脑游戏
26. imagine doing sth想象做……
27. be alone on an deserted island
 独自一人在荒岛上
28. everyday life 日常生活
29. explain sth to sb
explain to sb sth 向某人解释某事
30. explain to sb that… 向某人解释……
31. so...that 如此……以致……
32. play a part/role in 在…… 中扮演角色
33. play the role of 扮演……的角色
34. succeed in doing sth
be successful in doing sth 成功地做某事
35. send e-mails 发电子邮件
36. all over the world 遍及全世界
37. be on a flight across the Pacific Ocean
 在飞越太平洋的途中
38. land on a deserted island 登上一座荒岛
39. hunt for food 寻找食物
40. make (a) fire 生火
41. develop a friendship with sb
和某人建立友谊
42. treat sb as… 把某人当作……
43. share happiness and sorrow 分享幸福分担痛苦
44. make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
45.keep sth in mind 记住某事
46. get angry with sb 生某人的气
47. keep secrets保守秘密
48. promise to do sth 许诺做某事
49. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
50. have a flat tire 爆胎
51. senior high school 高级中学
52. have a pleasant holiday
度过一个愉快的假期
53. write a short description of sb
 写一段某人的简要介绍
54. be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲
55. keep an eye on sth 照看……
56. feel down 情绪低落
57. make fun of sb 嘲弄某人
58. be curious about sth 对……感到好奇
Unit 2 English around the World
1. make oneself at home 别客气
2. the majority of 大多数/a majority of +number
3. native language 母语
4. native speakers 说本族语言的人
5. mother tongue 母语
6. except for 除了
7.international organization 国际组织
8. communicate with sb 和某人交流
9. exchange A for B 用A交换B
10. stand for 代表
11. stay up 熬夜,挺住
12. come about 发生
13. end up with 以……告终/结束
14. bring in 吸收,引进
15. a great many 许多
16. compare A with B 把A和B做比较
17. compare A to B 把A比作B
18. for the first time 第一次
19. the first time 当第一次……的时候
20. have a good flight 飞行愉快
21. fly all the way direct from A to B
    从A地径直飞往B地
22. be tired of 对……厌倦
23. be tired from 由于……而劳累
24. tire sb out 使某人精疲力竭
25. mean to do sth 打算做某事
26. mean doing sth 意味着……
27. spoken language 口语
28. spoken English 英语口语
29. English-speaking countries
说英语的国家
30. a number of 许多
31. the number of ……的数量
32. more than 超过,不仅仅是
33. develop into…… 发展成为
34. the working language 工作语言
35. international trade 国际贸易
36. international tourism 国际旅游
37. the language of global culture
全球文化语言
38. on the radio 通过收音机
39. through the Internet 通过因特网
40. communicate in English 用英语交流
41. have a good knowledge of English
很好地掌握英语
42. American English 美式英语
43. British English 英式英语
44. the answer to the question
问题的答案
45. the key to the door 门上的钥匙
46. the entrance to the cinema
电影院的入口
47. at first 起初,首先
48. for a long time 好久以来
49. an independent country 独立的国家
50. a separate country 独立的国家
51. for example 例如
52. in the same way 以同样的方式
53. the way to do sth 做某事的方法
the way of doing sth做某事的方法
54. at the same time 同时
55. borrow words from other languages 从其他语言借鉴词汇
56. end up with 以……结束/告终
57. be different from 和……不一样
58. most of the time 大部分时间
59. have   difficulty  in doing sth
trouble做某事有困难
60. take great trouble to do sth
不辞辛劳地做某事
61. the reason for sth ……的原因
62. change over centuries
几世纪以来的变化
63. a great/good many 许多
64. give a description of 描述……
65. replace A with B 用B代替A
66. have a problem with ……有困难
67. part of ……部分
68. an important part of
一个重要的部分
69. drive on the same side of the road 在路的同一边驾驶
Unit3
1.    consider vt 考虑，细想，打算（+n/pron/v-ing/连接词+to do/that-clause）
consider 后不可直接跟不定式，但可接连接词+不定式作宾语。
E.g.: I’m considering what to do next.
