资源描述
单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Animal Idioms,UNIT 5,1/46,我们学习英语习语时候,假如对其产生历史背景有所了解,就会有利于我们记忆和应用,在翻译时也能更准确地表示原文意义。,He eats no fish.,他是老实人。,To rain cats and dogs.,下倾盆大雨,1.从文化历史背景看动物习语的内涵,2/46,2.1 喻义判别,2.2 同一喻体不一样喻指含义,2.3 动物习语设喻民族特征,2.从设喻角度看动物习语的喻指含义,3/46,2.1喻义判别,动物习语组成往往是约定俗成,含有固定搭配方式,所以在,scent a rat(,嗅出有老鼠,),中没有比喻,只是字面意义,;,而,smell a rat(,觉察或怀疑其中有诈,),中完全是用比喻义。,另外,有些动物名称需要与特定词连用才有比喻义。,to lead a cat and dog life,夫妻之间喧华,以至于无法共同生活情形,4/46,2.2同一喻体不一样喻指含义,都是用,horse,作喻体,只因定语不一样,喻义大不相同。,flog a willing horse,对工作努力人加以鞭策,flog a dead horse,“,重提已经处理了问题”或“作徒劳无益事”,5/46,2.3动物习语设喻民族特征,She is a cat,她是个包藏祸心女人,drink like a fish,(to regularly drink a lot of alcohol)习惯性豪饮,6/46,3.,英汉语言中动物文化含义异同,日常生活中，普通不能将人与动物相提并论，但语言中却有不少借动物特征来形容人特征词语。值得注意是，这种比喻性表示法往往因语言、文化不一样而含有不一样含义。,1.cat(,猫,),俗话说“猫有九命”，这是汉语说法。另外，中国人常戏称嘴馋人为“馋猫”。,7/46,cat,在西方是人们溺爱之物,pet),，但令人奇怪是，在英语理语中，,cat,含义为,a spiteful or unpleasant woman(,心地恶毒或令人讨厌女人,),。照此看来，似乎是中国猫可亲，西方猫可恶了。,2.dog,（狗）,在英语中,dog,形象普通不差，常可泛指“个人”。如谚语,:,Every dog has his day.,a gay dog,。但,dog,也有形象不佳之时。,dog eat dog,a dog in the manger,。,在汉语里，尽管狗在一些地方也为宠物，但“狗”形象总是不雅，因而用来指人时多含贬义。如“狗咬狗”、“哈巴狗”、“走狗”，“狗仗人势”、“癫皮狗”等等。,8/46,3.bear,（熊）,在中国人心目中，熊形象普通是“行为迟缓”，因而含有“呆傻”之态,;,指人时常有“熊样”之说,;,当前形容股市不景气乃称“熊市”。,但英语用,bear,指人时，则为,a bad-tempered or bad-mannered person(,粗鄙之人、鲁莽之人,);,另一习惯用语,be like a bear with a sore head,则表示“脾气急躁”。,4.pig,（猪）,英国人也给,pig,以丑恶形象。,A pig,意为,a greedy,，,dirty or bad-mannered person(,贪婪、肮脏或无礼貌人,),。注意，最终一喻意似乎未进人汉语。,9/46,5.bull(,牛,),在英语中，人们把力大致壮人或彪形大汉称为,bull,，把粗大声音说成,a bulls voice,：在同类中大号东西成为,bull,，如,a bull ladle(,大勺,),。,其动词使用方法如,to bull a bill through Congress(,强使国会经过一项法案,),；,He bulled his way into the rook(,他挤过人群走进房间,),。,同是一个动物，两种文化中内涵相差千万里。所以，汉语中“老黄牛”“牛气”“吹牛”等词翻译起来要格外注意，,老黄牛,a willing cow,；,a person who serves the people whole heartedly”,，,吹牛,stubbornness,；,obstinacy,；,pigheadedness,；,stubborn temper,；,bullheaded,；,dogged”,，,牛气,arrogant,；,self-important,10/46,在英语中ox包含cow(奶牛)和bull(公牛)。Set a cow to catch a hare(放牛逐兔，徒劳无功)。He cowed his wife into obedience(妻子被他吓得服服帖帖)。The child had a cowed look(孩子看上去很害怕)。只是在俚语里有时指粗笨肥胖女人、屡次生育女人、婊子等。,11/46,马,A good horse should seldom spurred.,好马不用鞭,A good horse can not be of a bad colour.,好马无劣色,Dont change horses in the middle of the river,行到河中不换马,Put the cart before the horse,本末倒置,Lock the stable door after the horse is stolen,贼去关门,Tis a good horse that never stumbles,马有失蹄,说大话”，汉语说“吹牛”，可英语却用,talk horse.,汉语普通用牛来形容力气大；而英语中用,horse,，如，,He is as strong as a horse,.,12/46,1.,As blind as a bat,.,字面意思：,像蝙蝠一样瞎,。,Animal Idioms,Meaning,视力极差。,Example,Without glasses,he is as blind as a bat.,Explanation,Having very bad eyesight.,13/46,2.Have bats in the belfry,字面意思：,在教堂钟楼里养蝙蝠,。,.,e.g.,Dont take any notice of what he said;he has got bats in the belfry.,Key,想法古怪，大脑有些不正常。