名词性从句讲解.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,名词性从句,名词性从句,noun clause,主语从句,subject clause,宾语从句,object clause,表语从句,predicative clause,同位语从句,appositive clause,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do,is taking a bath.,The news,that they won the game,spread the whole school.,I dont think,he is an honest boy,.,The fact is,that he stole the car,.,Do you know the fact,that he stole the car,?,Do you know the man,who is standing over there?,It is said,that they won the game.,(,主从,),(,同位语从句,),(,宾从,),(,表从,),(,同位语从句,),(,定从,),(,主从,),引导名词性从句的连接词：,that,（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）,whether,if,（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）,as if,as though,（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）,以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词,：,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever,连接副词,：,when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however,连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,不可省略的连词：,1.,介词后的连词,2.,引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。,That she was chosen made us very happy.,We heard the news that our team had won.,在复合句中作主语的从句,.,引导词有连词,that,，,whether,;,代词：,who,what,which,;,副词：,when,where,how,why,等,.,1,.That he is a famous singer,is known to us.,(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America,is not yet fixed.,(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.),主语从句,1.It+be+,形容词,that,从句,It is necessary/,important/obvious,that,2.It+be+-ed,分词,that,从句,It is believed that,人们相信,It is known to us all that.,众所周知,It has been decided that,已经决定,3.It+be+,名词,that,从句,It is common knowledge that ,是常识,It is a surprise that.,令人惊奇的是,It is a fact that,事实是,4.It+,不及物动词,that,从句,It appears that,似乎,It happens that.,碰巧,It occurred to me that,我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示,惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此,等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气“,(should)+do”,，常用的句型有：,It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that,It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.,主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式,.,That they will come _certain.,2.What,引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定,.,What he wants _these books.,What he wants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,1_,in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(2005,上海,),A.What is required B.What requires,C It is required D.It requires,2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2006,北京,),A.This B.There is C.That is D.It is,3.After Yang,Liwei,succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004,上海,),A.where B.what C.that D.how,Exercises,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的,名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词,(,及物动词,),或介词之后。,1.She did not know,what had happened,.,2.,Our success depends upon,how well we can cooperate with one another.,3.,I am afraid,(that)Ive made a mistake,.,宾语从句,(,作动词的宾语,),(,作介词的宾语,),(,作形容词的宾语,),1.,由连接词,that,引导的宾语从句,由连接词,that,引导宾语从句时，,that,在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的,that,不可省,。例如：,We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,注意：在,demand,，,order,，,suggest,，,decide,，,insist,desire,request,command,doubt,等表示,要求、命令、建议、决定,等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（,should,）,+,动词原形”。,I insist that she(should)do her work alone.,我坚持要她自己工作。,The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.,司令员命令部队马上出发。,2.,用,whether,或,if,引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，,whether,与,if,在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用,whether,，不用,if,：,a.,引导,主语从句,并在,句首,时；,b.,引导,表语从句,时；,c.,引导从句作,介词宾语,时；,d.,从句后有“,or not,”,时；,e.,后接,动词,不定式,时。,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.,The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I wonder whether he will come or not.,Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine,等，其后的宾语从句若含,有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句,谓语用肯定式。例如：,He,told,me that he _ his job.,(,已经完成了工作,),时态呼应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里,.,I think he wont come here.(),I dont think he will come here.(),had finished,注意,4.,注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：,I know(that)he studies English every day.,I know(that)he studied English last term.,I know(that)he will study English next year.,I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.,当主句动词是过去时态（,could,would,除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,宾语从句中用,it,作形式宾语,We think it,our duty,that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用,it,来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的,.,I find it,impossible,that he can finish the work in two days.,Exercises:“it”,作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full,A.it B.that C.these D.them,2.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.,A./B.it C.that D.how,3.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.,A,while B.that C,if D,for,4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?,A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,在复合句中作主句的表语,.,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句,1.,问题是我们和他已失去联系,.,2.,这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的,.,3.,天看起来要下雨了,.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that,we have lost touch with him,.,how,Henry solved the problem.,as if it is going to rain.,需要注意的，当主语是,reason,时，表语从句要用,that,引导而不是,because,。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,【,注意,】whether,可引导表语从句，但与之同义的,if,却通常不用于引导表语从句。