江苏地区高考英语单项选择填空答题技巧及实例分析 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语单项选择填空,答题技巧及实例分析,单项选择填空是这些年来高考试题中一直采用的一种题型，做好单项选择填空需要掌握选择填空的答题技巧，以便提高答题的准确率。选择填空的答题技巧是很多的，以下结合近年来高考选择填空题给同学们作些分析并提出一些注意问题。,一、整体把握，注意语境,这些年来，单项选择填空淡化了对所谓“纯”语法和“纯”词汇的考查，而是在特定的语境中对语法和词汇进行考查，这就增加了考试的难度。因此，考生必须具有综合运用语言的能力。答题时我们必须读完全部信息，利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。例如,：,When shall we meet again,Make it,day you like;its all the same to me.(NMET1996),A.one B.any C.another D.some,从语法角度看，,A,、,B,、,C,、,D,四个选项均可修饰,day,这一单词，但句子中提供了“,its all the same to me”,这一特定信息，正确的答案只能是,_,。,Good morning,Grand Hotel.,Hello,Id like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th.,.(NMET2001),A.What can I do for you,B.Just a minute,please.,C.Whats the matter,D.At your service.,该题属于情景对话题。,A,的意思是“你需要帮忙吗？”或“我能为您做什么？”属服务员的客气话。,C,的意思是询问出了什么事。,D,的意思是“听您的吩咐”或“为您效劳”。,B,的意思则为“请稍等”。根据对话情境，只有选,_,合适。,二、注意排除思维定势的干扰,在学习过程中，同学们进行了相当多的习题练习，因此对有些类型的题目自然而然地会产生思维定势。,B,B,当碰到一些已经发生了变化的新题目，如果不作分析而是凭老经验，想当然办事，势必造成错误。为此，必须排除思维定势的干扰，以便选出正确的答案。例如：,Have you seen,pen I left it here this morning.,Is it,black one I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997),A.a;the B.the;the C.the;a D.a;a,在做这道题时，不少考生误用了“表示前面的话里或上文提到过的人或事物要用定冠词”这一语法规则，将,A,作为正确答案。其实，这里的,black one,并非特指上文提到的,pen,。答话人表达的是“是一支黑色的钢笔吗”这一意思，故正确答案是,_,。,She cant help,the house because shes busy making a cake.(,上海,1997),A.to clean B.cleaning,C.cleaned D.being cleaned,D,cant help,后接,-ing,形式是同学们经常碰到的，但必须注意到,cant help,-,ing,这一结构中,cant help,表示的是“情不自禁”的意思。当,cant help,表示“不能帮助”时后面则要接不定式而不能接,-,ing,形式，因此该题应选,_,。,Alice you feed the bird today,But I fed it yesterday.(NMET1999),A.do you B.will you,C.didnt you D.dont you,本题用的是带主语的祈使句，正确答案是,_,。一般来说，英语中的祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是为了指明是向谁提出请求或命令，主语也可以表示出来。命题人有意地使用了主语，使得一些考生错误地认为此句不是祈使句而选错了答案。,三、注意分析句子成分,明确句子成分特别是选项在句子中所担任的句子成分，有时对于我们选择正确答案是很有帮助的。例如：,A,B,On Saturday afternoon Mr.Green went to the market,some bananas and visited his cousin.(NMET1991),A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy,对句子稍作分析，我们就会发现本句中的空白处的句子成分与,went,、,visited,是三个并列谓语，后两个谓语用,and,加以连接，正确答案毫无疑问是,_,。,Is this factory,you visited last Friday,A.which B.where C.the one D.there,应该知道这个句子的主语为,this factory;this,是定语,;is,是连系动词，空白处缺少的是表语，所以,_,项是正确答案,(the one,后面省略了关系代词,which,或,that),。如果我们在,factory,前面加上定冠词,the,，答案则应选,A,，因为此时,factory,成了句子的表语。,四、注意捕获句子中的隐含信息,为了考查考生观察问题、分析问题的能力，高考选择题中常常会把一些重要的信息隐含在语境之中，而不是直截了当地告诉考生。因此，答题时必须十分注意获取隐含的信息。例如：,A,C,Are the new rules working,Yes.,books are stolen.(NMET1999),A.Few B.More C.Some D.None,此题中的,Yes,提供了很重要的信息，它说明了答话人已肯定了新的规章在起作用，故正确答案是,_,。至于,D,项中的,none,是不能当定语的，故不能选。,Can you come on Monday or Tuesday,Im afraid,day is possible.(NMET1998),A.either B.neither C.some D.any,此题中的“,Im afraid”,就是隐含信息，它说明了答话人所持的是否定态度，也就是说星期一、星期二这两天都不行，所以,_,是正确的答案。,五、注意句式的变化,在考查考生对基础知识的掌握过程中，命题人常会通过改变句子结构的方式来增加试题难度。碰到这类题材时，要沉着冷静，仔细分析，以便选出正确的答案。例如：,A,B,John plays football,if not better than,David.(NMET1994),A.as well B.as well as,C.so well D.so well as,这种把原级与比较级的用法混在同一个句子当中的用法，在中学教科书中并没有出现，考生碰到这种题目自然会感到很陌生。如果我们冷静地思考一下就会明白,if not better than,是插入语，这时就会觉得句子很容易理解，答案也就一目了然，即,_,是正确答案。,Rather than,on a crowded bus he always prefers,a bicycle.(NMET1994),A.ride;ride B.riding;ride,C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding,此题用的是,prefer to dorather than do,的句型，如果该题以陈述句的形式出现，考生很容易找到正确答案。但是命题人却采用倒装句来命题，增加了试题的干扰因素，需要考生仔细分析才能明白,_,是正确答案。,B,C,I havent heard from Henry for a long time.,What do you suppose,to him(,上海,1997),A.was happening B.to happen,C.has happened D.had happened,这里答语用的是复杂的特殊疑问句，其中,do you suppose,作插入语，可见,suppose,之后缺少的是句子谓语而不是,suppose,的宾语，故正确答案是,_,。至于,D,项时态不呼应，所以不能选。,六、注意日常交际用语的掌握与应用,高考题目中经常会出现日常交际用语方面的考查内容。做这类题目要特别注意的是中西方文化的差异，特定的语言环境以及习惯用法。例如：,Hi,havent seen you for ages.You look fine.,.You look well,too.