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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,THE NINETH TEAM,DIVISION,拆译法,-05-21,1/55,Contents And Members,Brief Introduction,姚渤潮,PART 1.Picking Out of Words,沈峰,PART 2.Picking Out of Phrases,朱登杰,PART 3.Splitting of Compound Sentence,刘巍,PART 4.Splitting of Complex Sentence,陈风,PART 5.Splitting of the Whole Sentence,赵阳阳、李状,Summary,韩佩芳,2/55,拆译法,英译汉时，假如应用语法分析和逻辑判断伎俩，对英语语篇加以分析拆解，就能使译文愈加表达汉语“意合”特点。我们称这种化整为零处理方法为“拆译法”（division)。,3/55,PART 1.Picking Out of Words,拆译单词是指将难译词从句子主干中拆离出来，另作处理，这种方法经常引发句式上调整。,拆词主要拆是名词，动词，形容词等,4/55,Examples:,At present,people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.,包含两层含义：“当前人们都有一个不偏不倚态度”和“因为它安全”,现在，人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚态度往返答问题，因为它安全，不招风险.(名词),5/55,The town,boasts,a beautiful lake.,包含两层含义：“漂亮湖”和“自夸”,镇上有个漂亮湖，,人人以此为豪,。（动词）,6/55,He shall be,glad,of your company on the journey.,包含了两层意思：“他高兴”和“你陪他一块儿去”,假如你能陪他一块去，,他会很高兴,。,形容词glad被拆分出来,7/55,She had a,sound,feeling that idiom was backbone of a language and she was all for the racy phrases.,包含三层意思：“她想法完全正确”和“习语语言支柱”和“她主张用生动语言”。,她感到习语是语言支柱，所以尤其主张用生动短语，,她想法是完全正确,。,形容词sound被拆分出来,8/55,They,not surprisingly,did not respond at all.,包含两层意思：“他们根本没有回复”和“不足为奇”。,他们根本没有回复，,这是不足为奇,。,副词surprisingly被拆分出来,9/55,Exercises:,We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization program,understandably and necessarily,emphasizes economic growth.,我们认识到，中国长久当代化计划以发展经济为重点，,这是能够了解，也是必要。,（副词）,10/55,拆译短语是把短语从句子主干中拆分出来，或变成短句，或变成独立句等。,名词短语，介词短语，分词短语都能够拆译成份句。,PART 2.,Picking Out of Phrases,11/55,Invitingly green Angel Island,once a military installation,contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a days excursion.,迷人天使岛郁郁葱葱，小径蜿蜒，是一日游理想野餐场所。,但在过去它却是一个军事基地,。（,名词短语拆译,）,12/55,Several blocks from the park,running parallel to it,Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown,with dozens of ethnic restaurants.,离公园几个街区便是与公园平行克莱门特街。,那儿有几十家少数民族餐馆,，热闹得如同第二个唐人街。（,介词短语拆译,）,13/55,But we have,a lot of,small,very disruptive,day-in-and-day-out,problems on the factory floor,one industrialist said.,（P149下面）,一位实业家说：“在工厂办公楼里，我们面临许多很小但破坏性却很大问题，它们日复一日，无休无止发生。,14/55,Exercises:,She had such kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous heart of her own.,她心地善良，待人和气，性格温柔，举止高雅，为人大方。,The power increased with their number.,他们人数增多了，力量也随之增强。,15/55,PART 3.Splitting of Compound Sentence,（一）并列句概念,1.定义：两个或两个以上简单句用并列连词连在一起组成句子，叫做并列句。,2.基本结构：,简单句+并列连词+简单句,3.并列连词：and,but,or,so等。,4.分句关系：并列句中各简单句意义同等主要，相互之间没有隶属关系，是平行并列关系。它们之间用连词连结。,16/55,（二）并列句类型,依据并列连词不一样可分为4类,1.,顺承关系,：由and,both.and,as well as,not only.but(also),neither.nor等连接。,2.,转折关系,：由but,however（然而），while(然而），still,yet等连接。,17/55,3.,选择关系,：由or,either.or.,not.but.,or else（不然）连接。,4.,因果关系,：由for,so/so that,therefore（所以),because等连接。,18/55,1.拆译顺承关系并列句,这,类,并列句惯用并列连词,and,（和），,not only.but also.,（不但而且）等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系，and普通不译出来。