,Explanation,Have strange ideas;be slightly mad.,14/46,3.Like a bear with a sore head.,字面意思：像头疼狗熊一样。,Example,He is like a bear with a sore head every morning.,Key,脾气很不好。,Explanation,Be very bad-tempered.,15/46,4.Make a beast of oneself.,字面意思：把自己弄成个野兽。,Example,The husband made a beast of himself every day and in the end his wife asked for a divorce.,Key,行为举止不文明，没教养。,Explanation,Behave in an uncivilized way,16/46,5.Like a red rag to a bull,字面意思：对公牛来说就像一块红布。,Example,To his wife,the invitation of her husbands former girl friend to dinner was like a red rag to a bull.,Key,使人非常生气语言或行为。,Explanation,The sort of thing which makes a particular person very angry.,17/46,6.Take the bull by the horns.,字面意思：抓住公牛角。,Example,This threat isnt going to go away by itself.We will have to take the bull by the horns and settle this matter once and for all.,Key,大胆地面对困难；毫不犹豫地接收挑战。,Explanation,Face a difficulty or danger boldly;meet a challenge directly.,18/46,7.Kill the fatted calf.,字面意思：杀肥牛犊。,Example,He welcomed me at home by killing the fatted calf.,Key,为欢迎某人而举行丰盛宴席；把最好东西拿出来给他人吃。,Explanation,Make a feast to welcome somebody.,19/46,8.Worship the golden calf.,字面意思：崇敬金牛犊。,Example,These days many people worship the golden calf,as a result,the crime rate has increased.,Key,为个人得失而放弃标准或崇敬金钱；拜金主义。,Explanation,Worship money;abandon ones principles for the sake of gains.,20/46,9.The straw that broke the camels back.,字面意思：压断骆驼背那根草。,Example,The husband accepted his former girl friends invitation to dinner,and his wife asked for a divorce because this was the straw that broke the camels back.,Key,使人瓦解或形势恶化到不能容忍最终一件事。英文还有一句类似谚语：,The last straw will break a camels back,（最终一根草也会压断骆驼背）。,Explanation,Something added to a situation which makes it intolerable.,21/46,10.Lead a cat and dog life.,字面意思：像猫和狗生活在一起一样。,Example,They had led a cat and dog life ever since the beginning of their marriage.,Key,无休止喧华，尤其是在夫妻或一家人之间。变体：,Live like cat and dog.,Explanation,Be always quarreling(between wife and husband),22/46,11.Put the cat among the pigeons.,字面意思：把猫放在一群鸽子中间。,Example,When Tony told of Marys problems with the police,he really put the cat among the pigeons.,Key,制造麻烦、挑起事端、引发争端，尤其指突如其来行为。变体：,Set the cat among the pigeons.,Explanation,Cause trouble or a disturbance,especially by doing or saying something unexpectedly or suddenly.,23/46,12.Let the cat out of the bag.,字面意思：让猫钻出袋子。,Example,His promotion was supposed to be a secret;but someone let the cat out of the bag and so everybody in the company knew of his promotion.,Key,泄露秘密。说明：过去曾有不法分子为盈利，把猫装在袋子里当小猪卖。现比喻,露馅儿,。,Explanation,Give away a secret.,24/46,13.Not enough room to swing a cat,字面意思：没有足够空间来摇摆猫。,Example,It was a great party and there were so many people in the room that there wasnt enough room to swing a cat.,Key,空间有限。