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全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters考点大全笔记.pdf

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1、(每日一练每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一全国通用版高中英语必修一 Unit4NaturalDisastersUnit4NaturalDisasters 考点大全笔考点大全笔记记 单选题 1、One day,an idea _ Waters that maybe her cooking could help her make some money.AstruckBbeatCoccurredDrecalled 答案:A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:有一天,沃特斯突然想到,也许她的厨艺可以帮她赚些钱。A.struck 击打,突然想到;B.beat 打败;C.occurred 出现,(想法)产生;D.

2、recalled 回想起。根据句意可知,句中表达了“突然想到”的含义,需要用到 sth.strikes sb.或 sth.occurs to sb.来表示;此处为一般过去时,所以动词要用过去式。故选 A 项。2、A real friend is someone_support we can count on.AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwho 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。分析句子可知,_support we can count on 是一个定语从句,先行词是 someone,从句当中的 support 前缺少定语,定语从句的关系词中可以作定语的只有who

3、se。故选 A。3、Andrew is a brilliant student,_ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.Aand whoBoneCand oneDone who 答案:D 考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew 是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用 one 作 Andrew 的同位语,引导词指代 one 和 Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用 who 引导定语从句,故选 D。4、From monuments _define history,to tow

4、ering skyscrapers,to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge,youll be treated to spectacular views.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhose 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:从定义历史的纪念碑,到高耸的摩天大楼,到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔,您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 monuments,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词 that 或which 引导。故选 B。5、The man _ coat is black is waiting at th

5、e gate.AwhosBwhoseCthatDof which 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:穿黑色外套的那个人正在门口等着。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是man,关系词在从句中作定语,和 coat 是所属关系,应用 whose 引导。故选 B 项。6、I live next door to a couple_ children often make a lot of noise.AwhyBwhoseCthatDwhich 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词 whose。

6、故选 B。7、Those _ achieve great things are the ones willing to be scared but not scared off.AwhatBwhoCwhichDwhom 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:那些取得伟大成就的人是那些愿意被吓到但不会被吓倒的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词 Those 指人,因此空格处用关系代词 who,故选 B。8、The house,_I bought last year,needs to be repaired.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen 答案:A 考查非限制

7、性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是 the house,所以应用关系代词 which 来引导。故选 A。9、Two“stolen”notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag _the original blue box _the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.Acontaining,whereBto contain,whichCcontai

8、ning,/Dto contain,that 答案:C 考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯 达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词 contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词 a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语 a bright pink gift bag 之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词 the origi

9、nal blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词 in 后的宾语,应用关系代词 which 或 that 引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选 C 项。10、Some regional and international passenger flights remain _ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.AcrashedBconductedCsuspendedDsustained 答案:C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A.crashed

10、 撞车;B.conducted 实施;C.suspended 暂停;D.sustained 维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用 suspend。故选 C。11、The novel published last month,_ author was a 15-year-old girl,is a best-seller.AwhichBwhoCwhenDwhose 答案:D 考查定语从句。句意:这本小说上个月出版,作者是一个

11、 15 岁的女孩,是一本畅销书。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少定语,修饰先行词 the novel。故选 D。12、Have you bought the same book_ I referred to yesterday?AwhenBwhichCwhereDas 答案:D 考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作 to 的宾语,the sameas(和一样),句中应由 as 引导定语从句。故选 D 项。13、Following the girl,we went into a hall,

12、on _ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.AwhoseBitsCwhichDthat 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代 halls,意为“大厅的”,故使用 whose。故选A。14、The prize will go to the writer _story shows the most imagination.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwho 答案:C 考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰

13、富想象力的作家。分析句子可知,writer 为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为 whose。故选 C 项。15、The bird flu _through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far,_16 persons.Asweeps;killedBswept;killingCsweeping;to killDsweeping;killing 答案:D 考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少 20 次,造成 16 人死亡。A.sweeps;killed 席卷;杀死;B.s

14、wept;killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping;to kill 席卷;杀死;D.sweeping;killing 席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是 has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除 A 选项(sweeps 是第三人称单数);第一空处 The bird flu 和 sweep 之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除 B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除 C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选 D。16、Public schools in the United States have to be ne