Consider 可表示“认为”之义（与think同义），常用于
           clause
Consider +  sb /sth (to be)
           sb /sth (as)
           sb /sth to have done
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.    to have invented  B. inventing  C. to invent  D. having invented
表示“把…看成…”之义的词组：regard…as…, think of…as…, treat…as…, look on/upon…as…
2.    means 通常用作可数名词，单复数形式相同，意思是“方法，手段，工具。
 by means of  通过…的方式
by this/ that means 通过这种/那种方式
by no means  决不，一点也不
3.  follow one’s advice 听从某人的劝告,
follow one’s instructions 听从某人的教导, follow the example of… 以…为榜样…,
as follows 如下
4.    get away from  离开，摆脱，回避，否认
5.   get out of      从…中出来，从…中得到，逃避，改掉（习惯）
与 get 有关的短语:
get along;进展
 get around; 传播
get away;逃跑
get down to;认真开始做
 get in; 插话
get into; 进入,招惹
get on/off; 上(下)车
get over; 痊愈,恢复,淡忘
get through; 接通(电话),通过,完成考试及格
get up; 起床
get together;聚会
6. more and more  可以作状语，修饰adj, adv 表示“越来越…”Eg: more and more interesting，也可以作定语，修饰 n. 表示“越来越多的” ,  eg: more and more people
7.try to do sth   尽力去做某事，不论成功与否
　try doing sth  试着去做某事，即试一试某种做法是否行得通
8.get close to = get near to 　接近，快要到，to 为介词，后接n/ pron/v-ing
  close 可作adj和adv，表示“近的／地”，常与介词to 连用，表示“几乎，接近”。他的另一副词形式是 closely ,表示抽象意义，意为“紧密地，密切地”eg: watch closely 认真地观察，密切地监视
　 (A) It was raining heavily.  Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _____ to her mother.
       A close   B closely   C closed   D closing
9. equipment  装备，设备，为不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。
10.watch out (for…) 注意，当心
　 注意，当心的警告语：Watch out!  Take care!  Look out!  Be careful!
   相关短语：watch it = watch out, 当心，小心；watch for 留心找寻，小心等待；watch over 照看，看守。
11.wear, put on 与　have on
   wear 意为“穿着，带着”，用于穿衣服，鞋，戴帽子，戴手套，眼镜，手表及留头发胡须等；强调“穿着”的状态。
　 Put on 意为“穿上，戴上”，表示穿的动作，可用于穿衣服，鞋袜，戴帽子，手套等；宾语若是代词，须置于on 前；其反义词是 take off.
   Have on 意为“穿着”，表示状态，相当于be wearing, 不可用于进行时
12.protect sb / sth from / against  防止…免受…之苦，保护，防卫，警戒
13.hit (hit, hit) vt 打，撞，袭击，打击，击中。Hit 作“打，拍，击中”解时，习惯把人作为动词的宾语，用介词短语说明打在人的某个部位。人体的部位前用定冠词，其结构为hit/take/pat/lead sb on/in/by + the +人体的部位。
14.danger  n  危险，指一般概念时不可数；指具体的危险或造成危险的人／事物时，可数。相关短语：in danger 处境危险 in the danger of　处于…危险之中 out of danger　脱离了危险。Dangerous  adj  危险的，指给他人造成危险或危害的。
15.similarity 作相似解是不可数名词，做相似之处解是可数名词。Similar adj 相似的，类似的；be similar to…和…相似
separate  adj 单独的，分开的，有差异的　vt  分离，分开，隔离（常与from 连用）
A  As we joined the big crowed I got _____ from my friends.
A separated     B spared     C lost    D missed
16.form 可数名词：形式，形状，形态，表格　vt 形成，建立，养成
17.be bad for…　对…有害处　　　　　　 be good for…  对…有好处
　 be bad at…   不擅长，在…方面差　　 be good at…　 擅长，在…方面好
　 be bad to…   对待（某人）不好　　　 be good to…   对待（某人）好 
18.go against;违背
go for/after; 追求
go ahead; 开始,继续
go around; 传播
go down; 下降,下沉
go in for;从事,爱好
go off; 爆炸
go on;  发生,继续
go out; 熄灭
go over; 复习,察看
go through; 遭受,经历
go with相配,协调
19.time:
against time; 争分夺秒
all the time; 总是,一直
at one time; 曾经
at a time; 一次
at the same time; 同时
ahead of time;
from time to time; 间或
in time; 及时
on time; 准时
time and time again; 反复
for a time; 暂时
or the time being;暂且
Unit4
1.   
2.    be caught in  被困住,突然遭遇上 Eg: We were caught in the rain.
3. for fun  为了好玩,为了高兴  
in fun  闹着玩的,开玩笑的
   make fun of  开…的玩笑,取笑 
   fun  n. 高兴, 乐趣, 不可数名词;  有趣的人或事, 可数名词
4.  be on fire  着火,表示燃烧的状态; catch fire = take fire/begin to burn 着火,起火,强调动作.
   Fire 作名词的用法及其搭配
(1)   不可数名词  play with fire 玩火 under fire 遭受炮火的攻击
 set fire to =set ...on fire 纵火烧...
