模块3Unit3知识点讲解.doc

牛津英语高一模块三Unit3
单词
1. ancient adj. 古代的
ancient Rome古罗马
study ancient history 研究古代历史
people from ancient civilizations 古文明时期的人

2. magnificent adj. 壮丽的；宽宏的；极好的
many magnificent structures 许多宏伟的建筑物
a magnificent voice 宏亮的声音
a magnificent ceremony 盛大的庆典
a magnificent house 豪华的住宅
The magnificent scene of the waterfall is a perfect delight to the eye.
瀑布的宏伟景象真是好看极了。
The magnificent view of the ancient pagoda dissolved in mist.
那古塔雄伟的景色在雾中消失了。

3. remain
1) vi. 留下；遗留
I went to the city, but my brother remained at home.
我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。
Only a few trees remain. 只留下了一些树。
Some of them have disappeared, while others remain today.
他们中有些已经消失，而有些保留到今天。
2)继续，依旧 （联系动词）（后接形容词，名词，分词和介词短语）
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.
彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
He's determined to remain loyal (忠诚的) to the team whatever comes his way.
他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。
The death of the innkeeper still remains a mystery.
客栈老板之死仍然是个谜。
We will remain in contact with them. 我们将继续和他们保持联系。
She remained crying after I comforted her.
我安慰她之后，她还在哭。
4. addition n. 加；加起来; 增加物
Our baby brother is an addition to our family.
新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。
in addiction（常与to连用）此外
In addition, we should be polite to people older than us.
此外，我们还应当对比我们年龄大的人有礼貌。
In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate(适当的, 足够的) diet, a good education and a decent (得体的) home environment.
除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭
环境。
5. house vt. (housed, housing)
1) house sb. 为某人提供住处；供房子给某人用
The cottage (村舍, 小别墅) housed ten students. 这个村舍住了十个学生。
Those caves may house snakes or some other wild animals.
那些洞里也许有蛇或者其它什么野兽。
The personal picture exhibition is housed in that building.
个人画展设在那所房子里。
2) 供给地方贮藏
a library housing rare books 存有稀有书籍的图书馆
Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum that houses many of the
treasures from Pompeii.

6. surrounding
1) adj. 周围的，附近的
the surrounding country/countryside 近郊
2) [pl. ] 周围的事物, 环境
social surroundings社会环境 railway surroundings铁路周围环境

7. surround vt. 环绕，围绕
The fence surrounds the school. 篱笆环绕着学校。
A wall surrounds the garden. 一座墙围绕着花园。
be surrounded with / by 被...环绕着, 周围都是...

8. ruin
1) n. 毁灭, 崩溃, 废墟, 遗迹 （常用复数）
We saw the ruins of the church. 我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
in ruins 成为废墟，遭到严重破坏
The building is in ruins. 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
2) v. (使)堕落, 毁灭, (使)破产,
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.
她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
9. 1) civilization n.
[u] 文明，文明世界，文明社会；现代生活的舒适环境或文明设施
[c/u] （特定时期和地区）社会文明
Chinese civilization, European civilization, world civilization
It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world. 普遍认为中国文化是世界最古老的文化之一
2) civilize vt. 使文明，使开化；教化，熏陶，使文雅
Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.
有许多粗野的男人都被妻子教化好了。
3) civilized adj. 文明的，开化的；有教养的，文雅的
Such things are not allowed to happen in a civilized society.
这样的事情在文明社会是不允许发生的。
10 lecture
(1)n.演讲，讲课
give/deliver a lecture to sb. on sth.关于某事进行演讲
have a lecture 听演讲 go to a lecture去听演讲
The famous professor delivered a lecture on how to protect the environment.
(2)v.作演讲，讲课
Mr. Smith is lecturing on Russian literature

11. unfortunately, fortunately, luckily, unluckily, frankly(坦白地),
obviously(明显地), exactly, honestly, generally, certainly 等副词，位于句首， 作状语，用来修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive after the volcano erupted.
不幸的是,火山爆发后所有的人都被活埋了

13. bury vt. 埋葬,安葬,埋 burial n. 埋葬
He was buried in his hometown.他被埋葬在他的故乡
The house was buried under snow.房子被埋在雪下.
be buried in =bury oneself in 埋头于…，专心于…
Jean always buried himself in his work.简总是埋头工作。
bury oneself in the country隐居
She buried her face in her hands and cried.她双手掩面哭了起来。
1) ______ himself in novel, he didn’t notice me coming in.
2) _______ in novel, he didn’t notice me coming in.
3) ________ yourself in your study, and you will make progress.