,19/55,His reputation is his own,and,it ought not be placed in the hands of anyone with power to destroy it,either by neglect or otherwise.,荣誉是他个人，既不应置于任何掌权者手中任由其去破坏，也不应被忽略或其它怎样。(and无须译出）,20/55,2.拆译转折关系并列句,这类并列句惯用,but,（不过；可是），,yet,（可是；然而），,while,（而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上转折关系。,21/55,It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries,but,to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.,从书店和图书馆里带一些书回来是轻而易举。然而学以致用却绝非易事。(将表转折并列分句拆译为一个句子),22/55,3.拆译选择关系并列句,这类并列句惯用并列连词,or,（或者），,either or,（要么，要么）等连接。,Items like bread,milk and meat were,either,unavailable,or,could be obtained only on the black market.,像面包、牛奶和肉这么食品要么没有，要么只有从黑市才能买到。,23/55,4.拆译因果关系并列句,这类并列句惯用并列连词,so,（所以；所以），,for,（因为）等连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。,A conflict between the generationsbetween youth and ageseems the most stupid of all conflicts,for,it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be,or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.,24/55,一代人与另一代人之间冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人冲突，似乎是最愚蠢。因为这就是现在与未来自己，或者是过去与现在自己之间冲突。(将表原因并列分句拆译为一个句子),25/55,PART 4.Splitting of Complex Sentence,复合句（Complex Sentence），,是指含有两个或者更多主谓结构句子，其中一个主谓结构充当句子某一成份，如主语、宾语、表语、状语、同位语等。从句，即使能表示完整意思，不过它却是作为另一个句子（主句）某成份而存在。,26/55,复合句,主从复合句,并列复合句,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,27/55,Translation Skills And Methods:,基本标准：,把主句和从句拆分出来，找出主干部分和修饰部分。,28/55,Signal Words:,1.连词：,and,or,but,yet,for等并列连词；when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,though,although,so that等连接词连接状语从句。,29/55,2.关系词：,连接名词性从句who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever等关系代词和when,where,how,why等关系副词。,连接定语从句who,which,that,whom,whose等关系代词。,30/55,3.介词：,on,in,with,at,of,to等介词经常引导介词短语作修饰语，它们也是了解英语句子拆分点。,4.不定式符号to：,不定式经常组成不定式短语作定语或状语修饰语，能够是拆分点。,31/55,5.分词：,过去分词和现在分词能够组成份词短语作修饰语，能够是拆分点。,6.标点符号：,标点符号经常断开句子主干和修饰部分，也是一个显著拆分点。,32/55,Those,who weather adversity well,are,living,proof,of the paradoxes of happiness,.(Para.4,P3),那些,经受住苦难打击,人是,相关幸福悖论,生动,例证,。,Examples:,33/55,It turns out that some of the people,who have suffered the most,who have been forced to content with shocks,they never anticipated,and to rethink the meaning of their lives,may have the most to tell us,about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey,that philosophers used to call the search for the good life,.(Para.5,P4),34/55,事实证实,，,一些,遭受苦难最多,人,或许对那种深刻、给人以强烈满足感人生经历,最有讲话权。,他们被迫全力应付,他们未曾预料到,打击，并重新思索他们生活意义。哲学家们过去称这种人生经历为对“美好生活”探寻,。,35/55,It all began in the mid-1850s,when Lowes experiments with balloons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air,that moved in an easterly direction,no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.,36/55,这一切都始于19世纪50年代中叶,，,当初罗威气球试验使他相信上升气流存在,。,不论下层气流向什么方向流动,，,这种上升气流总是向东流动,。,37/55,英语（,形合,）,汉语（,意合,）,了解,表示,翻译,逻辑、语法、词与短语,习惯,PART 5.Splitting of the Whole Sentence,38/55,意群,：,（,汉语,）就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出各个成份，每一个成份即称为一个意群，同一意群中词与词关系紧密相关，密不可分。,（,英语,）几个相邻表示同类意思词,而读意群就是说把这几个词一眼看下来可使阅读速度成数倍地提升。,四步翻译,：找动词，找该动词辐射范围，逐一翻译，调序。