仁爱版英语八年级上册所有单元知识点总结.pdf

1/21仁爱英语八年级上册仁爱英语八年级上册 Unit 1 topic 1 Section A 语言点讲解语言点讲解1.I saw you play basketball almost every day during the Summer holidays.常见的感官动词有：see,watch,hear,smell,feel 等。后可接动词 ing 形式，表此动作正在发生。动词原形，不表此动作正在发生,表此动作已完成或存在的事实。Do you smell something?(burn)答案：burning I often see him basketball after class.(play)答案：play 2.There is going to be a basketball game between Class Three and our class this Sunday.There be 句型：表某地有某物.而 have 表示某人有(1)There is/are.表现在某地有某物，is/are 取决于后面的名词是单数还是复数，单数用 is复数用 are,如There is a pen and two rulers on the desk.There are two rulers and a pen (2)There was/were表过去某地有某物。was/were 的用法也遵循就近原则。(3)There will be 或 There is/are going to be 表某地将有某事物。不能说成 There will have（题）（题）a match in our school between Class Three and Class Four next week.3.Would you like to come and cheer us on?-Sure,Id love to.（1）Would you like+不定式？表建议或邀请。常用 Id love to 来回答，不同意也常用“Id love to,but”来拒绝别人。如：Would you like to play basketball with me?-Id love to,but I have a lot of homework to do.（2）在肯定句中 would like=want 如：Id like to have a rest.=I want to have a rest.4.I hope our team will win.-Me,too.(=So do I.)hope+that 从句，that 可省去。I hope that I can see you soon.hope to do sth.I hope to see you soon.注意:(1)wish（愿）与 hope 的用法一样，后既可以接从句也可以接不定式，但不能说hope sb.to do sth.(hope 后不接双宾语,但 wish 可以),如：I hope you to help me(错)I hope that you can help me.（对）(2)hope 后接的从句常用将来时态表可以实现的愿望，而 wish 后接的宾语从句常用过去时态表难以实现的愿望，如：I hope you will come.I wish I could fly to the moon.5.I prefer rowing.(1)prefer(过去式过去分词需双写 preferred)后可直接接动词 ing 形式或动词不定式,表更喜欢,用法同 like/love:I prefer swimming(更喜欢经常游泳)I prefer to swim.（更喜欢这一次去游泳）(2)prefer(doing)A to(doing)B 相当于：like better than I prefer swimming to skating.=I like swimming better than skating.(3)后接不定式时与 rather than 或 instead of 连用，如：He preferred to die rather than(to)steal./He preferred to die instead of stealing.他宁死也不去偷窃。6.-Do you row much?你经常划船吗？你经常划船吗？-Yes,quite a bit/a lot.是的，经常。是的，经常。quite a bit/a lot 经常/许多，大量.quite a bit of 后接不可数名词,如：quite a bit of money。quite a lot of 后既可接可数名词复数也可以接不可数名词,如：quite a lot of books/information。而quite a few=many 表“相当多”后接可数名词复数，如：quite a few studentsquite a little=much 表许多，后接不可数名词，如;quite a little money very few/little 很少很少。2/217.Are you going to join the school rowing club？join 加入（人群，组织）take part in 参加（活动，比赛）注意：(1)join 可与 in 连用,后接活动,即 take part in=join in=be in 后都接活动。如：He joined in the game;He joined in helping the old man.Ill be in the relay race.(2)Join sb.in doing sth.表加入某人的活动。如：Will you join us in playing basketball?Section B 1.How tall is he,do you know?-Yes.He is 2.26 meters tall.与 how 构成的疑问词有：How tall(身高)多高;how high(山)多高；how heavy 多重；how long 多长；How wide 多宽；how deep 多深；how old 多大.对应的回答常用“数词+量词+形容词”，如：1.70 meters tall;2 kilometers high；3 kilos heavy;20 years old2.They both play for the Houston Rockets in the NBA.play for 为某个队效力；play against 与某个队比赛；play with 玩某物/与某人玩(比较：play basketball 打篮球；Look,the baby is playing with a basketball 玩弄一个篮球)3.what are you going to be when you grow up?=what do you want to be?你长大想干你长大想干什么？什么？