( Burying , Buried, Bury )

14. destroy vt. 破坏, 毁坏, 消灭
指彻底毁灭或破坏,以至于不能修复,有时可用于比喻义。
The terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city.
They have destroyed all the evidence.
destroy one’s hopes, career, reputation毁掉某人的希望，事业，名誉 destruction n. 毁灭，破坏

15. damage
1) n. 损害, 伤害 do damage to 对…造成损坏
The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.
这场暴风雨给庄稼带来了巨大的损失.

[律] (用复数)赔偿金 damages赔偿金
She got a lot of damages from the insurance after het husband died.
她丈夫死后她从保险公司得到了很多赔偿金.

（前面与the连用）价钱
What are the damage for the wash job of my car?
清洗我的车要多少钱？

2) vt. 损害，损坏；使受损失
指车辆, 房屋, 庄稼等事物的受伤或毁坏,但往往可以修复。
The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
A large number of buildings were damaged in the earthquake.
Smoking has seriously damaged his health.

对： The destroyed car can be sold as waste iron
错：The damaged car can be sold as waste iron .

16. ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭 ruins废墟,遗迹
An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震使整个小镇处在废墟中.
The grand(雄伟的) city are now lying in ruins.

fall into ruins 变成废墟 in ruins成为废墟
the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹 bring sb. to ruin毁灭
come/go to ruin毁灭,崩溃

ruin vt. 毁灭,毁坏,,弄坏,糟蹋,
破坏方式不一定很粗暴,也可指对健康,事业的毁坏
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨把庄稼毁了。
What he did and said ruined the party last night.

17. remain
(1)vi.停留，留下，剩下
A few flowers still remained on the tree.
(2) v. 依旧，仍然是（后面可接形容词，名词，分词和介词短语）
The man remained modest and polite after he was elected minister.
Mr.Smith became an engineer but his brother remained a worker.
We will remain in contact with them.
She remained crying after I comforted her.

remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的

remains n.遗迹，遗址，遗体 remains (of sth.)
①剩余物；剩饭菜
She fed the remains of the meal to the dog. 她把剩下的饭菜喂狗了。
② 残骸；遗体，遗骸；遗稿
pay one’s last respects to the remains of sb. 向某人的遗体告别
the remains of a plane 飞机残骸
③ 遗迹，古迹，遗址；遗风
the remains of a Roman fort 罗马要塞的遗址
the remains of the ancient custom 古俗遗风

1.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ______ fresh for several days.
A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed
2. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health____ poor.
A. proves B. remains C. lasts D. continues

18. paint vt.
(1) 在某物上涂颜料或油漆
paint a house blue 把房子漆成蓝色
I want to have the table painted yellow.
我想把桌子漆成黄色。
Why not paint the door in different colors?
为什么不把门漆成不同的颜色？
(2) 画画描绘
The girl is good at painting landscapes(山水画, 风景画).
这个女孩擅长画山水画。

paint n. 油漆, 颜料, 涂料
There's paint on your clothes. 你衣服上有油漆。
Fresh paint! [美] (=[英]Wet paint !)油漆未干!

painter n. 画家, 油漆匠

19. enormous adj. 巨大的, 庞大的
an enormous house巨大的房子
an enormous amount of time大量的时间
an enormous amount of money大量的钱
an enormous amount of information大量的信息
The problems facing the president is enormous.总统面临的问题是巨大的.

20. heat
(1) n. 热, 热度, 热烈, 高潮, 压力
the heat of the sun 太阳的热力 get into a white heat白热化
This fire doesn’t give out much heat. 火没有发出很多热。
The heat from the fire dried their wet clothes.
火子的高温烘干了他们的湿衣服。
In the heat of the argument, Mr. Rogers lost his self-control. (喻)
在这激烈的争论中,罗杰斯先生失去了自制力。
(2) vt., vi. 把...加热, 激昂, 发热, 发怒
We heated the soup on the cooker. 我们在炉子上热汤。
The room is heated by stove. 这房间用火炉取暖。
If heated, water can turn into steam(蒸汽).
The sun heats the earth, causing the air to rise and the winds to blow.
太阳给地球热量,引起空气上升,刮起风来。
heated adj. 热的, 激昂的, 兴奋的, 激烈的 heatedly adv. 激烈地
a heated argument 激烈的争论

