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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters知识汇总大全
单选题
1、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
2、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
3、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
4、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
5、The house, ___________I bought last year, needs to be repaired.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是the house,所以应用关系代词which来引导。故选A。
6、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
7、Have you bought the same book________ I referred to yesterday?
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:D
考查定语从句关系词。句意:你买了我昨天提到的那本书了吗?分析句子可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是the same book,在从句中作to的宾语,the same…as…(和……一样),句中应由as引导定语从句。故选D项。
8、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
9、The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A.containing; whereB.to contain; whichC.containing; /D.to contain; that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系,应用现在分词containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that/which,也可省略。故选C项。
10、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
11、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
12、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A.privilegeB.libertyC.insightD.emergency
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
13、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
14、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
15、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
16、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
17、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
18、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
19、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
20、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
21、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
22、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
23、In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。
24、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
25、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
26、The bird flu ________through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, ________16 persons.
A.sweeps; killedB.swept; killingC.sweeping; to killD.sweeping; killing
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少20次,造成16人死亡。A.sweeps; killed 席卷;杀死;B.swept; killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping; to kill席卷;杀死;D.sweeping; killing席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除A选项(sweeps是第三人称单数);第一空处The bird flu和sweep之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选D。
27、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
28、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
29、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
30、Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A.that; whereB.which; that C.where; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句。句意:事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗?根据句子结构,第一空为which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the village,先行词在定语从句中作live in的宾语,应用关系代词which引导;分析句子,全句使用了强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式,本句强调的是原句中地点状语“in the village where we used to live in”,句子其它部分由that引出。故选B。
完成句子
31、为了应对未来的问题,我们应该养成良好的工作习惯,提高生活技能。(定语从句)
________ , we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.
答案:To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future
考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。表示“应对”,可用动词短语cope with。表示“问题”,可用名词problem。根据要求用定语从句来修饰“问题”。“未来的问题”实际上就是指“未来我们遇到的问题”。在该从句中,应该用we作主语。表示“遇到”,可用meet with。先行词problems作meet的宾语,应该用关系代词which/that引导从句,且关系代词还可省略。表示“未来”,可用in the future。因此,从句可翻译为:that we may meet with in the future。“为了应对未来的问题”表目的,应该用动词不定式表示。故填To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future。
32、The heavy rain completely __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。
答案:ruined our holiday
考查时态。“毁坏”应用ruin,“我们的假期”应用our holiday,作ruin的宾语。结合句意表示发生在过去的事情,要使用一般过去时,故填ruined our holiday。
33、这是一本如此有趣的书,每个学生都喜欢看。
This is ________ every student likes reading.
答案:such an interesting book as
考查as引导的限制性定语从句。此处为关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句,关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的结构有such…as,the same…as,as…as结构中,此时as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语;此处as在句中作宾语;表示“一本有趣的本书”应用an interesting book。故填such an interesting book as。
34、是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你跟我说话的感觉就好像这事是我做的呢?
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__________?
答案:had done it
考查虚拟语气。分析句意再根据as if可知,此处为虚拟语气在as if从句中的应用,再根据上文的was可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。故答案为had done it。
35、老师从办公室回来时,他刚把教室打扫完。
He ______ ______ ______ ______ the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
答案: had just finished sweeping
考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据句意“他刚把教室打扫完”可知,动作发生在“老师回来”所以应该用过去完成时,谓语应填had just finished,“打扫”应用sweep,finish doing为固定搭配,接动名词作宾语。故填①had②just③finished④sweeping。
36、谁是你家的顶梁柱?
Who is the person ______ ______ ______ ______?
答案: that supports your family
考查定语从句。根据句意可知,空处是定语从句,修饰先行词the person,先行词在定语从句中做主语。因为本小题是以who开头的特殊疑问句,所以只用关系词that。“顶梁柱”即为“养家糊口的人”,可以用“support one’s family”。本句是叙述一个事实,要用一般现在时。故本空格可填(1). that (2). supports (3). your (4). family。
37、仿佛世界末日即将来临。
It seemed ________ the world ________.
