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全国通用2023高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters笔记重点大全
1
单选题
1、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
2、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
3、The experience in Paris gave the young musician a unique________ into the influence of music on children, so he founded a school to teach children to play the piano.
A.privilegeB.libertyC.insightD.emergency
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在巴黎的经历让这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解,所以他创办了一所学校教孩子们弹钢琴。A. privilege特权;B. liberty自由;C. insight洞察力,见解;D. emergency紧急情况。根据“the influence of music on children”可知,此处表示这位年轻的音乐家对音乐对儿童的影响有了独特的见解。故选C。
4、In 1963 the World Food Programme was set up, one of________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A.itsB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。分析句子可知,此处包含一个非限定性定语从句,由句意可知,句中先行词 the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作名词purposes的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导从句。故选B。
5、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
6、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
7、Some regional and international passenger flights remain ________ until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus.
A.crashedB.conductedC.suspendedD.sustained
答案:C
考查动词词义辨析。句意:由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,直到另行通知。A. crashed撞车;B. conducted实施;C. suspended暂停;D. sustained维持。根据后文“until further notice due to the rising concerns over the virus”可知指由于对病毒的担忧日益加剧,一些区域和国际客运航班继续暂停,应用suspend。故选C。
8、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
9、Let’s take steps to stop ________ natural resources at such an alarming speed.
A.depletingB.enrichingC.conservingD.supplying
答案:A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:让我们采取措施,停止以如此惊人的速度消耗自然资源。A. depleting消耗; B. enriching丰富; C. conserving保存; D. supplying提供。根据句意可知,应是停止“消耗”自然资源,故选A。
10、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
11、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
12、______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A.Anyone whoB.Whoever
C.No matter whoD.Those who
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构可知,空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句,故排除C;anyone作先行词时,关系代词who是单数概念,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除A;whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故排除B;those作先行词时,关系代词who是复数概念,谓语动词用原形,故D项符合题意。故选D。
小提示:
13、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
14、She took photographs of the things and people ______ she was interested in.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.of whom
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:她拍下了她感兴趣的人和事的照片。分析句式结构可知she was interested in为定语从句。再根据 the things and people 可知,先行词既指人又指物,且在从句中做宾语。所以只能用关系代词that引导。故选C项。
15、The boss ________ company Mr. King worked heard about the accident.
A.whoseB.in whoseC.of whoseD.in which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:金先生工作的那家公司老板听说了那次事故。短语work in意为“在……工作”;分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是boss ,先行词the boss 和company之间为修饰关系,应用关系代词whose;此处可将in提到关系词前面。故选B项。
16、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
17、The Battle at Lake Chang jin (《长津湖》) is the most inspiring movie _______ I have ever seen.
A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:《长津湖》是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“movie”,指物,前面有形容词最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选D项。
18、I’ll never forget the persons and places _______ I visited yesterday.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我将永远不会忘记我昨天去拜访的人和参观的地方。分析句子可知,此处是定语从句关系词,先行词the persons and places在从句中充当宾语,应用关系代词,又先行词有人又有物,应用关系代词that,故选A项。
小提示:本题考查定语从句关系代词。确定定语从句关系代词一般分为三步:找出先行词;分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分;考虑特殊情况。以本题为例:
1 .找出先行词:the persons and places
2 .分析先行词在从句中充当的成分:先行词the persons and places在从句_______ I visited yesterday.中充当宾语,应用关系代词
3 .考虑特殊情况:先行词有人有物时应用关系代词that
故选A项。
19、In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A.damageB.damagedC.damagingD.to damage
答案:B
考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
20、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
完成句子
21、________ ________ are interested in art are welcome to join us.
欢迎那些对艺术感兴趣的人加入我们。
答案: Those who
考查定语从句。观察句子可知,限制性定语从句,先行词表示“人们”,用those,指人,在从句中作主语,用who引导。故填:①Those;②who。
22、我不知道他为什么一直看着我,好像认识我似的。
I don't know why he is looking at me ______ ______ ______ ______ me.
答案: as if he knew
考查as if虚拟语气。表示“好像,似乎”用as if引导从句,as if从句中表达与事实相反的情况时要用虚拟语气;根据句意和主句中时态可知,句中讲述的是现在的情况,as if从句中表达的是对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时;根据句意从句中需补上主语he,“认识”是从句谓语动词,用动词know表示,过去式为knew。故填①as;②if;③he;④knew。
23、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
24、许多年轻人被他的故事深深打动,开始为残疾人自愿工作。
Many young people ________________ his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
答案:were deeply affected by
考查固定短语和时态。根据句意和句中began可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,动词要用过去式。句中涉及固定短语“be deeply affected by…”,意为“被……深深打动”,句子主语people为集体名词,句中表示很多年轻人,故be用were。故填were deeply affected by。
25、尽管遭受了洪灾,但他决不屈服。
Even though he________ ________ ________, he would never give in.