5.David Beckham,a famous soccer star,arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday.表到达的有：arrive at+(小地名)；arrive in+（大地名）get to reach 6.The fans are very excited.（1）excited 表“感到激动的、兴奋的”，常只作表语，主语常为人人。如：We are excited.类似的有：interested 有趣的;tired 感到疲劳的;bored 感到厌烦的 （2）exciting 表“令人激动兴奋的”既可作定语，也可作表语；作表语时，主语常为事物事物，如：an interesting book;The book is interesting.类似的有：interesting 令人有趣的;tiring 令人感到疲劳的;boring 令人感到厌烦的7.Its too bad that they arent going to stay in Beijing for long.主语是斜体 that 从句部分，前用 it 来代替它。因此这是一个含主语从句的复合句。Its too bad that=Its a pity that=Its a shame that.很遗憾.8.在英语中有一些表示位置移动的词，在英语中有一些表示位置移动的词，如：go，come，leave,arrive,fly 可用现在进行时态表将来。如：They are flying to Wuhan tomorrow.(表将飞往武汉而不是正去武汉)They are leaving for Japan.=They will leave for Japan.9.Zhang Yining,one of the worlds best women table tennis players,won two gold medals for China.(1)one of 表 中的一个，后接可数名词的复数，如：one of my friends(2)名词作定语修饰名词时，一般用单数形式，如：two book shops,two shoe shops,但man，woman，sports 修饰可数名词复数时，常用复数形式，如：two men teachers;sports meet (3)win a gold medal 赢得一枚金牌;win a prize 赢得奖品;win the first place 赢得第一名10.What a shame!=What a pity 多么遗憾！多么遗憾！类似的有：What fun!多么有趣！11.break the record 打破纪录；打破纪录；keep the record 保持纪录保持纪录12.Please write back soon.write back 回信Section C 3/211.once a week,一周一次一周一次 twice a week 一周两次一周两次,三次或三次以上用三次或三次以上用“数字数字+times”如：如：three times a year,four times a day,five times a week,.2.go+v-ing 形式的短语表形式的短语表“去做某事去做某事”如：go hiking 去徒步旅行，go shopping 去购物，go skating 去滑冰，go skiing 去滑雪；go fishing 去钓鱼。3.she spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.当 exercise 指“体操、练习”时，是可数名词，如：do morning exercises 做早操；do English exercises 做英语练习题；但 exercise 指“锻炼，运动”时，是不可数名词。如：do exercise 做运动。exercise 还可作动词，指“锻炼，运动”如：She exercises every morning.4.She plays it pretty well.pretty well=very well 相当好5.She is also good at jumping.be good at=do well in擅长 如：I am good at English.=I do well in English.be good for 对有好处，Running is good for your health.反义词为：be bad at=do badly in 不擅长.be bad for 对 有害类似短语：be good/bad to sb.对某人好/不好 6.They are sure that she will win.be sure+(that)从句，表“确信”如：Im sure(that)eating too much is bad for you.be sure to do sth.确信做某事 We are sure to win next time.be sure of/about(doing)sth.表确信(做)某事 Im sure of that.7.How often does she go cycling?(1)go+动词 ing 形式，表进行某种户外活动，如：go swimming,go fishing,go climbing.(2)How often 问多久一次，频率。常用 sometimes,seldom,twice a year 等回答。How long 问多久。常用“（For）一段时间”来回答How soon 问多快（时间），用于将来时态。常用“In an hour 在一小时内等”来回答。如：How soon will you come back?-In a week.与 how 搭配的疑问词有：How many 多少（接可数名词复数形式）How much 多少（接不可数名词）How old 问年龄How tall 多高（人、树）How high 多高（山、楼）How far 问距离 How long 还可以问物体的长度（1）is it from your home to your school？-Its two kilometers away.(2)is the room？-Its two meters wide.(3)is the tree？-Its three meters high.8.Because it makes me strong and it is popular all over the world.因为它使我强壮并且它流行因为它使我强壮并且它流行make,let,have 当表“使，让”时是使令动词，后接动词原形。如：make me crymake 后还可以接形容词，名词,如:make me strong,make him our monitor，10.keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康保持健康（healthy=fit 都是形容词，health 是名词）Section D1 Have a good day!祝你今天玩得高兴 Have a good journey!