答案: as if were at the end
考查连词和虚拟语气。根据句意和所给结构“It seemed”可知,“世界末日即将来临”是要做表语从句,“仿佛”对应的是连词as if,引导表语从句。句意“世界末日即将来临”与事实不符,所以从句要用虚拟语气结构。根据句意可知,主从句谓语动词是同时发生的,所以按照对现在时态的虚拟结构,从句谓语动词用过去式,be动词的都用were。 “在…末”对应的是介词短语at the end,在从句中做表语。故填as if和were at the end。
38、众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)
(1)As we all know, smoking can ____________(damage n.)
(2)It is well known that smoking can ____________.(damage vt.)
答案: do/cause damage to our health damage our health
考查动词短语、名词短语和情态动词。小题1中,提示词damage作名词,结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语do/cause damage to,意为“损害……”,表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health;故小题1填do/cause damage to our health。
考查动词和名词短语。小题2中,提示词damage作动词,结合句意可知,damage在句中作谓语动词,因为设空前有情态动词can,所以damage用原形;表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health。故小题2填damage our health。
39、她说起来就好像她见过钟南山一样。
She talked ________ ________ she had met Zhong Nanshan.
答案: as if##though
考查固定短语和虚拟语气。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“好像”,是固定短语as if/though,故填as,if/though。
40、我突然想到,我们应该制订一个新的方案。
_________that we _________a new plan. (strike, ought)
答案: It struck me ought to make
考查固定句型和时态。“某人突然想到”用固定句型it strikes/struck sb. that,根据句意可知,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,“应该做某事”应用ought to do sth.,“制定”应用动词make,注意it位于句首,首字母大写,故第一空填It struck me,第二空填ought to make。
语法填空
41、Two-thirds of the crop________(damage)during the storm. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was damaged
考查主谓一致、时态和语态。句意:三分之二的庄稼在暴风雨中受损。根据句意可知此句为一般过去时,主语Two-thirds of the crop与damage为被动关系,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态;分数修饰名词作主语,谓语动词由of后面的名词决定,the crop是单数,所以此句谓语动词应该用第三人称单数,故填was damaged。
42、The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood _________(deliver) food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:delivering
考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的每个夏天都在新泽西州的伯纳兹维尔运送食物。此题考查spend time (in) doing sth.,意为“花时间做某事”,deliver用动名词形式作宾语。故填delivering。
43、The thief ________(trap) by the police in an old house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was trapped
考查时态和语态。句意:小偷在一所旧房子里被警察抓捕。空处在句中作谓语,动词trap(抓捕)和主语the thief是被动关系,且句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,所以此处应用一般过去时的被动,主语是单数,故填was trapped。
44、After ________ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查动名词。句意:经过几个月的失眠,我感到身心疲惫。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
45、It is difficult to __________(breath)at these altitudes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:breathe
考查动词。句意:在这些高海拔的地方呼吸困难。此处it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,动词breathe意为“呼吸”符合句意。故填breathe。
46、The professor ________ you wish to see has gone abroad. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that/whom
考查定语从句。句意:你要见的那位教授已经出国了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词professor,且先行词在从句中作宾语,指人,故应用关系代词that或whom引导。故填that/whom。
47、His bad conduct had an effect ________ his reputation. (用适当的词填空)
答案:on
考查介词。句意:他的不良行为影响了他的声誉。have an effect on“对……有影响”是固定短语。介词on表示“关于”。故填on。
48、People were ________ to know that the little girl was killed in an accident. The ________ news ________ all the people around, which was also a ________ to her father who was working abroad.(shock) (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: shocked shocking shocked shock
考查过去分词、形容词、动词时态和名词。句意:得知小女孩在事故中丧生,人们都很震惊。这个令人震惊的消息震惊了周围的人,也震惊了她在国外工作的父亲。根据句意和结构,可知第一空是一般过去时的被动语态,were后加过去分词shocked。第二空修饰指物的名词news,用-ing结尾的形容词shocking。第三空在句中作谓语,用动词过去式shocked。第四空作表语,由a修饰用名词单数shock。故填shocked,shocking,shocked,shock。
49、Mr. Tanner ___________ (survive) by his wife and two children. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:was survived
考查时态和语态。句意:坦纳先生身后留下了他的妻子和两个孩子。A survive B意为“A比B活得长”,此处表示坦纳先生的妻子和两个孩子比他活的长,Mr. Tanner作主语,应用被动语态,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,主语是单数,故填was surviveed。
50、We’ll talk about a particular type of comfort food ______ power tend to be lin
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