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Growing pains
关系副词以及介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所做成分
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
①The government decided to build a park _______ people can enjoy green grass and pretty flowers.
A. at where B. which C. at which D. where
【答案与解析】D。people can enjoy green grass and pretty flowers做park的宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，应是in the park，故关联词应用in which/where，句意：政府决定建造一个人们能享受鲜花绿草的公园。故选D。
②The reason _______ he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.
A. how B. why C. which D. that
【答案与解析】B。根据前置词the reason可知引导词需用why为什么。故选B。句意：他们拒绝参加会议的原因是因为他们没有提前向他发出邀请。
③We are living in an age______ many things are done on computers.
A. which B. whose C. that D. when
【答案与解析】D。句意：我们生活在这样一个时代，许多事情都是在电脑上做的。这是定语从句，先行词是in an age，指的是时间，when在定语从句做时间状语，故选D。
二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1. “介词+关系代词”的基本形式
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在英语中很常见，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。其中的关系代词常用的有which和whom，其最常见的形式为：介词+which/ whom、介词短语+ which。
①The engineer __________ my father works is about 60 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with whom D. with which
【答案与解析】C。句意：这个我父亲与之一起工作的工程师大约60岁了。这个句子中含有一个定语从句，work with sb.是固定用法，意思是与某人一起工作，且关系词指人，故用with whom，选C。
②At last we reached a lonely village, _______ a beautiful river.
A. in front of it lay B. in front of which lay
C. in front of it laid D. in front of which lied
【答案与解析】B。先行词是a lonely village 定语从句中in front of后面缺少宾语，而且定语从句的地点状语提前，用完全倒装。lie表示“位于”的意思时，其过去式为“lay”。句意：最后我们到了一个偏僻的村子，村子前面有一条美丽的河。
2.“介词+关系代词”的变化形式
“介词＋关系代词”的结构有多种变形，归纳起来主要有以下几种：
①代词＋介词＋关系代词
Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _______ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
【答案与解析】C。此处由“代词+ of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词German，
French and Russian。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。句意：朱莉精通德语、法语和俄语，并且说得都很流利。
②(the)+名词＋介词＋关系代词，该结构又可以变成介词＋关系代词+(the)+名词
The newly built café, the walls of _______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially
after hard work.
A. that B. it C. what D. which
【答案与解析】D。选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙。The walls of which(指代咖啡屋) =of which the walls =whose walls句意：其墙面被漆成为淡绿色那座新建的咖啡屋，对我们来说，特别是辛劳以后，真是个祥和的地方。
③数词＋介词＋关系代词
There are more than 50 students in my class, 26 of _______ are girls.
A. them B. which C. whom D. those
【答案与解析】C。由于先行词是“50 students”，表示人，故用whom。26 of whom=and 26 of them。句意：我班有50多个学生，其中26个是女生。
④the＋形容词比较级(最高级)＋介词＋关系代词
There are two buildings, _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
【答案与解析】D。the larger of which=and the larger of the two buildings。句意：有两栋建筑，其中较大的一栋建筑有一百英尺高。
⑤介词＋whose＋名词
The old farmer _______ farm we spent a happy weekend was spellbound by Chinese culture.
A. on whom B. who C. on whose D. whose
【答案与解析】C。句意：在他的农村我们度过一个快乐的周末的老农民被中国文化迷住了。这里是定语从句，先行词是the old farmer，定语从句中完整的是：we spent a happy weekend on his farm，缺少的是on his，用on whose，所以选C。
注意：多数情况下：介词的判断主要是根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配或是根据定语从句中
某个名词与与先行词的搭配容而定。
▲Can you lend me the book _______ you talked the other day?
A. about which B. which C. about that D. that
【答案与解析】A。“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
▲Water, _______ we cannot live, exists in the form of liquid, gas or solid.
A. from which B. on which C. by which D. without which
【答案与解析】D。先行词是water，根据句意：我们的生存不能缺少的水，是以液体，气体或固体存在的。定语从句中缺少介词without water，用without which引导定语从句，选D。
随堂练习
1.I can well remember that there was once a time ________I grew crazy about painting.
A. until B. after C. when D. before
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我清楚地记得曾经有一段时间我痴迷于绘画。time是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，应用when引导。
2.Internet crime is a subject ________the world might argue for a long time.
A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：网络犯罪是世界各国争议很久的一个话题。argue about“议论某事”，是固定搭配，故关系代词前面的介词用about。
3.Do you know the reason ________ he got angry yesterday?
A. why B. that C. which D. whom
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你知道他昨天生气的原因吗？the reason作先行词，定语从句缺少原因状语，用why引
导，亦可用for which。
4.—Could you tell me where Mr. Smith lives?
—He lives in a house ________ the window opens to the south.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你能告诉我史密斯先生住在哪里吗？”“他在窗户朝南的房子里。”of which the window ＝the window of which＝whose window。
5.Is this the factory ________ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这就是他10年前工作过的工厂吗？the factory作先行词，定语从句缺地点状语，故用where引导。
6.The school ________ I visited the other day was not the one ________ I once studied.
A. that; which B. which; where C. where; which D. where; where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我前几天参观的学校不是我曾经学习过的那所学校。第一个定语从句缺少visited的宾语，用that/which引导定语从句；而第二个定语从句则缺地点状语，用where引导，故B项正确。
7.Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which
【答案】C
【解析】考查“介词＋which”引导的定语从句的用法。句意：风能是一种古老的能源，我们在不久的将来可能会重新利用它。return to sth.“回归到……”。
8.Generally speaking, the media can often help solve problems and draw attention to the cases________ help is needed.
A. where B. when C. which D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一般来说，媒体通常能帮助解决问题并且将人们的注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。定语从句中若先行词为case, situation, point, condition, stage等词时，通常使用where来引导。
9.We went through a period________ communication was very difficult in the rural areas.
A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which
【答案】C
【解析】a period作先行词，且在定语从句中作时间状语。介词in通常和period搭配，in...period意为“在……期间”。故选C。
10.During those years the four young men gave many concerts ________ they played all their latest songs.
A. at which B. for which C. for whom D. at whom
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在那些年，这四个年轻人举办了许多演唱会，在演唱会上他们演唱了他们所有的最新歌曲。分析句式结构可知，此处考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据at the concerts“在音乐会上”可知，A项正确。
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