旅途愉快 Have a good time!祝你过得愉快 Have a good weekend!周末愉快八年级上册八年级上册 Unit 1 topic 2Section A1.Michael,could you please do me a favor?4/21(1)Could you please=Would you please?意为“请你好吗？”后接动词原形(2)do sb.a favor=help sb.=give sb.a hand 帮某人的忙。2.But one of my teammates fell ill。但是我们队友中的一员病了。但是我们队友中的一员病了。(1)One of+可数名词复数，表“.中之一”当它作主语时，是单数第三人称。如：One of my friends likes playing computer games 类似的短语有：Some of;中的一些 most of中的大多数;(2)fall ill 生病（强调动作）be ill 病了（强调状态）如：He fell ill yesterday,and now he is ill in bed.3.-Would you mind teaching me?-Not at all.你介意教教我吗？你介意教教我吗？-不介意。不介意。(1)Would you mind(not)doing sth.你介意(别)做某事吗？（礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事）回答去做的有：Not at all 或 Of course not 或 Certainly not 回答不去做的有:Sorry，I wont./Yes,please dont./Youd better not.(2)Would you mind my/me smoking here?(常用物主代词 my,her,his,our 等，少用代词宾格 me,he,us 等)4.Lets go and practice.让我们去练习让我们去练习practice+名词/动词 ing，表练习什么/做什么，如：We often practice spoken English.(英语口语)Lets practice dancing.5.Sorry,Ill put it somewhere else.somewhere else 别的某个地方 somewhere 是不定副词，else 是形容词。形容词修饰不定副词、不定代词时，常放在其后。如：something sweet 甜食；Anything else？还有别的吗？Nothing serious 不严重6.Dont be late next time.-Sorry,I wont.(对不起，我将再也不会了对不起，我将再也不会了)be late 迟到，如：You are late again.be late for做迟到 如:He was late for school.(3)回答否定祈使句常用：Sorry，I wont.如：Dont shout at me!-Sorry,I wont.回答肯定祈使句常用：OK，I will.如：Please study hard.-OK,I will.7Would you please say it in English.你能用英语说一下它吗？你能用英语说一下它吗？Would you please(not)do sth(请求某人做某事)Would you like to do sth.(提建议)Would you mind(not)doing sth(请求)8.Thats very kind of you,but I can manage it myself.太感谢你了，但我会自己处理的。太感谢你了，但我会自己处理的。manage 作“管理，处理”时，结构为：manage sb./sth.如：She managed the hotel well.manage 作“设法做成某事”时，结构为：manage to do sth.如：its too noisy here,Ill manage to leave here.注意比较 try to do sth.努力去做某事 It is形容词of sb.to do sth.和It is形容词for sb.to do sth.这两个句型容易混淆。什么情况下用 of 或 for 是一个考点。实际上前者的形容词用来描述某人的，因此可以转换成：Sb.be形容词to do sth.后者的形容词用来描述做某事的，可以转换成：To do sth.is形容词。如：It is right of you to do more reading.=You are right to do more reading.(right 用来描述 you)It is easy for you to finish the work.=To finish the work is easy for you.Section B1.You are always so careless!always 除了用于一般现在时态中，也可用于进行时态中，be always doing sth.总是.常用来赞扬某人，如：She is always helping others.2.2.YouYou missedmissed a a goodgood chance.chance.（错过一个好机会）（错过一个好机会）miss 意为”思念，错过”如：I miss my mother very much.She missed the early bus.5/213.3.He did his best.他尽力了。他尽力了。a)do ones best=try ones best 尽某人最大努力 Do ones best to do sth.=try ones best to do sth.某人尽力去干某事 We will do/try our best to study English well.4.4.Kangkang,would you mind saying sorry to Michael?你介意向你介意向 Michael 道歉吗？道歉吗？Say sorry to sb 向某人道歉 say hello to sb.向某人打招呼/问候。say goodbye to sb.向某人道别。5.I am sorry for what I said.我为我所说的道歉。我为我所说的道歉。for 后面的 what I said（我所说的）是一个宾语从句。类似的还有：what I saw(我所见的)，what I thought about(我所考虑的)a)Be sorry for 表为.道歉，后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词。Be sorry to do sth.抱歉去做某事。有时可互换如：Im sorry for troubling you.=Im sorry to trouble you.6.Keep trying!We are sure to win next time.