,39/55,Furthermore,it,is,obvious,that,the strength of a countrys economy,is,directly,bound up,with,the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn,rests upon,the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.,40/55,第一步,找出动性词：is,is bound up with,rest upon,第二步,确定动性词所辐射范围：(1)that前；(2)逗号前；(3)最终。,第三步,逐一翻译：(1)除此之外，显而易见是(2)一个国家经济实力与其工农业效率息息相关(3)而且这种效率提升反过来又取决于各类科技人员努力。（扔废词：反过来）,第四步,作勾连调次序：,除此之外，显而易见是一国经济实力与其工农业效率息息相关，而且这种效率提升又取决于各类科技人员努力,。,41/55,Our foreign secretary,on one occasion,spelt our,objectives,in terms of three quite simple principles,which I think,are,still true.,我们外交大臣有一次说明了我们目标，它主要包含三项简单标准，我想现在还适用。,42/55,How,can,the European Union,contribute to,the development of a European film and television program industry,which,is,competitive in the international market,forward looking and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?,欧盟怎样做才能对欧洲电影和电视业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上含有竟争力,使其前景不错而且有能力发挥欧洲文化影响力，而且在欧洲创造更多就业机会呢?,43/55,Examples:,This development is,in part,a result of experimental studies,indicating that,favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury,and that reduction after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance.,将原文拆成两个完整句子，含五个分句,(1),In part,从某种程度上讲,44/55,(2),This development is a result of experimental studies,这方面进展是试验研究结果,(3)That experimental studies indicating 试验结果表明,(4),That,favorable alterations in the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption may reduce ischemic injury,有效改进心肌耗氧量决定原因可减轻局部损害,(5),That reduction after load may be associated with improved cardiac performance,而且负荷减轻也能改进心肌功效,45/55,从某种程度上讲，这方面进展是试验研究结果。试验结果表明，有效改进心肌耗氧量决定原因可减轻局部损害，而且负荷减轻也能改进心肌功效。,46/55,Could any spectacle,for instance,be more grimly whimsical,than that,of,gunners using science to shatter mens bodies,while,close at hand,surgeons use it to restore them?,将原句拆译成五个分句子,47/55,(1),Could any spectacle be more grimly whimsical,还有什么情景更怪诞可怕吗？,(2),The,gunners using science to shatter mens bodies,炮兵利用科学毁坏人体,(3)While,close at hand 然而就在附近,(4),For instance,在这里是加强第一小句语气,(5),The surgeons use it to restore them,外科医生用科学抢救炮兵毁坏身体,48/55,炮兵利用科学毁坏人体，而就在附近，外科医生用科学抢救被炮兵毁坏人体，还有什么情景比这更怪诞可怕吗？,49/55,Summary,50/55,拆译法,拆译,整句,拆译,并列句,拆译,复合句,拆译,短语,拆译,单词,51/55,Invitingly green Angel Island,once a military installation,contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a days excursion.,52/55,It all began in the mid-1850s,when Lowes experiments with balloons led him to believe in the existence of an upper stream of air that moved in an easterly direction,no matter what direction the lower currents flowed.,53/55,He boasts that,a slave is free the moment his foot touches British soil,and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.,他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国土地就取得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁孩子到工厂干活，天天十六个小时，受尽鞭打责骂。,54/55,Thanks for your listening!,55/55,
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