15、utral about religion _ they close for holidays like Christmas.Ain caseBas ifCin thatDeven though 答案:D 考查让步状语从句。句意:美国的公立学校必须在宗教问题上保持中立,即使他们会在圣诞节这样的节日关闭。A.in case 以防;B.as if 似乎;好像;C.in that 因为;D.even though 即使。结合句意可知,学校在像圣诞节这样的节日会停课,美国必须对宗教保持中立。所以空白处与前文为让步关系,选项 D 符合题意,故选 D。17、It was in the lab _ was t

16、aken charge of by Professor Black _ they did the experiment.Athat;whereBwhich;that Cwhom;thatDwhich;where 答案:B 考查定语从句和强调句型。句意:他们是在 Black 教授负责的实验室里做实验的。分析句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是 lab,关系词在从句中作主语,应用 that 或 which 引导;第二空和句首的 It was 构成强调句型,被强调部分是地点状语 in the lab,故此处用 that。故选 B 项。18、The villagers,_had been washe

17、d away by the flood,received the governments aid.Aall their propertiesBall of their properties Call whose propertiesDall of whose properties 答案:D 考查定语从句。句意:村里所有的财产都被洪水冲走,村民们得到了政府的援助。根据句子结构分析可知,“received”是主句谓语,因此设空处引导的句子为非限制性定语从句,先行词为 villages(村庄),从句中连词做定语修饰主语 properties,意为“村庄的财产”,用关系代词 whose。不定代词 al

18、l 修饰名词时需要使用介词 of,意为“所有的”。故选 D。19、With more and more forests _,we must take action to protect our earth.AdestroyingBdestroyedCto destroyDare destroyed 答案:B 考查过去分词。句意:随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏,我们必须采取行动去保护我们的地球。空格处是 with的复合结构中的宾补,由于宾补和宾语 forests 是被动关系,因此要用过去分词。故选 B。20、Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with eve

19、ry human weakness stood at the point in history magic ended and science began.Awho;whereBwhich;whereCwho;whenDwhich;that 答案:A 考查定语从句。句意:牛顿被证明是一位天才科学家,有着人类的种种弱点,他站在了历史上魔术结束、科学开始的时刻。分析句子可知,两个设空处都引导定语从句;第一空处关系词代替先行词 Newton 在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词 who,第二空处关系词代替先行词 point 在从句中充当地点状语,应用关系副词 where,故选 A 项。21、The pro

20、ject savings from cooling is about$4,000 a year on a new roof _ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.AwhatBwhoseCwhichDsuch 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约 4000 美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 a new roof,关系词和 life span 之间是所属关系,应用 whose 引导,在从句中作定语。故选 B 项。2

21、2、Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened?Athat;whereBwhich;that Cwhere;thatDwhich;where 答案:B 考查定语从句和强调句。句意:事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗?根据句子结构,第一空为 which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the village,先行词在定语从句中作 live in 的宾语,应用关系代词 which引导;分析句子,全句使用了强调句型“It+is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式,本句强调的是原句中地

22、点状语“in the village where we used to live in”,句子其它部分由 that 引出。故选 B。23、Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.AwhoBof whomCwhoseDthat 答案:C 考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词 whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词 Children 在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语 diet 为所属关系。故选 C 项。24、When people t

23、alk about the cities of the U.S.,the first_comes into mind is New York.AoneBthatCwhichDof them 答案:B 考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C.which 那个;D.of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是 the first 是序数词,应该用关系代词 that 引导从句,且 that 在从句中作主语。故选 B 项。25、Ill ask the teacher about the subjunctive mo

24、od_Im very puzzled about;and thats also _ most of our classmates have doubt.Awhich;whatBwhy;thatCwhich;whereDthat;how 答案:C 考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“Im very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have d

25、oubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“.的地方”,因此第二空用 where 引导表语从句,故选 C。26、We all like the teachers _class is interesting and creative.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDthat 答案:C 考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A.who 谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语);B.whom 谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语);C.wh

26、ose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D.that 那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词 teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词 whose 作先行词 teachers 的定语。故选 C 项。27、Teenagers nowadays are a“technology”generation,different from those _ their parents used to be.AwhomBwhatCwhoDthat 答案:C

27、考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是 those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为 those,引导词使用 who。故选 C。28、Lack of mutual_not only gets in the way of your work,but it can also_your relationships and your self-esteem.Acomment differBrespect damage Cbenefit destroyDexpectation decorate 答案

28、:B 考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选 B。小提示:29、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will