(2)   可数名词, 意为火灾,火堆,炉火
              make/start/light a fire点火; discover a fire 发现火情
              control the fire 控制火势; escape from the fire 逃离火势
              put out the fire 灭火; be killed/burnt in the fire 在大火中丧生; fight the fire 救火; (the fire) break out 发生火灾;
              watch the fire 围观火势
5. Be scared of = be afraid of 害怕  be scared to do = be afraid to do 不敢做
Scare away 吓跑  scare into/out of doing  吓得做/吓得不敢做
6. before 的用法和意义
(1)   before 和情态动词can/could 连用,表示……才……,还没来得及……就……. 把before 从句理解为还没来得及做某事,主句的动作就发生了.
Eg: She was angry before I could explain to her.
(2)   主句动作发生在前,从句动作发生在后.这时before 译为然后,…后,才…
eg:  Look before you leap. 三思而后行
(3)   主句的谓语动词是否定形式时, before 译为就…,便…
eg:   It was not long before he learned to use the computer.
(4)   主句含有hardly, scarcely 等半否定副词时,before 可译为刚…就…
eg:   I had hardly fallen asleep when he woke me up.
(5)   before 的主句含有情态动词will 和would 时,译为宁愿…也不…
eg:   I will die before I give in.
     D  Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up¬ ______ I could answer the phone.
        A  as      B  since       C  until         D before
     C  He made a mistake, but the he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
        A  until    B  when       C  before         D as
7. advance 的用法
     (1)  v 前进, 进步, 做出, 提出(要求,建议等), 提前, 提早, (指价格,成本,费用)上涨, 提高, 提升, 晋升.
     (2)  n 前进,推动,前移,进步,发展,改进.进展,改善.预支,借贷
          in advance   预先,提前
     (3)  advanced   adj  先进的,高级的,年老的
          eg: advanced English; an advanced worker; be advanced in years 年纪大
8. swallow  vt 吞下或咽下,吞没或掩盖某人/某物,忍受
   swallow one’s words  收回自己的话
9. go down 不及物动词词组 沉没,(太阳,月亮)落下,(价格等)下降,(风浪等)平静下来
   C  The price _____ , but I doubt whether it will remain so.
      A went down  B will go down  C has gone done  D was going down
10.hold onto = hold on to  意思是抓住(不放),抓牢; 保持,不放弃,不卖掉.
   We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to _____ it. It
might be valuable.
   A  hold on to  B keep up with  C turn to  D look after
11.struggle  v 斗争,搏斗,挣扎
   struggle against 与 …斗争,为反对…而斗争
   struggle for  为争取…而斗争
   struggle with  与..斗争, 和…一起战斗
   注意: fight 的用法与此相同
12.must have done 意为一定已经…,表示对过去发生的事情作出肯定的推测,其否定形式为couldn’t have done. 反意疑问句应根据实际时态的动词形式确定.
Eg: You must have gone to the hospital yesterday, didn’t you?
Must + 动词原形表示对现在的情况进行肯定的推测.
 (A) My sister met him at the Grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______
     your lecture.
   A. couldn’t have attended        B. needn’t have attended
   C. mustn’t have attended         D. shouldn’t have attended
13.go through
   (1)穿过,通过   A terrible noise went through the house.
   (2)审阅,检查   I can’t go through the letters in an hour.
   (3)翻找,查看   Mother went through the room for her glasses.
(4)经历(困难,痛苦等)  Most families went through a lot in the war.
(5)通过,成功,成交  The plan didn’t go through.
14.fear 的意义及用法
   (1) 不可数名词 恐惧,害怕 (= fright)
       可数名词  担心的事
(2) vt 恐惧,害怕  fear +n/ to do/clause
短语: for fear of 担心,以防…
          for fear that... 同上,后接句子
          in/with fear 惊恐地
15.long before 的固定句式
It took/was long before… 过了很久才……
It didn’t take/wasn’t long before  过了不久才……
It will take/be long before  要过很久才
It won’t/be long before   不久就会
注意:(1)long 可换成a long time 也可以用具体的时间如:It was five years before …
(2)before 引起时间状语从句,其中的谓语动词不用将来时
(3)before long 不久,单独作状语,相当于soon
eg: you’ll understand this before long.
16.marry: 1)vt. e.g. Alice married Jeff last week.
          2)Get married  e.g. He has got married.
          3)be married to e.g. She has been married to Mr.Brown for a year.
17.moment:
for a moment; 一度时间
for the moment; 暂时
in a moment; 一会儿以后
at any moment;随时

18.beat/hit/strike/knock
19.can/must的用法
Unit5 The Silver Screen
一、重要词汇及词组
1. play a role in…  在…中扮演角色； 在---方面起作用；
play the role of… 扮演---的角色；
2. be married to…  结婚 （表状态，跟一段时间连用）
get married to… 结婚 （表动作）
They got married in 1998.