变体：,There is no room to swing a cat.,说明：,Room,表示空间。,Explanation,Limited space.,25/46,14.Play cat and mouse with someone.,字面意思：跟某人玩猫和老鼠游戏。,Example,The police played cat and mouse with the gang;they hope to catch everyone in the gang all at once.,Key,在采取行动之前，迷惑某人，引某人上钩，采取欲擒故纵伎俩。,Explanation,Before taking action,trick someone so that they will make a mistake.,26/46,15.Wait for the cat to jump.,字面意思：等候、观察那只猫朝什么方向跳。,Example,Cautious investors always wait for the cat to jump before signing any contract.,Key,自己表态或做出计划之前，先观察他人在想什么、做什么。变体：,See which way the cat will jump,Explanation,Wait to see what others are thinking or doing before making any plans.,27/46,16.Fight like cat and dog.,字面意思：像猫和狗打闹一样。,Example,We became friends as we grew older,but when we were young we fought like cat and dog.,Key,无休止激烈喧华。说明：视详细情况，也可用复数：,Fight like dogs and cats.,Explanation,Argue violently all the time.,28/46,17.Till the cows come home.,字面意思：直到母牛回家时候。,Example,Are you waiting for your wife?You will have to wait till the cows come home.I saw her dancing in the hall an hour ago.,Key,需要（等候）很长时间。说明：母牛出去吃草，吃得慢，吃得多，很晚才回家。,Explanation,For a long time.,29/46,18.A dog and pony show.,字面意思：狗和矮种马展示。,Example,The acrobatic performance was part of a dog and pony show the country put on for the benefits of their overseas guests.,Key,为得到人们支持或为了推销产品而举行活动。,Explanation,A show or other event that has been organized in order to get peoples support or to persuade them to buy something.,30/46,19.A dogs life,字面意思：狗日子。,Example,It is really a dogs life having to spend four hours each day traveling to and from work.,Key,艰难困苦日子；（过）猪狗不如日子。,Explanation,A very miserable or hard life.,31/46,20.Cant teach an old dog new tricks.,字面意思：教不会老狗新花样。,Example,Of course I can learn,shouted Uncle Bob,Who says you cant teach an old dog new tricks?,Key,岁数大人学不会新东西。,Explanation,Old people can not learn anything new.,32/46,21.Dog someones footsteps.,字面意思：跟着他人脚印走。,Example,My little daughter dogs my footsteps wherever I go,.,Key,紧紧跟随某人；跟踪某人；类似,步某人后尘,或,重蹈覆辙,。,Explanation,Follow someone closely.,33/46,22.Dog-eat-dog.,字面意思：狗吃狗。,Example,Universities are not quiet and peaceful places.It is a case of dog-eat-dog for promotion.,Key,为生存或取得成功而进行残酷无情争斗；残酷竞争；人吃人（社会）。,Explanation,A situation in which one has to act ruthlessly in order to survive or succeed;ruthless competition.,34/46,23.Give a dog a bad name and hang him,字面意思：给狗一个坏名声然后绞死它。,Example,During the Cultural Revolution,it was commonplace to give a dog a bad name,just because the person had relations living overseas.,Key,即使一个人是无辜，要想说他坏，随便都能找到理由去批评指责他。相当于汉语说法：欲加之罪，何患无辞。,Explanation,If a person is regarded as bad,he will be blamed for anything wrong,even if he is innocent.,35/46,24.Hair of the dog that bit one.,字面意思：那只咬你狗毛。