(NMET1994),A.Great B.Thanks C.Oh,no D.Not at all,在英语中，当听到赞扬时用来回谢对方的常用,Thanks,或,Thank you,，不能按照中国人的习惯为了表示谦虚等说“不”“没什么”一类的话。因此，正确答案是,_,。,C,B,Do you think I could borrow your dictionary,.(NMET1997),A.Yes,you may borrow B.Yes,you could,C.Yes,help yourself D.Yes,go on,could,用于疑问句可以用来表示委婉的语气，但它不能用于回答。,help oneself,含有“自取”“自用”的意思，所以,_,项为正确答案。,七、细心观察，注意相似句型之间的差别,英语中有些句型很相似，如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如：,It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.,As is known to all pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.,这里第一句中的,it,是形式主语，,that,引导的是主语从句；第二句中的,as,为关系代词，引导的是定语从句。,C,再看下面一道高考题：,is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001),A.It B.As C.That D.What,此题答案是,_,。该题考查由,as,引导的定语从句，它可以放在主句前或后。,as,表示主句的内容，而不是代表某个先行词。故而译成中文是“正如大家都知道的”。其余几项均无此意。如果有的考生不小心也会选,A,，因为,it,作为形式主语引导主语从句时其结构与,as,引导定语从句很相似。,单项选择填空题的内容是多方面的，这里所讲的只不过是其中几个问题。我们必须明白，要做好单项选择填空题仅靠掌握一些答题技巧还是远远不够的。因此，我们在平时的学习过程中一定要扎扎实实地打好英语基础并练好语言的本领。,B,1.-Who knocked at the door?,-Ive no idea.I just pretended nobody was at home,so I didnt ask who _was.,A.he B.that C.she D.it,2.Apples are usually sold by _weight,and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.,A.the;the B.,不填；,a C.,不填；,the D.the;a,3.I _violin lessons every two weeks,but I think Ill make it every week from next month.,am having B.have had,C.have D.have been having,4.Its too late to go out now._,its starting to rain.,A.Besides B.Meanwhile C.However D.Anyhow,5.If you listen to me,you _have some candies,dear.A.shall B.may C.will D.must,6.-I always look out when crossing the street.,-Youre right.You cannot be too_.,A.nervous B.careful C.hurried D.careless,7.Is it in that factory _this type of cars are produced?,A.which B.where C.that D.in which,8.-Do you have anything more _,sir?,-No.You can have a rest or do something else.,A.typing B.to be typed C.typed D.to type,9.You should think _ yourself instead of just obeying orders.,A.of B.to C.by D.for,10.-Im sorry I forgot to post the letter for you.,-_.Ill post it myself,then.,Thats OK B.Dont worry,C.Take it easy D.Its too bad,11.Fortunately we had a map,without _ we would have got lost.,A.which B.it C.that D.what,12.I always prefer starting early _ leaving everything to the last minute.,A.or else B.in case C.rather than D.for fear,13.When I said some students are lazy,I _to you.A.dont refer B.wasnt referring,C.hasnt referred D.didnt refer,14.The manager promised to keep me_ of how our business was going on.,to be informed B.on informing,C.informed D.informing,15.-How did you _the movie last night?,-Oh,both interesting and instructive.,A.find B.consider C.think D.feel,16.Watch!,I_ but I _ anything unusual.,A.am watching;dont see B.have watched;see,C.watched;have watched D.was watching;wasnt seeing,17.Chaplin,for _ life had once been very hard,directed a film about life in an American factory.,A.whose B.whom C.that D.which,18.What did you say to me?,Nothing.I_ to myself.,A.have talked B.was just saying,C.just talked D.was just talking,19.I hear another new building _,isnt it?,Yes,it _ in two months.,is building;will complete,is being built;will be completed,C.has been built;is completed,D.is built;will finish,20.The secretary entered with a pencil and paper,and _,every word the manager said.,A.turned down B.turned out,C.took down D.took out,21.Bad habits,_,formed,are difficult to get rid of.,A.and B.or C.once D.but,22.The plant is dead.,I,_,it more water.,A.should have given B.would have given,C.will give D.must give,23.On the second floor,_,a young man,who was an artist.,A.there had B.there lived C.there have D.there has,24.Do you want me to help you with your homework?,Well,.,Then let me see what you have to do.,A.Id like to B.no thanks,C.so do I D.thats a good idea,