They have been married for three years.
3. win a prize for…  因---而获奖
4. work on sth      从事---工作
5. take off       （1）飞机起飞； （2）脱（衣服）；（3）取消；（4）成名；
take on a new look  呈现一片新的现象；
take over          接管
take up            从事--； 专注---；占据---；
6. owe (sb) for sth   因---欠某人钱/债
Mr Wang owes us for the goods he received last year.
王先生去年收到货物到现在还欠着我们钱呢。
Owe sth to sb/ owe sb sth  欠某人（某物）；把（名誉等）归功于某人；
The boss owed a lot of money to the bank 老板前银行很多钱。
He owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
他把成功和幸福归功于他的妻子和孩子。
7.go + adj’ 表示转变成---，表情况的变化；
go worse/ while/ hungry/ bad/ wrong
go wrong 变糟，出问题，发生故障；
8.top directors 顶尖导演
9.in all 总共，总计；
10. be deeply moved by…  被---深深感动；
be moved to tears      感动的流眼泪；
a moving story        一部感人的电影
11. take one’s place
(1)   take the place of sb/sth  取代，代替；
Mr green is ill, so I will take his place to give you a lesson.
(2)   take one’s place 就坐；
Since everyone has taken his place, let’s have our meeting.
12. lock sb up 将某人监禁起来；将某人锁于某处不得进出；
13. run after  追赶；
14. escape 1) vi. Escape from = run away 逃走，逃跑；
Only a few people escaped from the danger.
        2) vt. 逃避，逃脱；escape sth/ doing sth  ;
You were lucky to have escaped the punishment/ being punished. (惩罚)
There is no way to escape doing the work.
15.the naughtiest boy 最顽皮的男孩；
16.cause trouble     制造麻烦；
17.afford  vt. 担负得起，买得起，抽得出时间；常与can, could或 be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句中。
afford sth
afford to do sth
afford + 时间/金钱 for sth
Can you afford 200 yuan for that book.
together with…  和---一起，一道； 谓语动词使用就前原则;
as well as; but; including; with; like; except; besides; more than; rather than; 以上都使用就前原则；
John, together with his parents, has gone to the party.
18.get to know each 互相了解；
19.need 1) 做情态动词，后直接跟动词原形； We need help.
2) 实义动词need to do sth  /didn’t need to do  /need to be done = need doing
The bike needs to be repaired. 自行车需要修理。
The bike needs repairing.  自行车需要修理。
          She doesn’t need to teach. All she needs to do is keeping everything in order..
        3) have a need to do sth 必须做某事；
          There is a need for/ of sth 需要---；
          There is a need for sb to do sth 某人需要做某事
          be in need of  需要；
二、重要句型
 1.  在表示时间、条件、方式或让步等从句中，主语与主句主语一致，谓语中含有be 动词，主语与be动词可以省略。主动时用分词，被动用分词。
While typing the letter, she heard the telephone rang.
When heated, ice will be changed into water.
While still a student, she played many roles in plays.
 2.  The reason why … is/was that    ---的原因是---
The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad food. 
她生病的原因是吃了变质的食物。
The reason why many people want to buy it is that the price is low.
许多人想买它，原因是价格便宜。
    The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were low.
3.    This was the moment when…   这是---的时刻
This was the moment when Spielberg’s career really took off.
这是斯皮尔伯格事业真正成名的时刻。
This was the moment when the whole nation unites to fight against SARS.
这是全国团结与非典做斗争的时刻。
4.    before
a)    不等---就 
He went out before I had a chance to tell him the good news.
我还没来得及告诉他好消息他就出去了。
     2） 不多久就---
We hadn’t waited long before the bus came.
我们还没等多久公车就来了。
3） 宁愿--- 也不---
He will die of hunger before he will steal. 他宁愿饿死也不愿偷窃。
4）  It won’t be … before… 用不了多久就会---
It wasn’t … before…   没过多长时间就---
Unit6 Good Manners
1 pay a visit to sb/sth = pay sb a visit 拜访某人/某地
2 for the first time 第一次
3 be surprised by  对---感到惊讶
4 manners 风俗,习惯,规矩
 manner  方式,方法  用法与way相似  
 He has good manners. 他有礼貌.
 It’s bad manners to interrupt others. 打断别人的话是不礼貌的.
5 leave/make a good impression on sb 给某人留下很好的印象
6 at the table 在桌旁
 at table    在吃饭
7 custom [c]  (社会)风俗,习惯, 习惯
  cu