21. drive vt.
(1) 迫使某人行动或进入某一状态
drive sb. mad 将某人逼疯
drive sb. out of one’s mind 使某人丧失理智
drive sb. into a corner逼得某人走投无路
drive sb. to work hard 迫使某人拼命干活
The loud noise of the people in the street almost drove me mad.
街上人们的喧闹声几乎使我发疯.
He was driven by hunger to steal.
=Hunger drove him to steal. 他因饥饿而被迫偷窃.
(2) 驱赶
The farmer is driving many sheep to market.
那位农民正把羊赶到市场去
The Chinese people drove their enemies out of their country.
中国人民把敌人从自己的国土上赶了出去.

drive n.乘车之行
an hour’s drive一个小时的开车路程.
let’s go out for a drive.我们出去开车兜兜风吧

22. condition
(1)处境，状况，现状，健康状况
(表示人或事物自身的“状况”时，多作不可数名词）
be in poor condition 处于坏的状况
be in good condition处于好的状况
be in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况
sb. be in excellent condition身体极好sb. be out of condition身体欠佳
He is in excellent condition for a man of his age.就其年龄而言，它身体极好。
The ship is in no condition to make a long journey. 此船的现状不适宜远航。
(2)条件(可数)
Ability is one of the conditions of success.
Their working conditions must be improved.
(3)环境，情况（常用复数）
（指人们所处的生活，工作，气候等境况时，是可数名词，且多用复数）
under existing conditions在现有的情况下
housing/living conditions住房条件
词组: in good condition状态良好，身体健康，完好无损
out of condition 身体不适 in no condition to do不适宜做某事
on condition that 条件是，只要 on no condition决不
You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the riverside.你可以去游泳,只要不要离河岸太远.
You must on no condition tell him what happened.
你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。

23. uncover vt. 揭露,发现,揭开
uncover the pan 揭开锅盖
Police have uncovered a plot (阴谋) to steal the money of the bank.
警察已揭露一起从银行偷钱的阴谋。
He uncovered the scandal.他揭露那件丑闻。
discover vt.发现，发觉
Who discovered the new continent (大陆, 陆地)?

24. feed vt.
1).给人或动物食物，喂养，饲养
feed sb.(on) sth. feed sth.to sb.
What do you feed your dog on?
She fed some more milk to the baby.
feed on---以 ---为主食
Cows feed on grass .
提供原料
feed A with B= feed B into A
The moving belt feeds the machine with raw material.
= The moving belt feeds raw material into the machine.
传送带向机器输送原料/把原料输入机器中

be fed up with… 对…厌烦，不高兴 相当于 be tired of
We are fed up with his long boring speech.
用feed with, feed on, feed into的适当形式填空
1). Don’t _____ the baby ______ spoon.
2). The woman usually ______ the baby ______ milk.
3). Every day he _____ the computer ______ a lot of information.
4). Every day he ______ a lot of information ______ the computer.
5). People in Jiangsu ______ mainly ______ rice.

25. solution n. 解决办法 a solution to sth. 某事的解决办法
There is no simple solution to this question.这个问题没有简单的解决方法.
solve vt. 解决 solve a problem

26. faithful adj. 忠实的
a faithful servant 一个忠实的仆人
a faithful friend 一个忠实的朋友 a faithful dog 一条忠实的狗
be faithful to sth/sb对…忠诚
He remained faithful to the ideal (理想) of the party until his death.
他对党的信念至死忠贞不俞
I have been a faithful reader of your newspaper for many years.
多年来我一直是贵报的忠实读者.

27. concerned adj. 担心的,关心的,有关的
Concerned parents held a meeting忧心忡忡的家长们开了一次会..
All members concerned are present at the meeting.
所有相关的成员都出席了会议.
be concerned about 关心
They are very much concerned about the future of their country.
他们非常关心国家的前途.
be concerned with与…有关,涉及
This book is concerned with the relationship between two nations.
这本书涉及两国之间的关系.

28. concern
1) vt. 涉及, 影响, 关心, 让…担忧
What happens there directly concerns us.
那儿发生的一切和我们有直接关系.
She is always concerning herself about what other people say.
她总是关心别人对她的评价.
2) concern n. 担心,关心,关心的事
I feel no concern about the matter.我不担心这件事。
She shrowed a great deal of concern for her son’s illness.
她非常担心她儿子的病情。

29. bomb
1) n. 炸弹, 原子弹
a time bomb 定时炸弹 a smoke bomb烟幕弹
a bomb attack炸弹攻击 set off a bomb引爆炸弹
Has the country got the bomb now?
那个国家现在有原子弹吗？
(go) like a bomb （车）快速（行驶）；非常成功
My new car goes like a bomb. 我的新汽车开起来好极了。
2) vt. 投弹于, 轰炸
In 1941, Pearl Harbor was heavily bombed by the Japanese.
珍珠港被日本人严重地轰炸了.
A bomb exploded. = A bomb went off. 一颗炸弹爆炸了。