29、 be held.Awhich;thatBwhere;thatCwhich;whoDwhere;whom.答案:A 考查定语从句和强调句。句意:全球 5G 技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳 10,000 人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或that,故排除 B、D 项;因为 the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall 是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语

30、in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用 that,综上,故选 A。小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:(1)一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用 who 或 whom,指人时通常不用 which 等。(2)二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用 whose,有时也用 which;作状语要用 when,where,why。(3)三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如 that 和 why 通常不引导非限制性

31、定语从句。例如第一空,分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或 that。30、The nurse will be _ when needed,so its unnecessary to worry about the patient.Ain the open airBon handCin shockDnow and then 答案:B 考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A.in the open air 在户外;B.on hand 在场,在旁边;C.in s

32、hock 处于震惊之中;D.now and then 时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选 B 项。完成句子 31、仿佛到了世界末日。It seemed_ the world were coming to an end.答案:as if 考查连词。对比中英文句子,表达“仿佛”可用 as if,此处引导表语从句。故填 as if。小提示:32、众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)(1)As we all know,smoking can _(damage n.)(2)It is well kno

33、wn that smoking can _.(damage vt.)答案:do/cause damage to our health damage our health 考查动词短语、名词短语和情态动词。小题 1 中,提示词 damage 作名词,结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语do/cause damage to,意为“损害”,表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语 our health;故小题 1 填do/cause damage to our health。考查动词和名词短语。小题 2 中,提示词 damage 作动词,结合句意可知,damage 在句中作谓语动词,因为设空前有情态动词 can,所

34、以 damage 用原形;表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语 our health。故小题 2 填damage our health。33、We are going to learn some Chinese poems _ in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习在唐朝时期创作出来的一些中国诗歌。答案:that/which were written 考查定语从句和时态。表达“创作”应使用动词 write。分析句子可知,空处应使用 that 或 which 引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 poems(复数,指物),并在从句中充当主语成分。由于 poems 与动词 write 之间是被动

35、的关系,且 write 这个动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 that/which were written。34、为了应对未来的问题,我们应该养成良好的工作习惯,提高生活技能。(定语从句)_,we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.答案:To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future 考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。表示“应对”,可用动词短语 cope with。表示“问题”,可用名词 problem

36、。根据要求用定语从句来修饰“问题”。“未来的问题”实际上就是指“未来我们遇到的问题”。在该从句中,应该用 we 作主语。表示“遇到”,可用 meet with。先行词 problems 作 meet 的宾语,应该用关系代词which/that 引导从句,且关系代词还可省略。表示“未来”,可用 in the future。因此,从句可翻译为:that we may meet with in the future。“为了应对未来的问题”表目的,应该用动词不定式表示。故填To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future。35、

37、一句多译 没有必要担心,我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。1.There is no need to worry.We can _.2.There is no need to worry.We can_.答案:supply you with whatever you need supply whatever you need to you 考查动词,宾语从句。表示“给提供”,可使用动词固定搭配 supply sth.to sb.或 supply sb.with sth.。表示“任何你需要的东西”使用 whatever 引导宾语从句 whatever you need。故填supply you wi

38、th whatever you needs;upply whatever you need to you.36、她说起来就好像她见过钟南山一样。She talked _ _ she had met Zhong Nanshan.答案:as if#though 考查固定短语和虚拟语气。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“好像”,是固定短语 as if/though,故填 as,if/though。37、此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了 40 万。The number of people_in the quake _.答案:who were killed or badly injured was m

39、ore than 400,000 考查定语从句和主谓一致。结合原句,分析句子可知,全句讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时;“地震中丧生或身受重伤的”是定语,修饰名词 people,可表达为限制性定语从句:who were killed or badly injured in the quake,其中关系代词 who 代替先行词 people 在从句中作主语,谓语动词应用复数形式,所以 be 动词用 were;第二空中,因主语是“the number of+复数名词”,视为单数,所以 be动词用 was,“超过 40 万”用 more than 400,000 表示。故填who were killed

40、 or badly injured;was more than 400,000。38、唐山再次发生了几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震。Another quake _ as strong as the first one shook Tangshan again.答案:which/that was almost 考查定语从句。根据所给汉语可知,“_ as strong as the first one”是定语从句,修饰 Another quake,先行词 Another quake 在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词 which/that 引导该定语从句。先行词 Another quake 是单数,从句谓