(1)Keep doing sth.坚持做某事；keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直干某事；keep on doing sth.=go on doing sth.继续做某事(2)be sure to do sth.确信要做某事（表将来）如：Its sure to rain.肯定要下雨。be sure+(that)从句,如：We are sure that we will win next time.be sure about sth.对某事确信，如：Im sure about the answer.7 Kangkang was angry with Micheal.be angry with sb.生某人的气 be angry at sth.因某事而生气,如：He was angry at what he had said.8.With the help of Maria and Jane,Kangkang said sorry to Micheal.With the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助下 With Maria and Janes help,.9.(1)turn on 打开（电器、龙头等）;turn off 关;(2)turn up 调大音量 turn down 调小音量10.please take a seat.请坐请坐 Take ones seat=have ones seat 坐某人的座位 如:He took his seat and read a book.11.be busy with sth.为某事而忙碌为某事而忙碌。如：Kangkang is busy with his exam.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 如：He is busy preparing for Christamas.12.Never mind.=It doesnt matter.=Thats OK/all right.=Not at all.没关系。没关系。都可以用来回答“Im sorry.”如：Im sorry I didnt call you last night.-Never mind.I guess you were busy.Section C1.Exciting?Yes,but very tiring as well.很精彩？是的，但也很累。很精彩？是的，但也很累。表“也”的有下列词，用法如下：as well/too 用于肯定句末.Im a student.He is a student as well/too.also 用于肯定句中（位于系动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前）如：He is also a student.He also likes English.either 用于否定句末。Im not a student,he isnt a student either.2.He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play even in bad weather.(1)so that 为了，以便 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.结果，以致 He left his book at home so that he went back home again.6/21 so+形容词/副词+that 从句：如此.以致She is so beautiful that everyone likes him.such+名词短语+that 从句：如此.以致 She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes him.(2)invent(动词)发明inventor(名词)发明家invention(名词)发明 Inventors have invented many great inventions 发明家已经发明了许多伟大的发明。3.Do you know how to score in the game?(在比赛中得分在比赛中得分)score 进球，得分名词：The final score is 2-1.最后得分为 2 比 1。动词:No one scored in the first half.没人得分在上半场。Section D1.I am a 15-year-old boy.我是一个我是一个 15 岁大的男孩。岁大的男孩。用连接号“”构成的词常做一个形容词，放在名词前作定语，此结构中数词后的词不用复数，不能说成 15-years-old,但不是一个词时，year 要用复数。如：He is 15 years old.2.instead of 代替.,是一个副词短语，不能放主语后独立作谓语动词，只能放在动词后作谓语，它后可接名词/代词/动名词(v-ing)。如：You should play out instead of working indoors.a)instead 代替代替 放句尾或句首。I dont like swimming,lets go hiking instead.3.I have great fun running.fun 是不可数名词，意为“乐趣”，词组 have fun doing sth.在做某事中得到乐趣,如：We have great fun learning English.注意：have fun=enjoy oneself=ha a good time.4Before 和和 after 既可作介词，后接动词 ing 形式。也可作连词，后接时间状语从句。如：开始跳高前，我们必须弄清楚如何跳得高。Before starting jumping,we must get to know how to jump high.（介词）Before we start jumping,we must get to know how to jump high.(连词)5.短语：短语：shout at sb 朝某人吼（不礼貌地）；shout to sb.朝某人大声地喊be import to sb./sth.对某人是重要的。如：English is important to us.build sb/oneself up 增强某人体质 如：Running can build ourselves up.立刻，马上：in a minute=right now=right away=at once=soon八年级上册八年级上册Unit 1 topic 3 Section A1.Ill be in the long jump and the high jump.be in+活动，表“参加某活动，相当于 take part in 和 join in2.maybe 和和 may be maybe=perhaps 副词，表“可能，也许，大概”，在句中作状语，通常放句首，也可以放动词之前。