,在句中起同位语的作用,.,一般放在名词,fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth,等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词,.,引导词有连词,that(,不能省,),；少数情况下也可用连接副词等,.,1.The thought,that we might succeed,excited us.,2.The idea,that they should try a second time,is worth considering.,3.The suggestion,that the plan(should)be delayed,will be discussed tomorrow.,同位语从句,同位语从句和,定语从句,的区别：,that,作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；,that,引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here,（,that,引导同位语从句，不能省略）,Have you got the idea,（,that,）,this book gives you of life in ancient Greece,？（,that,引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,Exercises,1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006,上海春季,),A.which B.that C.when D.why,2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom?,(2005,辽宁,),A.that B.what c.as D.which,3.There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002,上海,),A.that B.which c.of which D.what,4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A.while B.that C.when D.as,(1)They want to know _ do to help us.,A.what can they B.what they can,C.how they can D.how can they,(2)Can you make sure _ the gold ring?,A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put,C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put,(3)Someone is ringing Mary.Go and see _.,A.who is he B.who he is,C.who is it D.who it is,B,C,I.,语序问题,考点归纳,D,归纳,在名词性从句中，除了,关联词在从句之首,外，其它部分,应用,_,的语序,。,陈述,II.,用,if,或,whether,填空,1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.,2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.,3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.,4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.,5._ they can do it matters little to us.,6,._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用,_,，不能用,if,；,b.,后面紧跟,or not,时,用,_.,归纳,whether,whether,III.that,与,whether/if,的选择：,(1)_ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.,WhatB.WhereC.If D.That,(2)It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held,this week or next week.,A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when,(3)I doubt _ he will come soon.,(4)I do not doubt _ he will come soon.,(5)Do you doubt _ he will come soon?,whether/if,that,that,表示是否时用,_,表示肯定时用,_,归纳,whether/if,that,1._ I cant understand is why he has,changed his mind.,2._ the earth is round is known to us all.,3._ he won the race was _ we expected.,that:,what:,_,只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义,_,起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，,表示“所,的”。,That,What,That,what,归纳,.that,，,what,引导名词性从句的区别,.what&whatever,who&whoever,which&whichever,引导名词性从句的区别,1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.,2._we need is more time.,3._ made the long distance call to him is,not important.,4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,_,等引导的名词性从句,不含有疑问意义,，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而,_,等引导的名词性从句都,含有疑问意义,。,Whoever,whatever,Who,what,1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he,or she wants.,which B.thatC.whatever D.all what,2.These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I,can to save them.,which B.thatC.whatever D.all what,3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.,AnyoneB.Anyone whoC.Those whoD.Those,Exercises,.,名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,He suggested,that a meeting,(should)be held,immediately.,It was suggested,that a meeting,(should)be held,immediately.,His suggestion was,that a meeting,(should)be held,immediately.,He made a suggestion,that a meeting,(should)be held,immediately.,表示,建议,请求,命令,要求,坚持,等的名词性从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气,.,归纳,2.,在主语从句中用来表示,惊奇,不相信,惋惜,理应如此,等,谓语动词用虚拟语气,(should)+do,常用句型有,1)It is,necessary(important,natural,strange,etc,),that,2)It is,a pity(a shame,no wonder etc,),that,e.g.It,is,strange,that she,(should)think,so.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact,that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact,that they were talking about?,注意：,1.,如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的,that,只起连接作用。,2.,定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明前面名词的具体内容。,(,同从,),(,定从,),拓展,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.,A.if B.what C.whether D.how,2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.,A.which B.when C./D.that,3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.,A.why;why B.why;because,C.why;that D.that;because,Consolidation:,4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.,A.What;why B.Which;how,C.That;why D.What;because,5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.,A.That B.Whether,C.If D.Even if,6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.,A.which B.where C.what D.that,7.I have the information _.,A.of what hell come soon,B.that hell come soon,C.of that hell come soon,D.his coming soon,8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.,-_ it made me nearly mad.,A.That he broke B.What he broke,C.He broke D.His break,9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.,A.how B.that C.when D.what,10.-Can I help you?,-Yes,do you know _?,A.when comes the bus,B.when will come the bus,C.when does the bus come,D.when the bus comes,11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.,A.that B.if,C.what D.that if,12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.,A.what;that B.it;that,C.what;when D.which;what,13.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full,A.it B.That C.these D.them,14.I feel _ strange that he should be so careless.,A./B.it C.that D.how,15.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.,（,MET92,）,A.while,B.that C.if D.for,