30. board
1) n. 木板, (供特殊用途的)木板, 甲板, 膳食费用, 会议桌, 部
on board 在船上，在飞机上（在公共交通工具内）；上船（飞机或火车）
We went on board the ship.
= We got on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。
The moment we went/got on board the train, it started.
我们一上火车,车就离开了.
Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. 飞机上的人都很着急,而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。
As soon as I’m on board, I feel sick.我一上船,就感到恶心.
There are 500 passengers on board the plane在飞机上有5000名乘客.
2) vt. 上船；坐船；搭乘（公共交通工具）
He boarded the bus. 他上了公共汽车。

31. sink v. 下沉, 使下沉 (sank, sunk)
Wood does not sink in water.
They sank the ship by making a hole in the bottom.
他们在船底挖了个洞使船下沉.
be sunk in sth. 陷入不快或深思中
she just sat there, sunk in thought.
sink into渗入,渐渐进入(不快,消极)状态
The rain sank into the dry ground.雨水渗入干旱的土地中.
She sank into a deep sleep/low mood. 她渐渐睡着/陷入消极的情绪.
sunken ship 沉船

32. declare vt., vi. 公告；布告；宣告；声明
1）declare sth. 宣布某事
declare the result of election 公布选举结果
declare war 宣战 declare war against/ on -----对------宣战
The US president declared war against/on Japan.
美国总统宣布了对日本的战争.
2）declare doing sth. 宣布做某事 （无declare to do sth.）
3）declare sth (tobe) sth. 或 declare sth (tobe) adj.
This area has been declared (to be) a national park.
这地区被宣布为国家公园。
I declare this bridge (to be)open我宣布这座大桥正式开通.
4）declare常与that从句连用 “声称；郑重地说；断言”
I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。

33.influence
1) v. 影响, 改变
The weather in summer influences the rice crops.
夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成.
2) n.影响,感化,势力,有影响的人或事(C)
have influence on=have an effect/impact on对…有影响
The book had a great influence on his life. 这本书对他的人生有很大的影响。
a man of influence有权势的人
under the influence of--- 受…的影响, 由于…的作用

34. trade n.
1）买卖；交易；贸易；
Trade with other countries is important. 与其他国家进行贸易很重要。
Since joining the WTO, China’s trade with Europe has greatly increased.
2）行业；同行者；同业者
the clothes trade服装行业
3）职业；行当；手艺
He is learning the carpenter's trade. 他在学木匠手艺。
She's a dressmaker by trade. 她是女服裁缝。
4）贸易额；交易量
a good trade in flowers 卖花的生意很好

trade v. trade with与…做交易 trade in oil/fur经营石油/毛皮
trade sth. for sth. 用…换… trade on sth. 利用
用介词填空
1.His father trades _______fruit.
2.I have traded ________ the company for 20years
3.The child didn’t trade his candy ________ a watch.
4.He shouldn’t trade ________ her kindness to take her in(欺骗她).
( in, with, for, on )

35. likewise adv. 同样地；也
Paul always finishes his work — you should do likewise.
保罗总是能完成他的工作，你应该也一样。
They went there on foot and I did likewise.他们步行去,我也步行去.
-----Pleased to meet you. 见到你很高兴。
-----likewise我也是

36. similarity n. 类似, 相似, 近似；相似点；类似处
a similarity between the sisters 两姐妹之间的相似之处
similarity between A and B
There is some similarity between her and her sister.
她和她的姐姐有一些相似之处。
similarity to sb in sth 与某人在某方面的相似之处,
She has a striking similarity to her mother in the way they behave.
她在行为方式上与她的妈妈很像。

37. similar adj. 相像的，相似的；近似的
All big cities are quite similar. 所有的大城市差不多大同小异。
be similar to ---- in--- 与----相似
My new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
be similar to ----in--- 在某方面与----相似
Your clothes are similar to mine in color. 你的衣服和我的在颜色上很相似.
The two houses are similar in size.两座房子在大小上很相似.

38. spread vt., vi. (spread, spreading)
1)张开；伸展；延长；加宽（常与out连用）
spread out a map 摊开地图
Father spread the world map out flat on the floor and tried to find out the town where his son was fighting.
父亲把世界地图平摊在地板上,努力寻找他儿子正在战斗的小镇。
The bird spread its wings. 这只鸟展开翅膀。
2) 覆盖；涂敷
a