如：Maybe you are right.(可能你是对的)may be 表“可能是”常放句中，如：You may be right.（你可能是对的）3.动词放句首的几种情况：动词放句首的几种情况：动词原形放句首，用于祈使句。如：Read the dialogue loudly,please.动词 ing 形式（动名词）放句首作主语，把它当作单数第三人称对待。如：7/21Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.动词不定式也可以放句首作主语，如:To talk with him is a great pleasure.当然，通常我们把不定式放句后，前用形式主语 it 来代替它。因此这句话常说成：It is a great pleasure to talk with him.(跟他交谈是一种莫大的乐趣)4.My foreign friend,Steve,will come to cheer me on.cheer sb on 为某人加油。5I am sure I will make friends during the sports meet.(1)make friends 交朋友(2)make friends with sb.和某人交朋友，如：I wan to make friends with you.(3)sports meet 运动会 6.I will do my best.I wont lose.lose 输（反义词为：win）I am afraid I will lose the game.丢失 I lost my book.7.Its my first time to take part in the high jump.Its ones first time to do sth.是某人第一次做 如：Its her first time to cook dinner/Section B 1.Lets go to plant trees then.那么让我们去植树吧。那么让我们去植树吧。plant 和 grow 都表“种植”，一般可互换，但 grow 比 plant 更需要精心的培育。常说：plant trees,grow rice.2.Lets make it half past six.我们约定 6:30 吧。（这是约定时间的常用表达法.）3.enough 的用法：的用法：(1)enough(足够的/地)修饰形容词或副词必须放在它的后面。如：big enough(大的足够)slowly enough(慢地足够)enough 修饰名词时，即可放其前，也可放其后。如：enough money 或 money enough.(2)enough to do sth.足够.可以做.此句式还可以与 so.that.；tooto.互换。She isnt old enough to go to school.=She is so young that she cant go to school.=She is too young to go to school.她太小了而不能上学。4.take photos=take pictures 照相照相Section C1.Were sorry that we did badly in the high jump,but were sure we can do better next time.do badly in=be bad in 在 方面做得差(badly 是副词，修饰动词 do;bad 是形容词)do better in=be better in 做得更好,更擅长于.（better 是 well，good 的比较级）2.The Peoples Republic of China took part in the Olympics for the first time in 1952.for the first time 第一次 如：I went to Beijing for the first time last summer holiday.3.The Olympic Games take place every four years.短语：(1)take place 发生，举办(2)every four years 每 4 年一次Section D 1.The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.a symbol of 的一种象征 Yellow was a symbol of imperial power in ancient China.2.There are five rings,and they stand for the five parts of the world.stand for 代表 The dragon stands for the Chinese nation.3.You can easily find at least one of these colors in the flag of every country.at least 至少=over=more than 如：There are at least 400 students in our school.4.improve our environment 改善我们的环境改善我们的环境 8/21 (1)improve 改善，提高 I dont know how to improve my English.(2)improve oneself 自我提高 we should study hard to improve ourselves 八年级上册八年级上册 Unit 2 topic 1Section A1.Whats wrong with you?你怎么了？你怎么了？同义句有：Whats the matter/trouble with you?(matter/trouble 是名词，前用 the；wrong 是形容词，前不用 the)2.短语：短语：have a cold=catch a cold 患感冒；have a cough 患咳嗽；have a fever 发烧；have a stomachache 胃疼；have a headache 头痛 have a sore throat 喉咙疼have the flu 患流感；have sore eyes 眼疼(注意这两个特殊点的)I have a headache.=I have an ache in my head.(ache 指持续的疼痛，pain 指肉体上的剧烈疼痛，sore 常指发炎而引起的肌肉痛)3.take a rest=have a rest 休息一下休息一下4.lift 举起 lift the box 消散 The clouds will lift soon 电梯 get out of the lift5.You look pale.系动词有：be 是；look 看起来,smell 闻起来,s