41、语动词用单数,根据主句谓语动词 shook,可知从句用一般过去时,从句谓语动词是 was,“几乎”是 almost,故填 which/that was almost。39、The company _ as a result of the accident.由于那次事故,该公司遭受了重大损失。答案:suffered a great loss 考查一般过去时和固定短语。空处意为“遭受了重大损失”,为固定短语 suffer a great loss;suffer 在句中做谓语成分,a great loss 在句中做宾语成分;由语境可知,那次事故发生在过去,遭受了重大损失也发生在过去,谓语应用一般过去

42、时。故填 suffered a great loss。40、一方面,我能通过做这样的事赚些钱来帮助父母,另一方面,我能从中获得一些经验,这会对我将来的生活有益。_,I can earn some money by doing it to help my parents,and _,I can gain some experience from it,which will do good to my future life.答案:On the one hand on the other hand 考查副词短语。根据汉语提示,副词短语 on the one hand“一方面”和 on the ot

43、her hand“另一方面”符合题意,在句子中做状语。注意首字母大写。故空填 On the one hand;空填 on the other hand。语法填空 41、The soldiers were sent to the earthquake stricken area immediately to save the people _(trap)in the ruins.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:trapped 考查非谓语动词。句意:士兵们立即被派往地震灾区,营救被困在废墟中的人们。句中谓语动词为 were sent,所以此处的动词 trap 要以非谓语的形式出现。动词 trap 和

44、其逻辑主语 the people 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词 trapped 作后置定语,修饰 the people。故填 trapped。42、Do you have any plans for the summer break?Not really.I think I am just staying at home _(read)some books.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:reading 考查非谓语动词。句意:你这个暑假有什么计划吗?真的没有。我想我只会是待在家里,看一些书。分析句子可知,“I am just staying at home (read)some books.”

45、为宾语从句,“think”为主句的谓语;在宾语从句中,stay 为谓语,所以 read some books 在句中做状语,要使用非谓语动词,I 和 read 是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填 reading。43、The plane crashed into the mountain,but the pilot managed_(survive).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:to survive 考查非谓语动词。句意:飞机撞在山上,但飞行员设法活了下来。此处考查动词短语 manage to do sth,设空处应填动词不定式,作宾语。故填 to survive。44、We were

46、relieved to learn that all the miners_(be rescued)from the accident.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:had been rescued 考查时态。句意:得知所有的矿工都已从事故中被救出,我们松了一口气。此处从句表示过去的过去应用过去完成时,且为被动语态。故填 had been rescued。45、He sat down on the floor,_(bury)his face in his hands.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:burying 考查非谓语动词。句意:他坐在地板上,双手掩着脸。空处应填非谓语动词的形式,句子主语

47、 He 与 bury 之间为主动关系,应用现在分词表主动,作伴随状语。故填 burying。46、These plants must _(shelter)from direct sunlight.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:be sheltered 考查动词的语态。句意:这些植物必须被遮蔽以避免阳光直接照射。结合句意 These plants 与 shelter 之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,情态动词 must 之后应用动词原形,空处应填 be sheltered。故填 be sheltered。47、To our shock,the plane lost track of the airp

48、ort and then crashed with no one_(survive).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:surviving 考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们震惊的是,飞机与机场失去了联系,然后坠毁了,无人生还。此处是 with 复合结构,no one 与 survive 是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动,作宾语补足语。故填 surviving。48、Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family and thats pretty _(power).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:powe

49、rful 考查形容词。句意:詹妮弗是第一代毕业生,这对她的家庭来说是很大的鼓舞。这种鼓舞是强大的。分析句子,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。powerful 意为“强大的”。故填 powerful。49、It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber _(rescue).(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:was rescued 考查动词时态语态。句意:在当地导游的帮助下这名登山者被救了。分析句子可知,rescue 是谓语动词,与主语 climber 是被动关系,用被动语态;整个句子是强调句型,由 was 可知用一般过去

50、时,且主语the mountain climber 是单数,故填 was rescued。小提示:50、In the area one out of three residents_(affect)by this quake.(所给词的适当形式填空)答案:was affected 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在这个地区,三分之一的居民受到了这次地震的影响。分析句子可知,空格处是该句子的谓语部分,句子的主语 one out of three residents 和动词 affect 之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动语态;one of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词和 one 保持数的一致;根据句意

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