答案: suffered from flood
考查时态和名词。结合句意表示“遭受”可知短语为suffer from,结合后文would可知用一般过去时,后跟名词flood作宾语。故填suffered from flood。
26、发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
The earthquake________ ________ _________ __________ ________ ________shocked the people all over the world.
答案: that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976
考查限制性定语从句、动词及其时态。根据句子结构,设空处以及句意分析可知设空处为定语从句修饰句子的主语The earthquake,“发生”为不及物动词happen,The earthquake是定语从句的先行词,所以应该用that或which引导,在从句中做主语。根据所给提示地震发生在1976年可知从句是一般过去时。故填that happened inTangshan in 1976或者which happened inTangshan in 1976。
27、房产泡沫是一种经济形势,这种形势发生在房价上升得太快的时候。
A housing bubble is an economic situation________ ________when house prices rise much too fast.
答案: which/that occurs
考查定语从句。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,指代的是前文的“房产泡沫是一种经济形势”这一客观事实,从句应该使用一般现在时。同时,引导词在从句中作主语,可以使用that或者which;根据汉语提示,表示“发生”应该用occur。故答案为①which/that ②occurs。
28、We sat in the shade, ____________________the sun.
我们坐在背阴处,避免被晒到。
答案:sheltering from
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
29、The earthquake ____________ shocked the people all over the world.
发生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震惊。
答案:that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976
考查定语从句和时态。根据句意可知,该空作定语,修饰the earthquake。先行词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词which/that引导该从句。表示“发生”应用不及物动词happen。且根据1976年可知,该从句应用一般过去时态。故填that/which happened in Tangshan in 1976。
30、我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(一句多译)
(1) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(2) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(3) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案: try/do our best to help make an effort to help spare no effort to help
考查动词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子,并结合英语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“竭尽全力帮助”,在句中作谓语,可用动词短语“try/do one’s best to do”或“make an effort to do”或“spare no effort to do”表达,都可意为“竭尽全力做某事”,结合主语“We”可知,“one’s”应用“our”表达;“帮助”用动词“help”表达。空前已有“will”,应是一般将来时,谓语动词用原形。故填①try/do our best to help;②make an effort to help;③spare no effort to help。
语法填空
31、What followed was a ________(summarise)of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:summary
考查名词。句意:接下来是对这一天的总结,充满了爱或恨等强烈的感觉。根据句意和空格前的冠词a以及所给动词summarize可知,空格处应该填入可数名词summary的单数形式作表语。故填summary。
32、This is the very hotel ____________ I stayed at when I was travelling here. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句引导词。句意:这就是我在这里旅行时住过的旅馆。分析句子可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the very hotel,(先行词中由the very修饰时,通常用关系代词that指代事物,)关系代词that引导从句,在从句中作介词at的宾语。故填that。
33、They want to establish a committee or a special academy _______ job is to give recognition to new drugs. (用适当的词填空)
答案:whose
考查定语从句。句意:他们想成立一个委员会或学会,其工作是对新药给予认可。分析句子结构可知,“___ job is to give recognition to new drugs”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a committee or a special academy,设空处在定语从句中作定语,应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
34、Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information_________ you need to know. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that
考查定语从句。句意:只有当你问许多不同的问题时,你才能知道你需要知道的所有信息。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词information前有all修饰,关系代词只能用that。故填that。
35、Though__________(suffer) such a heavy loss,the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his business.(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管遭受了巨大的损失,老板也没有失去继续他的事业的勇气。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语动词和though一起构成让步状语,suffer一般只有主动形式,故应用现在分词,故填suffering。
36、I don't know how you all manage to survive ________ your small salary. (用适当的词填空)
答案:on
考查固定短语。句意:我不知道你们靠那微薄的薪水是怎么活下来的。根据句意表示“靠……活下来”短语为survive on。故填on。
37、It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I_______(do)it?(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:had done
考查时态。句意:是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话就好像是我干的似的?此处是由as if引导的虚拟语气,题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”,与过去事实相反,as if / though后面的从句用过去完成时(had done)表示对“过去”的虚拟。故填had done。
38、To our shock, the plane lost track of the airport and then crashed with no one_______(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:surviving
考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们震惊的是,飞机与机场失去了联系,然后坠毁了,无人生还。此处是with复合结构,no one与survive是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动,作宾语补足语。故填surviving。
39、He walked slowly, his hands________(bury)in his pockets. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:buried
考查非谓语动词。句意:他慢慢地走着,双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知,句子为独立主格结构。bury与his hands之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式。故填buried。
40、Thirty miners are still trapped ________ the mine following yesterday’s explosion. (用适当的词填空)
答案:in
考查介词。句意:自昨天爆炸以来,仍有三十名矿工被困于矿井中。短语be trapped in“陷入……困境,被困在……”符合句意。故填in。
10
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