,Example,You have a headache?Thats because you drank too much last night.You really need some of the hair of the dog that bit you.,Key,头一天喝酒过量，一觉醒来，酒劲儿没过，还头疼，再喝一口同一个酒，听说能治头疼。许多国家人都相信如被狗咬伤，把那只咬人狗毛拿来，放在伤口上，伤口才能愈合得快。尤其是患狂犬病狗。,Explanation,An alcoholic drink taken when one has a hangover;an alcoholic drink taken when one is recovering from drinking too much alcohol.,36/46,25.In the doghouse.,字面意思：在狗窝里。,Example,My father forgot it was my mothers birthday,so he is in the doghouse now.,Key,因做了对不起他人事而受处罚或内疚、自责。说明：狗不听话就可能被关在笼子里。,Explanation,In disgrace or dislike;facing punishment.,37/46,26.Lead someone a dogs life.,字面意思：让某人过狗日子。,Example,When I was working at the school,the Principal led me a dogs life.,Key,不给他人好日子过；不让他人安宁。变体：,Give someone a dogs life.,Explanation,Give him/her trouble continually and let him/her have no peace.,38/46,27.Put on the dog.,字面意思：把狗带在身上。,Example,They put on the dog in front of their guests,but the guests were not impressed.,Key,炫耀、摆阔。尽力表现自我，好像自己非常主要、非常富有。但实际并非如此。,Explanation,Try to seem more important and richer than you really are.,39/46,28.Let sleeping dogs lie,字面意思：让睡觉狗躺着。,Example,We should let sleeping dogs lie and not tell her that her son refuses to continue his university studies.,Key,不要自找麻烦。,Explanation,Dont disturb anything which seems satisfactory,because this may cause trouble;do not look for trouble.,40/46,Live a dogs life,字面意思：过狗日子。,Example,She has been working so hard,and she is tired of living a dogs life.,Key,过悲惨生活。变体：,Lead a dogs life.,说明：参见本单元第,19,条成语。,Explanation,Lead a miserable life.,41/46,30.Not a dogs chance,字面意思：没有狗机会。,Example,She hasnt a dogs chance of winning the game.,Key,毫无机会。,Explanation,No chance at all.,42/46,31.Go to the dogs,字面意思：与狗为伍。,Example,He has gone to the dogs since he became wealthy;he spends most of his time drinking and singing in karaoke bars.,Key,（指人）道德沦丧，精神颓废或体质下降等。这人完了！变体：,Go to pot,（跟锅碗瓢盆混在一起）。,Explanation,(1)(of people)Become morally,mentally or physically bad.,43/46,31.Go to the dogs,字面意思：与狗为伍。,Example,After marriage,her whole life seems to be going to the dogs.,Key,（指事）变坏、恶化。,Explanation,(2)(of things)Become worse;be ruined.,44/46,填单词完成以下句子。,1.You should be careful and not let the _out of the bag.,2.The leader of the gang thinks the police are playing _ and mouse with them.,3.Dont ask for trouble.Youd better let sleeping _ lie.,4.Before he got the divorce,he and his wife had lived a cat and _.,cat,cat,dogs,dog life,45/46,5.This is just a _ and pony show.Dont it take it seriously.,6.There are many people nowadays who only worship the golden _.,7.There is not enough _ to swing a cat.,8.You should wait for the _ to jump.,9.Give up!You dont have a dogs _.,10.He really made a _ of himself!,room,calf,beast,chance,cat,dog,46/46,
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
